北京妫水河水生植物群落调查与水质响应关系研究
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摘要
作为典型的北方缺水河流,妫水河生境脆弱,特别是城区段受人为干扰强烈,水生植物群落退化严重。通过开展妫水河水生植物群落实地调查和水质监测,摸清不同河段水生植物群落分布与水质之间的响应关系,有利于区域水生植物群落的重新构建。妫水河现有水生植物12科12属14种,其中,挺水植物6种(42.9%),沉水植物6种(42.9%),浮叶植物1种(7.1%),漂浮植物1种(7.1%)。不同河段水生植物群落结构存在显著差异,在水质较好的山区型河段(古城河和妫水河干流龙顺路附近)主要分布有以沉水植物为主的菹草+水毛茛+金鱼藻群落和浮萍﹣金鱼藻群落;在水质较差的城区型河段(三里河)主要分布有耐污性较强的香蒲+菖蒲群落、菰+芦苇+水芹﹣菹草群落;在缓坡型河段(蔡家河和妫水河干环湖南路附近)分布有以挺水植物为主的芦苇+香蒲﹣狸藻﹣荇菜群落和菰+香蒲﹣眼子菜群落。以群落分布规律为依据,可为妫水河生态修复提供思路和设计参考。
As a typical water-deficient river in Northern China,the habitat of Guishui River is fragile, especially in the urban reach. Human activities can disturb the ecological habitat and thus the aquatic plant community seriously degenerates. Through field investigation and water quality monitoring of aquatic plant community in the Guishui River, the response relationship between the distribution of aquatic vegetation and water quality in different river reaches can be clarified, which is conducive to the reconstruction of regional aquatic plant community. There are 14 species of aquatic plants from 12 genera out of 12 families in Guishui River. Among them, 6 species(42.9%) are emergent aquatic plants(42.9%) and submerged plants(42.9%) both have 6 species,and floating-leaved plants(7.1%) and floating plants(7.1%) each have 1 specie. The structure of aquatic plant community differs in different river reaches. In the mountainous reach with fine water quality(the main steam of Gucheng River and Guishui River near Longshun Road), communityPotamogeton crispus L+Batrachium bungei+Ceratophyllum demersum and Community Lemna minor﹣Ceratophyllum demersum are mainly distributed dominated by submerged plants are dominant mostly including; in the urban section(Sanli River) with poor water quality, the Community Typha orientalis Presl-Acorus calamus L and Community Zizania latifolia Stapt+Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud+Oenanthe javanica DC﹣Potamogeton crispus L. are mainly distributed as they can resist pollutants; in the gentle slope section(the main stream of Caijia River and Guishui River near Huanhunan Road), emergent aquatic plants are dominant constituted by Community Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud + Typha orientalis Presl﹣Utricularia Vulgaris L.﹣Nymphoides peltatum O.Kuntze and Community Zizania latifolia Stapt+ Typha orientalis Presl﹣Potamogeton distinctus A.Benn.. This community distribution can provide ideas and design references for ecological restoration in Guishui River.
As a typical water-deficient river in Northern China,the habitat of Guishui River is fragile, especially in the urban reach. Human activities can disturb the ecological habitat and thus the aquatic plant community seriously degenerates. Through field investigation and water quality monitoring of aquatic plant community in the Guishui River, the response relationship between the distribution of aquatic vegetation and water quality in different river reaches can be clarified, which is conducive to the reconstruction of regional aquatic plant community. There are 14 species of aquatic plants from 12 genera out of 12 families in Guishui River. Among them, 6 species(42.9%) are emergent aquatic plants(42.9%) and submerged plants(42.9%) both have 6 species,and floating-leaved plants(7.1%) and floating plants(7.1%) each have 1 specie. The structure of aquatic plant community differs in different river reaches. In the mountainous reach with fine water quality(the main steam of Gucheng River and Guishui River near Longshun Road), communityPotamogeton crispus L+Batrachium bungei+Ceratophyllum demersum and Community Lemna minor﹣Ceratophyllum demersum are mainly distributed dominated by submerged plants are dominant mostly including; in the urban section(Sanli River) with poor water quality, the Community Typha orientalis Presl-Acorus calamus L and Community Zizania latifolia Stapt+Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud+Oenanthe javanica DC﹣Potamogeton crispus L. are mainly distributed as they can resist pollutants; in the gentle slope section(the main stream of Caijia River and Guishui River near Huanhunan Road), emergent aquatic plants are dominant constituted by Community Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud + Typha orientalis Presl﹣Utricularia Vulgaris L.﹣Nymphoides peltatum O.Kuntze and Community Zizania latifolia Stapt+ Typha orientalis Presl﹣Potamogeton distinctus A.Benn.. This community distribution can provide ideas and design references for ecological restoration in Guishui River.
引文
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[14] 王妍, 黄亚丽, 朱昌雄.巢湖小柘皋河水生植物调查及多样性分析[J].现代化农业, 2011(3):32-34.
[15] 张兰芳. 水质条件对沉水植物(伊乐藻、菹草)生长的影响[D].南京:河海大学,2006.
[16] 袁龙义, 杨朝东, 费永俊, 等.湖北长湖湿地湖岸带植物多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(35):15596-15599, 15611.
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[18] 袁桂香, 吴爱平, 葛大兵, 等.不同水深梯度对4种挺水植物生长繁殖的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2011,31(12):2690-2697.
[19] SHARMA P, ASAEDA T,FUJINO T.Effect of water depth on the rthizome dynamics of Typhaangustifolia[J].Wetlands Ecol Manage, 2008, 16: 43-49.
[20] 魏华, 成水平, 吴振斌.水文特征对水生植物的影响[J].现代农业科技, 2010(7):13-16.
[21] 袁龙义, 李守淳, 李伟, 等.水深对刺苦草生长和繁殖策略的影响研究[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007(2):156-160.
[22] 柏祥, 陈开宁, 任奎晓, 等.不同水深条件下狐尾藻生长对沉积物氮磷的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2011, 20(Z1):1086-1091.
[23] 孔祥虹, 肖兰兰, 苏豪杰, 等.长江下游湖泊水生植物现状及与水环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学, 2015,27(3):385-391.
[24] 赵凯, 李振国, 魏宏农, 等.太湖贡湖湾水生植被分布现状(2012年)[J].湖泊科学, 2015, 27(3):421-428.
[25] 杨皓然.湖南省常见水生植物的耐污与去污能力比较研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2016.
[2] 宋慧佳.2017第九届河流治理与水生态文明发展论坛论文集[C]//北京:中国水利技术信息中心, 2017.
[3] 郝孟曦.江汉湖群主要湖泊水生植物多样性及群落演替规律研究[D].武汉:湖北大学, 2014.
[4] 郭葳, 龚旭昇, 邓绪伟, 等.汉江中下游水生植物群落及演替[J].植物学报, 2016, 51(6):782-789.
[5] 王文林, 唐晓燕, 胡孟春, 等.人工重建的水生植物群落演替动态研究[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(9):802-806.
[6] 郭坤, 罗静波, 黄俊, 等.长湖圆心湖区高等水生植物群落调查[J].长江大学学报, 2016, 13(3):29-32.
[7] 李艳琼, 林莉, 陆星星, 等.玉溪湿地水生植物群落及伴生种初步研究[J].云南农业大学学报, 2012, 27(4):590-599.
[8] 刘存,周绪申,石美,等.衡水湖浮游植物多样性分析及评价[J].人民珠江,2018,39(10):124-130.
[9] 樊蓓莉,张凯,赵晓红,等.基于植被物种多样性调查的卧龙湖湿地恢复建设研究[J].人民珠江,2017,38(10):95-99.
[10] 梁少民,罗晓洁,孟祥宇,等.河南省沿黄湿地草本植物群落多样性特征分析[J].人民珠江,2018,39(8):9-13.
[11] 张茹春.北京怀沙河、怀九河水生植物区系初步研究[J].北方园艺, 2007(12):184-185.
[12] 卜梦娇, 冯雪冰, 杨小静, 等.北京市再生水补水公园湿地水生植物群落调查[J].湿地科学, 2012, 10(2):223-227.
[13] 李博, 时慧.北京拒马河流域水生植物资源调查及保护建议[J].中国水产, 2017(12):60 -61.
[14] 王妍, 黄亚丽, 朱昌雄.巢湖小柘皋河水生植物调查及多样性分析[J].现代化农业, 2011(3):32-34.
[15] 张兰芳. 水质条件对沉水植物(伊乐藻、菹草)生长的影响[D].南京:河海大学,2006.
[16] 袁龙义, 杨朝东, 费永俊, 等.湖北长湖湿地湖岸带植物多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(35):15596-15599, 15611.
[17] 罗文泊, 谢永宏, 宋凤斌.洪水条件下湿地植物的生存策略[J].生态学杂志, 2007(9):1478-1485.
[18] 袁桂香, 吴爱平, 葛大兵, 等.不同水深梯度对4种挺水植物生长繁殖的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2011,31(12):2690-2697.
[19] SHARMA P, ASAEDA T,FUJINO T.Effect of water depth on the rthizome dynamics of Typhaangustifolia[J].Wetlands Ecol Manage, 2008, 16: 43-49.
[20] 魏华, 成水平, 吴振斌.水文特征对水生植物的影响[J].现代农业科技, 2010(7):13-16.
[21] 袁龙义, 李守淳, 李伟, 等.水深对刺苦草生长和繁殖策略的影响研究[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007(2):156-160.
[22] 柏祥, 陈开宁, 任奎晓, 等.不同水深条件下狐尾藻生长对沉积物氮磷的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2011, 20(Z1):1086-1091.
[23] 孔祥虹, 肖兰兰, 苏豪杰, 等.长江下游湖泊水生植物现状及与水环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学, 2015,27(3):385-391.
[24] 赵凯, 李振国, 魏宏农, 等.太湖贡湖湾水生植被分布现状(2012年)[J].湖泊科学, 2015, 27(3):421-428.
[25] 杨皓然.湖南省常见水生植物的耐污与去污能力比较研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2016.