阿拉善干旱荒漠区土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响
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摘要
为探析干旱荒漠区生态系统服务对土地利用变化的响应,支撑干旱荒漠区生态—经济—社会可持续发展,选择生态环境脆弱、人地关系紧张的阿拉善干旱荒漠区为典型研究区,运用ArcGIS对阿拉善2000—2015年土地利用变化进行了分析,在此基础上利用InVEST模型评估了阿拉善土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:2000—2015年,阿拉善土地利用变化明显,草地、建设用地、耕地、水域面积呈增加趋势,而未利用土地和林地面积呈减少趋势。同期,研究区生态系统服务总价值从1 025.26亿元增加到1 237.70亿元,主要归因于未利用土地面积的减少和草地面积的增加;而这一变化对研究区土壤保持服务价值增加的影响尤为明显。2000—2015年,研究区分布有5个生态系统服务价值热点区域,这些区域生态服务价值的提高普遍得益于近些年生态治理工程的实施。但值得注意的是,阿拉善右旗和居延海绿洲的热点区域有缩小的趋势,在今后的生态治理过程中需要重点关注。
In order to explore the response of ecosystem services to land use change and support the sustainable development of ecology-economy-society in arid desert areas, land use is one of the most important driving forces leading to the change of ecosystem services. Considered the fragile eco-environment and intensive man-land relationship, we selected arid desert region of Alxa as the research region, and analyzed the dynamics of land use change from 2000 to 2015 by using ArcGIS, and assessed its impact on the change of regional Ecosystem Services Value(ESV) by using InVEST model. The results showed that the land use of Alxa had experienced a significant change from 2000 to 2015; the areas of grassland, construction land, cultivated land and water presented the increasing trend, while the areas of unused land and forest had decreased; during the same period, the total ESV in Alxa increased from 102.526 billion yuan to 123.770 billion yuan, which was mainly attributed to the decrease of unused land and the increase of grassland, and this change of land use had a particularly significant impact on the increase of soil conservation service value; from 2000 to 2015, five hot spots with ESV change were observed in Alxa, and the increase of ESV in these regions generally benefited from the implementation of ecological projects in recent years. However, the area of hot spots with ESV change in Alxa Right Banner and Juyanhai Oasis experienced the decreasing trend, and ecology recovery in these regions should be paid more attention in the future.
In order to explore the response of ecosystem services to land use change and support the sustainable development of ecology-economy-society in arid desert areas, land use is one of the most important driving forces leading to the change of ecosystem services. Considered the fragile eco-environment and intensive man-land relationship, we selected arid desert region of Alxa as the research region, and analyzed the dynamics of land use change from 2000 to 2015 by using ArcGIS, and assessed its impact on the change of regional Ecosystem Services Value(ESV) by using InVEST model. The results showed that the land use of Alxa had experienced a significant change from 2000 to 2015; the areas of grassland, construction land, cultivated land and water presented the increasing trend, while the areas of unused land and forest had decreased; during the same period, the total ESV in Alxa increased from 102.526 billion yuan to 123.770 billion yuan, which was mainly attributed to the decrease of unused land and the increase of grassland, and this change of land use had a particularly significant impact on the increase of soil conservation service value; from 2000 to 2015, five hot spots with ESV change were observed in Alxa, and the increase of ESV in these regions generally benefited from the implementation of ecological projects in recent years. However, the area of hot spots with ESV change in Alxa Right Banner and Juyanhai Oasis experienced the decreasing trend, and ecology recovery in these regions should be paid more attention in the future.
引文
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[23] 高程,王金亮,刘广杰.区域生态资产价值评估研究:以抚仙湖流域为例[J].环境科学导刊,2018,37(2):12-17.
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[2] 程磊磊,郭浩,卢琦.荒漠生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):281-287.
[3] 郭兵,孔维华,姜琳.西北干旱荒漠生态区脆弱性动态监测及驱动因子定量分析[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(3):412-424.
[4] 王涛,吴薇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁地区现代沙漠化过程的驱动因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):519-528.
[5] 许端阳,康相武,刘志丽,等.气候变化和人类活动在鄂尔多斯地区沙漠化过程中的相对作用研究[J].中国科学 D辑:地球科学,2009,39(4):516-528.
[6] 王子玉,许端阳,杨华,等.1981—2010年气候变化和人类活动对内蒙古地区植被动态影响的定量研究[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(8):1025-1032.
[7] 赵振勇,王让会,张慧芝,等.塔里木河下游荒漠生态系统退化机制分析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(2):220-225.
[8] 孔君洽,杨荣,苏永中,等.基于土地利用/覆被变化的荒漠绿洲碳储量动态评估[J].生态学报,2018,38(21):7801-7812.
[9] 陈淑青.基于生态安全指数的荒漠生态系统生态安全评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[10] Cabral P,Feger C,Levrel H,et al.Assessing the impact of land-cover changes on ecosystem services:A first step toward integrative planning in Bordeaux,France[J].Ecosystem Services,2016,22:318-327.
[11] 张文华.基于InVEST模型的锡林郭勒草原土地利用/土地覆被变化与生态系统服务研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2016.
[12] 孙滨峰,赵红,逯非,等.东北森林带森林生态系统固碳服务空间特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2018,38(14):4975-4983.
[13] 熊鹰,张方明,龚长安,等.LUCC影响下湖南省生态系统服务价值时空演变[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(6):1397-1408.
[14] 殷格兰,邵景安,郭跃,等.林地资源变化对森林生态系统服务功能的影响:以南水北调核心水源地淅川县为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6973-6985.
[15] 马依拉·热合曼,买买提·沙吾提,尼格拉·塔什甫拉提,等.基于遥感与GIS的渭库绿洲生态系统服务价值时空变化研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(16):5938-5951.
[16] 吴瑞,刘桂环,文一惠.基于InVEST模型的官厅水库流域产水和水质净化服务时空变化[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(3):406-414.
[17] Taylor N T,Davis K M,Abad H,et al.Ecosystem services of the big bend region of the chihuahuan desert[J].Ecosystem Services,2017,27:48-57.
[18] 王翠萍.库布齐沙漠中段沙化土地动态变化及驱动力分析[J].林业资源管理,2018(1):63-71,154.
[19] 刘金勇,孔繁花,尹海伟,等.济南市土地利用变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1231-1236.
[20] Hadley N F,Szarek S R.Productivity of desert ecosystems[J].Bioscience,1981,31(10):747-753.
[21] Bidak L M,Kamal S A,Halmy M W A,et al.Goods and services provided by native plants in desert ecosystems:Examples from the northwestern coastal desert of Egypt[J].Global Ecology and Conservation,2015,3:433-447.
[22] 李青,王娇,李博,等.荒漠生态系统服务功能货币化评估:以塔里木河干流胡杨林为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(7):47-52.
[23] 高程,王金亮,刘广杰.区域生态资产价值评估研究:以抚仙湖流域为例[J].环境科学导刊,2018,37(2):12-17.
[24] 侯元兆,王琦.中国森林资源核算研究[J].世界林业研究,1995(3):51-56.
[25] 中华人民共和国国家林业局.森林生态系统服务功能评估规范LY/T1721—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.