直喷汽油机附壁油膜特性试验研究
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摘要
运用激光诱导荧光法(LIF)定量分析了缸内直喷汽油机单孔喷油器喷雾撞壁的二维油膜特性。研究发现:燃油在壁面上向油膜铺展的方向聚集,并在边缘形成较厚的油膜。高喷射压力有助于形成质量较小且厚度较薄的油膜,同时减小喷射脉宽能进一步降低燃油附壁率。增加撞壁距离能同时减小油膜质量和油膜面积,然而油膜的平均厚度并未减小,对油膜蒸发并没有明显的促进作用。将喷射角度从15°增加到45°能够显著减少油膜质量和平均厚度。
The two-dimensional oil film characteristics of the single-hole injector spray wall impingements in a direct injection gasoline engine were quantitatively analyzed by the laser induced fluorescence method.Results show that the fuel accumulates on the wall in the direction of oil film expansion and forms a thicker oil film on the edge.High injection pressure helps to form an oil film with a lower mass and a thinner thickness,while reducing the jet pulse width can further reduce the fuel adherence rate.Increasing the wall impingement distance can simultaneously reduce the oil film quality and the oil film area,but can not reduce the average thickness of the oil film,so there is no obvious promotion effect on the oil film evaporation.Increasing the spray angle from 15° to 45° can significantly reduce the oil film quality and average thickness.
The two-dimensional oil film characteristics of the single-hole injector spray wall impingements in a direct injection gasoline engine were quantitatively analyzed by the laser induced fluorescence method.Results show that the fuel accumulates on the wall in the direction of oil film expansion and forms a thicker oil film on the edge.High injection pressure helps to form an oil film with a lower mass and a thinner thickness,while reducing the jet pulse width can further reduce the fuel adherence rate.Increasing the wall impingement distance can simultaneously reduce the oil film quality and the oil film area,but can not reduce the average thickness of the oil film,so there is no obvious promotion effect on the oil film evaporation.Increasing the spray angle from 15° to 45° can significantly reduce the oil film quality and average thickness.
引文
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[17]PAN H,XU M,HUNG D,et al.Experimental investigation of fuel film characteristics of ethanol impinging spray at ultra-low temperature[C/OL].SAE Paper,2017,2017-01-0851.(2017-03-28).https：//doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0851.
[2]ZHAO F,LAI M C,HARRINGTON D L.Automotive sparkignited direct-injection gasoline engines[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1999,25(5):437-562．
[3]中华人民共和国环境保护部．轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第五阶段)：GB 18352.5-2013[S]．北京：中国环境出版社,2013．
[4]中华人民共和国环境保护部．轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)：GB 18352.6-2016[S]．北京：中国环境出版社,2016．
[5]BANDEL W,FRAIDL G K,KAPUS P E,et al.The turbocharged GDI engine:boosted synergies for high fuel economy plus ultralow emission[C/OL].SAE Paper,2006,2006-01-1266.(2006-04-03).https：//doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1266．
[6]PARK J,XIE X,IM K S,et al.Characteristics of direct injection gasoline spray wall impingement at elevated temperature conditions[C/OL].SAE Paper,1999,1999-01-3662.(1999-10-25).https：//doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3662．
[7]SCHULZ F,SCHMIDT J,BEYRAU F.Development of a sensitive experimental set-up for LIF fuel wall film measurements in a pressure vessel[J].Experiments in Fluids,2015,56(5):98-113．
[8]ZAHDEH A,ROTHENBERGER P,NGUYEN W,et al.Fundamental approach to investigate pre-ignition in boosted SIengines[C/OL].SAE Paper,2011,2011-01-0340.(2011-04-12).https：//doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0340．
[9]WELLING O,MOSS J,WILLIAMS J,et al.Measuring the impact of engine oils and fuels on low-speed pre-ignition in downsized engines[C/OL].SAE Paper,2014,2014-01-1219.(2014-04-01).https：//doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1219．
[10]陆霄露,邓康耀．采用激光诱导荧光法测量油膜厚度的研究[J]．内燃机学报,2008,26(1):92-95.LU X X,DENG K Y.Study on measurement of oil film thickness by laser induced fluorescence method[J].Transactions of CSICE,2008,26(1):92-95．
[11]程用胜,邓康耀,李韬．喷嘴距离和喷嘴角度对油膜附壁的影响[J]．燃烧科学与技术,2009(2):167-171.CHENG Y S,DENG K Y,LI T.Effect of nozzle distance and nozzle angle on oil film wall[J].Combustion Science and Technology,2009(2):167-171．
[12]程用胜,陆振华,邓康耀,等．空气流速对附壁油膜分布影响的试验研究[J]．内燃机学报,2008,26(5):429-433.CHENG Y S,LU Z H,DENG K Y,et al.Experimental study on the effect of air velocity on the distribution of oil film in the wall[J].Transactions of CSICE,2008,26(5):429-433．
[13]李韬,邓康耀,程用胜．壁面温度对喷射油膜附壁厚度的影响[J]．内燃机工程,2010,31(3):67-70.LI T,DENG K Y,CHENG Y S.Effect of wall temperature on wall thickness of jet oil film[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2010,31(3):67-70．
[14]杨延平,陆振华．汽油机冷起动附壁油膜研究[J]．内燃机工程,2008,29(5):47-51.YANG Y P,LU Z H.Study on oil film of cold starting wall of gasoline engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2008,29(5):47-51．
[15]HENKEL S,BEYRAU F,HARDALUPAS Y,et al.Novel method for the measurement of liquid film thickness during fuel spray impingement on surfaces[J].Optics Express,2016,24(3):2542-2561．
[16]SCHULZ F,SAMENFINK W,SCHMIDT J,et al.Systematic LIF fuel wall film investigation[J].Fuel,2016,172:284-292．
[17]PAN H,XU M,HUNG D,et al.Experimental investigation of fuel film characteristics of ethanol impinging spray at ultra-low temperature[C/OL].SAE Paper,2017,2017-01-0851.(2017-03-28).https：//doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0851.