东营市三个河口区域表层海水重金属的分布与生态风险评价
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摘要
2015年8月监测了东营市广利河、神仙沟河、挑河3个河口海水中7种重金属污染物浓度,以二类海水水质标准来看,3个河口的重金属主要污染物为铜和汞。与国内外其它河口的海水重金属污染物浓度相比,东营市河口海域的Hg浓度在国内居于较高水平,其它污染物则处于中等水平。采用风险商(HQs)和联合概率曲线(JPCs)相结合的方法,评价了7种重金属对三个河口海域的生态风险,发现As,Cd,Hg和Pb对3个河口海域的生态风险可接受,Cu,Cr6+和Zn不可接受。其中Cu,Cr6+和Zn对广利河和神仙沟河河口海域的生态风险大小顺序均为Cu>Zn>Cr~(6+),对挑河河口为Cu>Cr~(6+)>Zn,Cu为3个河口海域的主要污染物。本研究为东营市河口区域重金属污染的生态管理提供科学依据。
Seven heavy metals(Hg,As,Pb,Cd,Cr6+,Cu,Zn)in surface seawater of three estuaries(Guanglihe,Shenxiangouhe,Tiaohe)were monitored in August,2015.The comparison of concentrations in seawater with GradeⅡof Sea Water Quality Standard(GB 3097-1997)showed that Cu and Hg were the main pollutants in the three estuaries.Comparing with other estuaries,the concentrations of Hg in the estuaries of Dongying were the highest and other heavy metals were in the middle level.An assessment of the ecological risks posed by these heavy metals in surface seawater were conducted by combining the hazard quotient(HQs)and joint probability curve(JPCs)methods.The results reveal that the ecological risks posed by As,Cd,Hg,and Pb were at an acceptable level,while Cu,Cr6+,and Zn were not.The order of ecological risk of Cu,Cr6+,and Zn was Cu>Zn>Cr6+to Guanglihe and Shenxiangouhe and Cu> Cr6+>Zn to Tiaohe.Cu was the main pollutant in the three estuaries.This study provides scientific basis for the ecological management of heavy metal pollution in the estuary of Dongying.
Seven heavy metals(Hg,As,Pb,Cd,Cr6+,Cu,Zn)in surface seawater of three estuaries(Guanglihe,Shenxiangouhe,Tiaohe)were monitored in August,2015.The comparison of concentrations in seawater with GradeⅡof Sea Water Quality Standard(GB 3097-1997)showed that Cu and Hg were the main pollutants in the three estuaries.Comparing with other estuaries,the concentrations of Hg in the estuaries of Dongying were the highest and other heavy metals were in the middle level.An assessment of the ecological risks posed by these heavy metals in surface seawater were conducted by combining the hazard quotient(HQs)and joint probability curve(JPCs)methods.The results reveal that the ecological risks posed by As,Cd,Hg,and Pb were at an acceptable level,while Cu,Cr6+,and Zn were not.The order of ecological risk of Cu,Cr6+,and Zn was Cu>Zn>Cr6+to Guanglihe and Shenxiangouhe and Cu> Cr6+>Zn to Tiaohe.Cu was the main pollutant in the three estuaries.This study provides scientific basis for the ecological management of heavy metal pollution in the estuary of Dongying.
引文
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[2] Cobelo-García A,Neira P,Mil-Homens M,et al.Evaluation of the contamination of platinum in estuarine and coastal sediments(Tagus Estuary and Prodelta,Portugal)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(3):646-650.
[3] El Zrelli R,Courjault-RadéP,Rabaoui L,et al.Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk assessment in the surface sediments of the coastal area surrounding the industrial complex of Gabes city,Gulf of Gabes,SE Tunisia[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,101(2):922-929.
[4] El-Sorogy A S,Attiah A.Assessment of metal contamination in coastal sediments,seawaters and bivalves of the Mediterranean Sea coast,Egypt[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,101(2):867-871.
[5]王海瑞.东营市广利河整治途径及效益分析[J].山东水利,2014(1):9-10.Wang H R.Harnessing approaches and benefits analysis of Guangli river in Dongying city[J].Shandong Water Resources,2014(1):9-10.
[6]曲玉环.东营市陆源入海污染物调查与评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Qu Y H.The Investigation and Evaluation of Land-Based Pollutant Poured Into the Sea in Dongying City[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.
[7]王云鹏,纪良,时国梁,等.脱硫海水排放对附近海域的生态环境影响初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(5):61-68.Wang Y P,Ji L,Shi G L et al.A preliminary study of the impact of discharge water from seawater flue gas desulphurization on the ecological environment of surrounding sea area[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2014,44(5):61-68.
[8] Jin X,Liu F,Wang Y,et al.Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of copper in Chinese offshore marine environments from 2005to 2012[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,94(1):96-102.
[9] Solomon K,Giesy J,Jones P.Probabilistic risk assessment of agrochemicals in the environment[J].Crop Protection,2000,19(8):649-655.
[10] Zolezzi M,Cattaneo C,Tarazona J V.Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at a former industrial contaminated site[J].Environ Sci Technol,2005,39(9):2920-2926.
[11] Wang B,Yu G,Huang J,et al.Tiered aquatic ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and their mixture in Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,157(1-4):29-42.
[12] Jin X,Gao J,Zha J,et al.A tiered ecological risk assessment of three chlorophenols in Chinese surface waters[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19(5):1544-1554.
[13] Chen C S.Ecological risk assessment for aquatic species exposed to contaminants in Keelung River,Taiwan[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(8):1142-1158.
[14] Mu J,Wang J,Wang Y,et al.Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of cadmium in the Bohai Sea using native saltwater species[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,33(12):212-221.
[15] Klimisch H J,Andreae M,Tillmann U.A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,1997,25(1):1-5.
[16] Duboudin C,Ciffroy P,Magaud H.Acute-to-chronic species sensitivity distribution extrapolation[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(7):1774-1785.
[17] EC(European Commission).Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment[M].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,2003:149-150.
[18] Hu Y,Sun S,Song X,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of HCHs and DDTs in surface seawater and sediment of the mariculture area of Jincheng Bay,China[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2015,14(2):301-308.
[19] Aldenberg T,Slob W.Confidence limits for hazardous concentrations based on logistically distributed NOEC toxicity data[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1993,25(1):48-63.
[20] Jin X,Wang Y,Jin W,et al.Ecological risk of nonylphenol in China surface waters based on reproductive fitness[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,48(2):1256-1262.
[21] Feng Y,Chen Y,Wang J,et al.Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory in Huludao City,Liaoning Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2016,34(6):1320-1331.
[22] Caldwell D J,Mastrocco F,Hutchinson T H,et al.Derivation of an aquatic predicted no-effect concentration for the synthetic hormone,17α-ethinyl estradiol[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(19):7046-7054.
[23]黄厚见,平仙隐,李磊,等.春,夏季长江口海水,沉积物及生物体中重金属含量及其评价[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(5):898-903.Huang H J,Ping X Y,Li L,et al.Concentrations and assessment of heavy metals in seawater,sediments and aquatic organisms at the Yangtze River estuary in spring and summer[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(5):898-903.
[24]张雷,秦延文,马迎群,等.大辽河感潮段及其近海河口重金属空间分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3336-3345.Zhang L,Qin Y W,Ma Y Q,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in the tidal reach and its adjacent sea estuary of Daliaohe Area,China[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3336-3345.
[25]张亚南.黄河口,长江口,珠江口及其邻近海域重金属的河口过程和沉积物污染风险评价[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2013.Zhang Y N.Heavy Metals’Process in Water and Pollution Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of the Yellow River Estuary,Yangtze River Estuary and Pearl River Estuary[D].Xiamen:Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,2013.
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[27] Abdullah M,Sidi J,Aris A Z.Heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Cr,Pb and Zn)in meretrix meretrix roding,water and sediments from Estuaries in Sabah,North Borneo[J].International Journal of Environmental and Science Education,2007,2(3):69-74.
[28] Adebowale K O,Agunbiade F O,Olu-Owolabi B I.Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of metal contamination of water and sediments in Ondo Estuary,Nigeria[J].Chemistry and Ecology,2008,24(4):269-283.
[29] USEPA.Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses.National Technical Information Service Accession Number PB85-227049[R].Washington D C:US Environmental Protection Agency,1985
[30] Posthuma L,Suter II G W,Traas T.Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology[M].Boca Paton:CRC Press,2001.
[31] Feng C,Wu F,Zheng B,et al.Biotic ligand models for metals:a practical application in the revision of water quality standards in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(20):10877-10878.
[32] Jin X,Zha J,Xu Y,et al.Derivation of predicted no effect concentrations(PNEC)for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol based on Chinese resident species[J].Chemosphere,2012,86(1):17-23.
[33] Jin X,Wang Z,Wang Y,et al.Do water quality criteria based on nonnative species provide appropriate protection for native species?[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2015,34(8):1793-1798.
[34] Jin X,Zha J,Xu Y,et al.Derivation of aquatic predicted noeffect concentration(PNEC)for 2,4-dichlorophenol:Comparing native species data with non-native species data[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(10):1506-1511.
[35]冯新斌,陈玖斌,付学吾,等.汞的环境地球化学研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2013,32(5):503-530.Feng X B,Chen J B,Fu X W,et al.Progresses on environmental geochemistry of mercury[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2013,32(5):503-530.
[36]王起超,刘汝海,吕宪国,等.湿地汞环境过程研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(6):881-885.Wang Q C,Liu R H,Lv X G et al.Progress of study on the mercury process in the wetland environment[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002,17(6):881-885.
[37] Domagalski J.Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin,California[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998,64(1):277-291.
[38]陈甫华,王世柏,金朝晖,等.汞在渤海湾近海表层海水和底质中的含量分布及在两者间迁移的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1984(2):5-11.Chen F H,Wang S B,Jin Z H,et al.Mercury content distribution in offshore surface seawater and bottom of the Bohai Bay and preliminary study of the migration between the two media[J].Marine Environmental Science,1984(2):5-11.
[39] Sadiq M.Toxic Metal Chemistry in Marine Environments[M].Marcel Dekker:Incorporated,1992.
[40] Luoma S N,Rainbow P S.Metal Contamination in Aquatic Environments:Science and Lateral Management[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2008.
[41]刘发义,梁德海,孙凤,等.饵料中的铜对中国对虾的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1990,21(5):404-410.Liu Y F,Liang D H,Sun F,et al.Effects of dietary copper on the prawn Penaeus orientalis[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1990,21(5):404-410.
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