浙江景宁望东垟亚高山湿地植被构成及分布格局
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摘要
于2014年11-12月和2016年7-8月2个阶段对浙江景宁望东垟亚高山湿地省级自然保护区的核心区域进行了系统全面调查和样方调查,对望东垟亚高山湿地植物的生活型进行了统计分析,以群系组为基本单位对该区域的植被类型进行描述,建立矢量模型对其分布格局进行分析。结果表明:该区域植物共计61科122属182种,其中以多年生草本植物为主(51.10%),木本植物也占有较大比例(25.82%);该区域植被可划分为2个植被型组(山地天然植被型组和沼泽湿地植被型组), 4个植被型(常绿针叶林植被型、亚热带山地矮林植被型、森林沼泽植被型和草丛沼泽植被型), 6个群系组(黄山松Pinus taiwanensis,浙江红山茶Camellia lucidissima,江南桤木Alnus trabeculosa,沼原草Moliniopsis hui,芒Miscanthus sinensis和华东藨草Scirpus karuizawensis)。分析表明:区域植被的分布表现出优势种较少、盖度大,外貌不整齐,层片结构分化明显的群落学特征。最后,分析了湿地植被分布在人为破坏前后的自我恢复变化过程及规律,针对该区域湿地植被的恢复和保护提出了具体建议。图1表1参13
Field investigations in the core areas of Zhejiang Provincial Wangdongyang Subalpine Wetland Nature Reserve in Jingning County, China were carried out during November and December 2014 and July and August 2016. The life form functional groups of plants in research area were analyzed, and formation groups as the basic units of vegetation types were described. The distribution patterns were analyzed by establishing a vector model. The results showed that there were 182 species belonging to 122 genera and 61 families in the wetland, most of them being perennial herbs(51.10%) and woody plants also accounting for a large proportion(25.82%). The vegetation in the wetland could be divided into 2 vegetation types(mountain natural vegetation and swamp wetland vegetation), 4 vegetation types(evergreen needle-leaved forest, subtropical mountain scrub,forest swamp, and marsh grass)and 6 formation groups(Pinus taiwanensis, Camellia lucidissima, Alnus trabeculosa, Moliniopsis hui, Miscanthus sinensis, and Scirpus karuizawensis). The results indicated that the distribution of vegetation community in the wetland was characterized by small number of dominant species, high coverage, irregular appearance and stratified structures. Finally, the self-restoration process and pattern of vegetation distribution before and after manmade damages in the wetlands were analyzed, and the solutions to restoration and protection of wetland vegetation were suggested in this study. [Ch, 1 fig. 1 tab. 13 ref.]
Field investigations in the core areas of Zhejiang Provincial Wangdongyang Subalpine Wetland Nature Reserve in Jingning County, China were carried out during November and December 2014 and July and August 2016. The life form functional groups of plants in research area were analyzed, and formation groups as the basic units of vegetation types were described. The distribution patterns were analyzed by establishing a vector model. The results showed that there were 182 species belonging to 122 genera and 61 families in the wetland, most of them being perennial herbs(51.10%) and woody plants also accounting for a large proportion(25.82%). The vegetation in the wetland could be divided into 2 vegetation types(mountain natural vegetation and swamp wetland vegetation), 4 vegetation types(evergreen needle-leaved forest, subtropical mountain scrub,forest swamp, and marsh grass)and 6 formation groups(Pinus taiwanensis, Camellia lucidissima, Alnus trabeculosa, Moliniopsis hui, Miscanthus sinensis, and Scirpus karuizawensis). The results indicated that the distribution of vegetation community in the wetland was characterized by small number of dominant species, high coverage, irregular appearance and stratified structures. Finally, the self-restoration process and pattern of vegetation distribution before and after manmade damages in the wetlands were analyzed, and the solutions to restoration and protection of wetland vegetation were suggested in this study. [Ch, 1 fig. 1 tab. 13 ref.]
引文
[1]赵海莉,赵锐锋,张丽华,等.黑河中游湿地典型植物群落特征与物种多样性[J].生态学杂志, 2013, 32(4):813-820.ZHAO Haili, ZHAO Ruifeng, ZHANG Lihua, et al. Community characteristics and species diversity of wetland plants in middle reaches of Heihe River, Northwest China[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(4):813-820.
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[6]许元科,刘饶,林敏,等.景宁望东垟高海拔湿地江南桤木林恢复技术研究[J].中国科技信息, 2006(17):89-92.XU Yuanke, LIU Rao, LIN Min, et al. Study on the restoration techniques of the Alnus trabeculosa forest of Wangdongyang high altitude wetland in Jingning[J]. China Sci Technol Inf, 2006(17):89-92.
[7]顾延生,唐倩倩,刘红叶,等.浙江景宁亚高山湿地群形成环境探究[J].湿地科学, 2016, 14(3):302-310.GU Yansheng, TANG Qianqian, LIU Hongye, et al. Formation environment of the subalpine wetlands in Jingning She Autonomous County, Zhejiang Province[J]. Wetland Sci, 2016, 14(3):302-310.
[8]周云鹏,胡忠行,张曼,等.基于PSR模型的浙江望东垟亚高山湿地生态安全评价[J].湿地科学与管理, 2017,13(2):20-24.ZHOU Yunpeng, HU Zhongxing, ZHANG Man, et al. PSR-based eco-security evaluation of Wangdongyang Subalpine Wetland in Zhejiang Province[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2017, 13(2):20-24.
[9]陈征海,刘安兴,李根有,等.浙江天然湿地类型研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2002, 28(2):156-160.CHEN Zhenghai, LIU Anxing, LI Gengyou, et al. Investigation on classification of natural wetlands in Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang Univ Agric Life Sci, 2002, 28(2):156-160.
[10]杜耘,蔡述明,王学雷,等.神农架大九湖亚高山湿地环境背景与生态恢复[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(6):915-919.DU Yun, CAI Shuming, WANG Xuelei, et al. Environmental background and ecological restoration of the Dajiuhu sub-alpine wetland in Mt. Shennongjia[J]. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin, 2008, 17(6):915-919.
[11]ALVEY A A. Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest[J]. Urban For Urban Greening, 2006, 5(4):195-201.
[12]李洪远,孟伟庆.湿地中的植物入侵及湿地植物的入侵性[J].生态学杂志, 2006, 25(5):577-580.LI Hongyuan, MENG Weiqing. Plant invasion in wetland and invasiveness of wetland plants[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2006,25(5):577-580.
[13]CAPPUCCINO N, ARNASON J T. Novel chemistry of invasive exotic plants[J]. Biol Lett, 2006, 2(2):189-193.
[2]张全军,于秀波,胡斌华.鄱阳湖南矶湿地植物群落分布特征研究[J].资源科学, 2013, 35(1):42-49.ZHANG Quanjun, YU Xiubo, HU Binhua. Research on the characteristics of plant communities in the Poyang Nanji Wetlands, China[J]. Resour Sci, 2013, 35(1):42-49.
[3]肖德荣,田昆,袁华,等.高原湿地纳帕海水生植物群落分布格局及变化[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(11):3624-3630.XIAO Derong, TIAN Kun, YUAN Hua, et al. The distribution patterns and changes of aquatic plant communities in Napahai Wetland in northwestern Yunnan Plateau, China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2006, 26(11):3624-3630.
[4]严靖,戚维隆,陆俊安,等.呼伦贝尔市湿地野生种子植物区系[J].湿地科学, 2015, 13(1):66-73.YAN Jing, QI Weilong, LU Jun’an, et al. Flora wild seed plants in wetlands in Hulunbuir City[J]. Wetland Sci,2015, 13(1):66-73.
[5]陈伟杰,刘日林,梅中海,等.望东垟高山湿地群落基本特征分析[J].浙江林业科技, 2015, 35(2):1-7.CHEN Weijie, LIU Rilin, MEI Zhonghai, et al. Community characteristics of Wangdongyang Alpine Wetland in Jingning of Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang For Sci Technol, 2015, 35(2):1-7.
[6]许元科,刘饶,林敏,等.景宁望东垟高海拔湿地江南桤木林恢复技术研究[J].中国科技信息, 2006(17):89-92.XU Yuanke, LIU Rao, LIN Min, et al. Study on the restoration techniques of the Alnus trabeculosa forest of Wangdongyang high altitude wetland in Jingning[J]. China Sci Technol Inf, 2006(17):89-92.
[7]顾延生,唐倩倩,刘红叶,等.浙江景宁亚高山湿地群形成环境探究[J].湿地科学, 2016, 14(3):302-310.GU Yansheng, TANG Qianqian, LIU Hongye, et al. Formation environment of the subalpine wetlands in Jingning She Autonomous County, Zhejiang Province[J]. Wetland Sci, 2016, 14(3):302-310.
[8]周云鹏,胡忠行,张曼,等.基于PSR模型的浙江望东垟亚高山湿地生态安全评价[J].湿地科学与管理, 2017,13(2):20-24.ZHOU Yunpeng, HU Zhongxing, ZHANG Man, et al. PSR-based eco-security evaluation of Wangdongyang Subalpine Wetland in Zhejiang Province[J]. Wetland Sci Manage, 2017, 13(2):20-24.
[9]陈征海,刘安兴,李根有,等.浙江天然湿地类型研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2002, 28(2):156-160.CHEN Zhenghai, LIU Anxing, LI Gengyou, et al. Investigation on classification of natural wetlands in Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang Univ Agric Life Sci, 2002, 28(2):156-160.
[10]杜耘,蔡述明,王学雷,等.神农架大九湖亚高山湿地环境背景与生态恢复[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(6):915-919.DU Yun, CAI Shuming, WANG Xuelei, et al. Environmental background and ecological restoration of the Dajiuhu sub-alpine wetland in Mt. Shennongjia[J]. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin, 2008, 17(6):915-919.
[11]ALVEY A A. Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest[J]. Urban For Urban Greening, 2006, 5(4):195-201.
[12]李洪远,孟伟庆.湿地中的植物入侵及湿地植物的入侵性[J].生态学杂志, 2006, 25(5):577-580.LI Hongyuan, MENG Weiqing. Plant invasion in wetland and invasiveness of wetland plants[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2006,25(5):577-580.
[13]CAPPUCCINO N, ARNASON J T. Novel chemistry of invasive exotic plants[J]. Biol Lett, 2006, 2(2):189-193.
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