废弃电器电子产品处理行业污染分析及防治综述
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摘要
针对废弃电器电子产品处理的污染问题,综述了"非法"拆解历史带来的环境影响,分析了规范处理的污染产生环节,按照大气、水、噪声、固体废物等类别,针对性提出了污染控制建议。根据分析调研结果可知,在规范处理条件下大部分污染物质能得到有效控制,但部分拆解产物处理还存在一定困难。结合难点分析,为进一步合理回收资源,促进行业健康发展提供了对策建议。
In order to analyze the pollution problems of disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment( WEEE,the paper reviewed the environmental impact brought by the history of "illegal"dismantling,and analyzed the pollution producing process of standard treatment. Pollution control measures were proposed based on the waste categories of atmosphere,water,noise and solid. According to the analysis and research results,most pollutants can be effectively controlled under the standard treatment conditions,but there are still some difficulties in the treatment of some disassembled products. Combined with the analysis of difficulties,this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions for further reasonable recovery of resources and for promoting the healthy development of the industry.
In order to analyze the pollution problems of disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment( WEEE,the paper reviewed the environmental impact brought by the history of "illegal"dismantling,and analyzed the pollution producing process of standard treatment. Pollution control measures were proposed based on the waste categories of atmosphere,water,noise and solid. According to the analysis and research results,most pollutants can be effectively controlled under the standard treatment conditions,but there are still some difficulties in the treatment of some disassembled products. Combined with the analysis of difficulties,this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions for further reasonable recovery of resources and for promoting the healthy development of the industry.
引文
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[19]陈香平,彭宝琦,吕素平,等.台州电子垃圾拆解区水和沉积物中多溴联苯醚污染特征与生态风险[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1771-1778.
[20] La Guardiamj,Halerc,Harveye. Detailed polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE)congener composition of the widely used Penta-,Octa-,and Deca-PBDE technical flameretardant mixtures[J]. Environ Sci Technol. 2006,40(20):6247-6254.
[21]袁博,王亚韡,傅建捷,等.氯化石蜡分析方法的研究及土壤样品中氯化石蜡的测定[J].科学通报,2010,55:1879-1885.
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[23]废弃电器电子产品处理基金征收使用管理办法[Z].北京:财政部,环境保护部,国家发展改革委等,2012-05-21.
[24]废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例[Z].北京:国务院,2009-02-25.
[25]废弃电器电子产品处理资格许可管理办法[Z].北京:环境保护部,2010-12-15.
[26]废弃电器电子产品规范拆解处理作业及生产管理指南(2015年版)[Z].北京:环境保护部,工业和信息化部,2014-12-05.
[27]废弃电器电子产品拆解处理情况审核工作指南(2015年版)[Z].北京:环境保护部,2014-12-05.
[28]废弃电器电子产品处理企业建立数据信息管理系统及报送信息指南[Z].北京:环境保护部,2010-11-06.
[29]废弃电器电子产品处理企业资格审查和许可指南[Z].北京:环境保护部,2010-12-09.
[30]国家危险废物名录[Z].北京:环境保护部,2016-06-14.
[2]百度网.《中国废弃电器电子产品回收处理及综合利用行业白皮书2017》发布[EB/OL]. https://baijiahao. baidu. com/s?id=1600595590689246768&wfr=spider&for=pc. 2018-05-22.
[3]张宇平.废弃电器电子产品处理过程中的重要问题[J].资源再生,2010,(8):20-22.
[4]王玲玲,翟红,闫振元.电子垃圾处理现状与措施[J].辽宁城乡环境科技,2006,26(2):54-55.
[5]朱经发,林辉东,王德汉,等.电子废弃物现状评述与资源化初探[J].土壤与环境,2002,(11):307-310.
[6]庾晋.旧家电该如何“处置”[J].中国资源综合利用.2002,(6):26-27.
[7]李玉文,郭军,尤铁学.中外电子垃圾处理政策与动态[J].林区教学,2008,(1):90-92.
[8]赖芸.浙江台州电子废物再生调研报告[J].中国资源综合利用. 2004,(8):7-8.
[9] Wong M H,Wu S C,Deng W J,et al. Export of toxic chemicals-a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environ[J]. Pollution. 2007,149:131-140.
[10] Deng W J,Zheng J S,Bi X H,et al. Distribution of PBDEs in air particles from an electronic waste recycling site compared with Guangzhou and Hong Kong,South China. Environ[J]. Int. 2007,33(8):1063-1069.
[11]黄华伟,朱崇岭,任源.龙塘镇电子垃圾拆解区土壤和河流底泥重金属赋存形态及生态风险[J].环境化学,2015,34(2):254-261.
[12]潘海燕,蒋友明,杨幼林,等.台州地区电子垃圾拆解回收与重金属污染研究进展[J].四川环境,2015,34(1):127-132.
[13]张金莲,疆峰,桂宁,等.广东清远电子垃圾拆解区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):633-2640.
[14]吴江平,陈小云,韩义君,等.电子垃圾拆解地稻田土壤和稻米中重金属污染评估[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1628-1634.
[15] Gullett B K,Linak W P,Touati A,et al. Characterization of Air Emissions and Residual Ash From Open Burning of Electronic Wastes During Simulated Rudimentary Recycling Operations[J].J. Mater. Cycles Waste,2007,9(1):69-79.
[16]林娜娜,单振华,朱崇岭,等.清远某电子垃圾拆解区河流底泥中重金属和多氯联苯的复合污染[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1685-1693.
[17]宋杨,吴南翔,韩见龙,等.某电子垃圾拆解地鲫鱼和鸡蛋中二英和多氯联苯的污染状况研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(4):328-331.
[18]汪亚林.电子电器废弃物拆解区外来务工者及当地居民多氯联策环境暴露的健康风险[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[19]陈香平,彭宝琦,吕素平,等.台州电子垃圾拆解区水和沉积物中多溴联苯醚污染特征与生态风险[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1771-1778.
[20] La Guardiamj,Halerc,Harveye. Detailed polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE)congener composition of the widely used Penta-,Octa-,and Deca-PBDE technical flameretardant mixtures[J]. Environ Sci Technol. 2006,40(20):6247-6254.
[21]袁博,王亚韡,傅建捷,等.氯化石蜡分析方法的研究及土壤样品中氯化石蜡的测定[J].科学通报,2010,55:1879-1885.
[22]新华网.“电子垃圾第一镇”的救赎[EB/OL]. http://news.xinhuanet. com/focus/2005-04/22/content_2864341. htm,2005-04-22.
[23]废弃电器电子产品处理基金征收使用管理办法[Z].北京:财政部,环境保护部,国家发展改革委等,2012-05-21.
[24]废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例[Z].北京:国务院,2009-02-25.
[25]废弃电器电子产品处理资格许可管理办法[Z].北京:环境保护部,2010-12-15.
[26]废弃电器电子产品规范拆解处理作业及生产管理指南(2015年版)[Z].北京:环境保护部,工业和信息化部,2014-12-05.
[27]废弃电器电子产品拆解处理情况审核工作指南(2015年版)[Z].北京:环境保护部,2014-12-05.
[28]废弃电器电子产品处理企业建立数据信息管理系统及报送信息指南[Z].北京:环境保护部,2010-11-06.
[29]废弃电器电子产品处理企业资格审查和许可指南[Z].北京:环境保护部,2010-12-09.
[30]国家危险废物名录[Z].北京:环境保护部,2016-06-14.
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