基于报业话语的广州非裔社区的空间想象分析
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摘要
使用文本分析和访谈的方法,本文检视了2007-2017年广州报业对广州非裔群体及非裔社区的话语表征。研究发现,受媒体自身对新闻素材的要求以及地方政治实践对媒体的影响,早期的广州报纸构建了指向性明确、有符号意味且被污名化的非裔空间地图。早先的话语产生了消极的社会影响,且一定程度上激化了非裔群体和地方社会的矛盾。其后,随着宏观政治格局的变化,尤其是置于构建社会主义和谐社会与中非合作论坛等语境时,广州报业媒体对于非裔报道致力于塑造中非发展共同体的地理想象,构建积极的广州非裔和非裔社区的形象,以期重构非裔社区的意义。广州报业的非裔话语是族裔社区空间形象构建过程,进而成为地方政治、国家政治和国际政治持续投影、纠葛和变化的地理再现。研究从社会文化地理学和政治地理学的角度丰富了对族裔社区划界、空间生产和地理想象的理解,试图建立报业舆论与地缘政治的地理视角联结。从实践和应用的角度来讲,本文探讨了全球化背景下媒体话语对跨境文化交融带来的挑战和影响,对于实现全球化背景下的中外多元文化交融与协商、实现良性的国际关系互动具有一定的参考价值。
Using the methods of textual analysis and in-depth interview, this paper investigates the discourse representation of Guangzhou-African populations and Guangzhou-African communities in Guangzhou newspaper in the past decade. The study finds that the early Guangzhou newspaper has established a clear, symbolic and stigmatized Afro-space map based on the newspaper's own requirements for news materials(e.g. the novelty) and the influence of local politics on newspaper practices. The earlier newspaper discourse has produced negative social influences and, to a certain extent, intensified the contradiction between African groups and local communities. Later, with changes in the macro-political pattern, especially in the context of building a socialist harmonious society and the China-Africa Cooperation Forum,the Guangzhou newspaper has devoted to the Guangzhou-African report to form a geographical imagination of the China-Africa Development Community and the positive image of Guangzhou-African populations and Guangzhou-African communities, with a view to reshaping the spatial meaning of Guangzhou-African communities. In view of this, we argue that the Guangzhou-African discourse in Guangzhou newspaper industry is a process of constructing the spatial image of the ethnic population and ethnic community, and thus becomes a geographical reproduction of the continuous projection, entanglement and change of local politics, national politics and international politics. In this sense, this study enriches the understanding of ethnic community demarcation, space production and geographical imagination from the perspective of socio-cultural geography and political geography, and attempts to establish a coupling geographical perspective between newspaper public opinion and geopolitics. From the practical perspective, this paper explores the challenges and influences of media discourse on the integration of cross-border culture in the context of globalization, which hence has a certain value for the integration and negotiation of Chinese and foreign multiculturalism and the realization of benign international interaction.
Using the methods of textual analysis and in-depth interview, this paper investigates the discourse representation of Guangzhou-African populations and Guangzhou-African communities in Guangzhou newspaper in the past decade. The study finds that the early Guangzhou newspaper has established a clear, symbolic and stigmatized Afro-space map based on the newspaper's own requirements for news materials(e.g. the novelty) and the influence of local politics on newspaper practices. The earlier newspaper discourse has produced negative social influences and, to a certain extent, intensified the contradiction between African groups and local communities. Later, with changes in the macro-political pattern, especially in the context of building a socialist harmonious society and the China-Africa Cooperation Forum,the Guangzhou newspaper has devoted to the Guangzhou-African report to form a geographical imagination of the China-Africa Development Community and the positive image of Guangzhou-African populations and Guangzhou-African communities, with a view to reshaping the spatial meaning of Guangzhou-African communities. In view of this, we argue that the Guangzhou-African discourse in Guangzhou newspaper industry is a process of constructing the spatial image of the ethnic population and ethnic community, and thus becomes a geographical reproduction of the continuous projection, entanglement and change of local politics, national politics and international politics. In this sense, this study enriches the understanding of ethnic community demarcation, space production and geographical imagination from the perspective of socio-cultural geography and political geography, and attempts to establish a coupling geographical perspective between newspaper public opinion and geopolitics. From the practical perspective, this paper explores the challenges and influences of media discourse on the integration of cross-border culture in the context of globalization, which hence has a certain value for the integration and negotiation of Chinese and foreign multiculturalism and the realization of benign international interaction.
引文
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(1)报道参见：http://news.sohu.com/20090716/n265251515.shtml.
(2)报道参见：http://society.people.com.cn/GB/18237907.html.
[2]Zhang Yongpeng.A view of study on the period division of contemporary Sino-African relation.West Asia and Africa,2007(1):54-60,80.[张永蓬.当代中非关系发展阶段划分之我见.西亚非洲,2007(1):54-60,80.]
[3]Li Zhigang,Xue Desheng,Du Feng,et al.The local response of transnational social space under globalization in urban China:A case study of African enclave in Guangzhou.Geographical Research,2009,28(4):920-932.[李志刚,薛德升,杜枫,等.全球化下“跨国移民社会空间”的地方响应:以广州小北黑人区为例.地理研究,2009,28(4):920-932.]
[4]An Ning,Zhu Hong.Otherness,power and the construction of place:Towards a theoretical and empirical reassessment of imaginative geography.Human Geography,2013,28(1):20-25,47.[安宁,朱竑.他者,权力和地方建构:想象地理的研究进展和启示.人文地理,2013,28(1):20-25,47.]
[5]Mitchell D.Cultural Geography:A Critical Introduction.London:Blackwell,2000.
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[7]Zhou Shangyi.Ango-American cultural studies and the new cultural geography.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(Suppl.1):162-166.[周尚意.英美文化研究与新文化地理学.地理学报,2004,59(Suppl.1):162-166.]
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[9]Li Leilei.Re-constructing the research frame of human geography from perspectives of new cultural geography.Geographical Research,2004,23(1):123-134.[李蕾蕾.从新文化地理学重构人文地理学的研究框架.地理研究,2004,23(1):123-134.]
[10]Said E.Orientalism.London:Routledge,1978.
[11]Gregory D.Geographical Imaginations.Oxford:Blackwell,1994.
[12]Kong L.Popular music in geographical analyses.Progress in Human Geography,1995,19(2):183-198.
[13]Boland P.The Construction of images of people and place:Labelling Liverpool and stereotyping scousers.Cities,2008,25(6):355-369.
[14]Mansson M.Mediatized tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,2011,38(4):1634-1652.
[15]Li Zhigang,Xue Desheng,Michael L,et al.The African enclave of Guangzhou:A case study of Xiaobeilu.Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(2):207-218.[李志刚,薛德升,Michael L,等.广州小北路黑人聚居区社会空间分析.地理学报,2008,63(2):207-218.]
[16]Haugen H.African pentecostal migrants in China:Marginalization and the alternative geography of a mission theology.African Studies Review,2013,56(1):81-102.
[17]Li Zhigang,Du Feng.The transnational making of"Chocolate City".Human Geography,2012,27(6):1-6.[李志刚,杜枫.中国大城市的外国人“族裔经济区”研究:对广州“巧克力城”的实证.人文地理,2012,27(6):1-6.]
[18]Li Zhigang,Du Feng.Production of China's new social space in city under"Translational Entrepreneurialism":A case study on African economic zone in Guangzhou.City Planning Review,2012,36(8):25-31.[李志刚,杜枫.“跨国商贸主义”下的城市新社会空间生产:对广州非裔经济区的实证.城市规划,2012,36(8):25-31.]
[19]Zhou Wenting,Liu Yungang,Quan Zhiying.Making,development and transformation of South Korean enclave in China:A case study of Wangjing,Beijing.Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(4):649-665.[周雯婷,刘云刚,全志英.全球化背景下在华韩国人族裔聚居区的形成与发展演变:以北京望京为例.地理学报,2016,71(4):649-665.]
[20]Zhou Wenting,Liu Yungang.Characteristics of the Japanese ethnic economy in the Gubei Japanese enclave of Shanghai city,China.Geographical Research,2015,34(11):2179-2194.[周雯婷,刘云刚.上海古北地区日本人聚居区族裔经济的形成特征.地理研究,2015,34(11):2179-2194.]
[21]Liu Yungang,Chen Yue.Global economy,local landscape:Study on the ethnic economy of Japanese expatriates in Guangzhou City.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(10):1533-1546.[刘云刚,陈跃.广州日本移民族裔经济的形成及其社会空间特征.地理学报,2014,69(10):1533-1546.]
[22]Wang Min,Zhao Meiting,Zhu Hong.Individualization phenomenon in the process of neighborhood space transformation:A case study of concentrated area of overseas Chinese in Guangzhou.World Regional Studies,2016,25(4):132-143.[王敏,赵美婷,朱竑.华侨聚居区邻里空间演化的个体化现象:以广州华侨新村为例.世界地理研究,2016,25(4):132-143.]
[23]Jiang Ronghao,Liu Jialing,Lin Mingliang,et al.Ethno-cultural economy and place negotiations:A case study of transnational landscapes of food consumptions in Jianshe 6 Road,Guangzhou.World Regional Studies,2018,27(2):143-155.[江荣灏,刘佳玲,林铭亮,等.族裔-文化经济和地方协商:广州建设六马路的跨国饮食消费景观研究.世界地理研究,2018,27(2):143-155.]
[24]Zhou Shangyi,Li Yinhe,Lee Youngmin.The national identity of the Korean Chinese in South Korea:A geographical analysis of their social network.World Regional Studies,2016,25(3):12-20.[周尚意,李银河,Lee Youngmin.在韩中国朝鲜族社会网络地理特征对其中国认同的影响.世界地理研究,2016,25(3):12-20.]
[25]Liu Chuanxi,Tang Daijian.Ethnic economic phenomenon of rural tourism new format and its formation mechanism:Taking Zhejiang Deqing Area as a case.Economic Geography,2015,35(11):190-197.[刘传喜,唐代剑.乡村旅游新业态的族裔经济现象及其形成机理:以浙江德清地区为例.经济地理,2015,35(11):190-197.]
[26]Bodomo A.The African trading community in Guangzhou:An emerging bridge for Africa-China relations.The China Quarterly,2010,203:693-707.
[27]Ma E,Bodomo A.We are what we eat:Food in the process of community formation and identity shaping among African traders in Guangzhou and Yiwu.African Diaspora,2012,5(1):3-26.
[28]Lyons M,Brown A,Li Z.The"third tier"of globalization.City,2008,12(2):196-206.
[29]Wang Liang.The formed path of the African community in China under the background of globalization:A case study of the Xiaobei African Community in Guangzhou.Nationalities Research in Qinghai,2017,28(2):1-5.[王亮.全球化背景下在华非洲人社区的生成及演进路径:以广州小北非洲人社区为例.青海民族研究,2017,28(2):1-5.]
[30]Chen Gangyu,Huang Yan.The"Chinese Dream"in"Chocolate City":The Africans in China,with a pull-push analyzng perspective on Guangzhou empirics.Journal of South China Normal University,2011,(B06):132-134.[陈纲宇,黄岩.“巧克力城”的“中国梦”-推拉理论视野下的在华非洲人:基于广州市的实证研究.华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(B06):132-134.]
[31]Ma Chengcheng.Walking into the"Chocolate Town"of Guangzhou under a pious religious belief:A primary investigation into African church music.Studies in Culture and Art,2014(2):39-49.[马成城.走进虔诚宗教信仰下的广州“巧克力城”:非洲人教堂音乐生活初探.文化艺术研究,2014(2):39-49.]
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(1)报道参见：http://news.sohu.com/20090716/n265251515.shtml.
(2)报道参见：http://society.people.com.cn/GB/18237907.html.