水库库盘变形的特征及其地质成因分析
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摘要
不同于一般的库岸变形,库盘变形、谷幅变形是水库蓄水引起的新的工程地质问题,直接关系到水库大坝的安全运行。监测发现,已建的多座水库在蓄水过程中库盘出现下沉或抬升变形。本文以库盘变形较为典型的溪洛渡、铜街子、江垭、锦屏一级、小湾几个水电站为例,基于水电站所处的地质环境,从水库蓄水引起的区域水文地质条件变化角度分析库盘变形的地质成因条件。研究发现,地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造和水文地质条件是发生库盘、谷幅变形的内在因素,而水库蓄水位、蓄水过程是诱发库盘、谷幅变形最重要的外在因素,外因通过内因而起作用。研究成果将为在建、待建水电工程建立正确的库盘变形、谷幅变形物理模型,准确计算、分析、预测可能发生的库盘、谷幅变形提供科学依据。
Different from the commonly occurred deformation of reservoir bank,reservoir plate deformation together with valley deformation are new issues in engineering geology and directly threaten the safety of reservoir dams.Monitoring data shows that settlement or lift deformation has occurred during impoundment at multiple reservoirs that have been built. We take Xiluodu,Tongjiezi,Jiangya,Jinping and Xiaowan hydroelectric power stations as typical examples to investigate the geological causes of reservoir plate deformation from the perspective of regional hydrogeological condition variations. The findings reveal that topography,formation lithology,geologic structure and hydrogeological conditions are internal factors of reservoir plate and valley deformation. Besides,the reservoir level and impoundment processes are external factors triggering such deformation. External factors always act upon the internal ones. The reserch achievements will provide guidance for building physical models for under-construction and to-be-built hydroelectric projects and for accurately calculating,analyzing and predicting potential reservoir plate and valley deformation.
Different from the commonly occurred deformation of reservoir bank,reservoir plate deformation together with valley deformation are new issues in engineering geology and directly threaten the safety of reservoir dams.Monitoring data shows that settlement or lift deformation has occurred during impoundment at multiple reservoirs that have been built. We take Xiluodu,Tongjiezi,Jiangya,Jinping and Xiaowan hydroelectric power stations as typical examples to investigate the geological causes of reservoir plate deformation from the perspective of regional hydrogeological condition variations. The findings reveal that topography,formation lithology,geologic structure and hydrogeological conditions are internal factors of reservoir plate and valley deformation. Besides,the reservoir level and impoundment processes are external factors triggering such deformation. External factors always act upon the internal ones. The reserch achievements will provide guidance for building physical models for under-construction and to-be-built hydroelectric projects and for accurately calculating,analyzing and predicting potential reservoir plate and valley deformation.
引文
Cheng L,Liu Y R,Yang Q,et al.2017.Mechanism and numerical simulation of reservoir slope deformation during impounding of high arch dams based on nonlinear FEM[J].Computers&Geotechnics,81:143-154.
Deng J H,Chan D H,Martin C D,et al.2002.Impounding-inudced deformation of reservoir banks,a case history[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,13(1):21-24.
Huang B L,Chen X T,Pen X M,et al.2007.Deformation characteristics analysis of representative landslides in Xinagxi River valley in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,(4):10-12,30.
Huang R Q,Li Y S,Yan M.2017.The implication and evaluation of toppling failure in engineering geology practice[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(5):1165-1181.
Huang R Q,Qi S W.2017.Engineering geology:review and prospect of past ten years in China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):257-276.
Jiang S,Wang Y F,Tang C,et al.2017.Preliminary study of the creep mechanism of Jinpinzi zoneⅡslow moving landslide in lower reaches of Jinsha River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(6):1547-1556.
Jiang Z M,Li S L,Ding P,et al.2017.Modes of hydro-geological structure for uplift deformation near reservoir pivot[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(11):2026-2033.
Liang G H,Hu Y,Fan Q X,et al.2016.Analysis on valley deformation of Xilulodu high arch dam during impoundment and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,35(9):101-110.
Lin P,Liu X L,Hu Y,et al.2013.Deformation stability analysis of Xiluodu arch dam under stress-seepage coupling condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,32(6):1145-1156.
Liu L Y,Wen L P.2016.Analysis on high dam large reservoir statistics in China[J].Water Conservancy Construction and Management,36(9):12-16,32.
Liu W,Chen Y F,Hu R,et al.2015.Back analysis of rock permeability with consideration of transient flow process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,34(2):362-373.
Pytharouli S I,Stiros S C.2005.Ladon dam(Greece)deformation and reservoir level fluctuations:evidence for a causative relationship from the spectral analysis of a geodetic monitoring record[J].Engineering Structures,27(3):361-370.
Tang H M,Lu S.2018.Research on the spatial distribution of slip zone of Huangtupo landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(1):129-136.
Tang X L,Liu D Y,Feng H B,et al.2009.Evaluation of Main engineering geological problems of Xiaowan hydropower station[J].Water Power,35(9):49-52.
Wang F,Tang H M.2017.Mechanism and evolution of toppling in interbedded slopes at upstream of Yalong River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(6):1501-1508.
Wang L S,Jin D L,Luo S D.2007.Formation mechanism and trend analysis of lifting of valley and dam in Jiangya hydraulic project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,26(6):1107-1115.
Wu F Q,Qi S W.2003.Mechanism of uplift deformation of the dam foundation of Jiangya reservior and the nearby mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Geotecnical Engineering,25(4):449-454.
Zhang B H.1992.Engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Tongjiezi hydropower station[J].Water Power,(11):20-24.
Zhou C B,Chen Y F,Jiang Q H,et al.2008.On generalized multi-field coupling for fractured rock masses and its applications to rock engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(7):1329-1340.
Zhou Z F,Wang J G.2002.Comprehensive assessment of environmental hydrogeology in Xiluodu hydropower station[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,8(2):227-235.
Zhou Z F,Wang J G.2003.Abnormal characteristics analysis of groundwater temperature field in canyon areas[J].Advances in Water Science,14(1):62-66.
Zhou Z F,et al.2007.Theory on dynamics of fluids in fractured medium[M].Beingjing:Higher Education Press.
Zhou Z F,Li M W,Zhuang C,et al.2018.Impact factors and forming conditions of valley deformation of Xiluodu Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),46(6):95-103.
邓建辉,Chan D H,Martin C D,等.2002.一例由蓄水诱发的库岸边坡变形[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,13(1):21-24.
黄波林,陈小婷,彭轩明,等.2007.三峡库区香溪河段典型滑坡变形特征分析[J].水文地质工程地质,(4):10-12,30.
黄润秋,李渝生,严明.2017a.斜坡倾倒变形的工程地质分析[J].工程地质学报,25(5):1165-1181.
黄润秋,祁生文.2017b.工程地质:十年回顾与展望[J].工程地质学报,25(2):257-276.
蒋树,王义锋,唐川,等.2017.金沙江下游金坪子Ⅱ区低速滑坡活动机理初探[J].工程地质学报,25(6):1547-1556.
蒋中明,李双龙,丁鹏,等.2017.水库枢纽区抬升变形水文地质结构模式研究[J].岩土工程学报,39(11):2026-2033.
林鹏,刘晓丽,胡昱,等.2013.应力与渗流耦合作用下溪洛渡拱坝变形稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,32(6):1145-1156.
刘六宴,温丽萍.2016.中国高坝大库统计分析[J].水利建设与管理,36(9):12-16,32.
刘武,陈益峰,胡冉,等.2015.基于非稳定渗流过程的岩体渗透特性反演分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,34(2):362-373.
梁国贺,胡昱,樊启祥,等.2016.溪洛渡高拱坝蓄水期谷幅变形特性与影响因素分析[J].水力发电学报,35(9):101-110.
唐辉明,鲁莎.2018.三峡库区黄土坡滑坡滑带空间分布特征研究[J].工程地质学报,26(1):129-136.
汤献良,刘东勇,冯汉斌,等.2009.小湾水电站主要工程地质问题评价[J].水力发电,35(9):49-52.
王飞,唐辉明2017.雅砻江上游互层斜坡倾倒变形破坏机制与演化[J].工程地质学报,25(6):1501-1508.
王兰生,金德濂,骆诗栋.2007.江垭大坝山体抬升的形成机制与趋势分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,26(6):1107-1115.
伍法权,祁生文.2003.江垭水库大坝及近坝山体抬升变形机理[J].岩土工程学报,25(4):449-454.
张伯华.1992.铜街子水电站的工程地质及水文地质条件[J].水力发电,(11):20-24.
周创兵,陈益峰,姜清辉,等.2008.论岩体多场广义耦合及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,27(7):1329-1340.
周志芳,王锦国.2002.金沙江溪洛渡水电站环境水文地质综合评价[J].高校地质学报,8(2):227-235.
周志芳,王锦国.2003.河流峡谷区地下水温度异常特征分析[J].水科学进展,14(1):62-66.
周志芳,等.2007.裂隙介质水动力学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
周志芳,李鸣威,庄超,等.2018.溪洛渡水电站谷幅变形成因与形成条件[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),46(6):95-103.
Deng J H,Chan D H,Martin C D,et al.2002.Impounding-inudced deformation of reservoir banks,a case history[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,13(1):21-24.
Huang B L,Chen X T,Pen X M,et al.2007.Deformation characteristics analysis of representative landslides in Xinagxi River valley in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,(4):10-12,30.
Huang R Q,Li Y S,Yan M.2017.The implication and evaluation of toppling failure in engineering geology practice[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(5):1165-1181.
Huang R Q,Qi S W.2017.Engineering geology:review and prospect of past ten years in China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):257-276.
Jiang S,Wang Y F,Tang C,et al.2017.Preliminary study of the creep mechanism of Jinpinzi zoneⅡslow moving landslide in lower reaches of Jinsha River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(6):1547-1556.
Jiang Z M,Li S L,Ding P,et al.2017.Modes of hydro-geological structure for uplift deformation near reservoir pivot[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(11):2026-2033.
Liang G H,Hu Y,Fan Q X,et al.2016.Analysis on valley deformation of Xilulodu high arch dam during impoundment and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,35(9):101-110.
Lin P,Liu X L,Hu Y,et al.2013.Deformation stability analysis of Xiluodu arch dam under stress-seepage coupling condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,32(6):1145-1156.
Liu L Y,Wen L P.2016.Analysis on high dam large reservoir statistics in China[J].Water Conservancy Construction and Management,36(9):12-16,32.
Liu W,Chen Y F,Hu R,et al.2015.Back analysis of rock permeability with consideration of transient flow process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,34(2):362-373.
Pytharouli S I,Stiros S C.2005.Ladon dam(Greece)deformation and reservoir level fluctuations:evidence for a causative relationship from the spectral analysis of a geodetic monitoring record[J].Engineering Structures,27(3):361-370.
Tang H M,Lu S.2018.Research on the spatial distribution of slip zone of Huangtupo landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(1):129-136.
Tang X L,Liu D Y,Feng H B,et al.2009.Evaluation of Main engineering geological problems of Xiaowan hydropower station[J].Water Power,35(9):49-52.
Wang F,Tang H M.2017.Mechanism and evolution of toppling in interbedded slopes at upstream of Yalong River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(6):1501-1508.
Wang L S,Jin D L,Luo S D.2007.Formation mechanism and trend analysis of lifting of valley and dam in Jiangya hydraulic project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,26(6):1107-1115.
Wu F Q,Qi S W.2003.Mechanism of uplift deformation of the dam foundation of Jiangya reservior and the nearby mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Geotecnical Engineering,25(4):449-454.
Zhang B H.1992.Engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Tongjiezi hydropower station[J].Water Power,(11):20-24.
Zhou C B,Chen Y F,Jiang Q H,et al.2008.On generalized multi-field coupling for fractured rock masses and its applications to rock engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(7):1329-1340.
Zhou Z F,Wang J G.2002.Comprehensive assessment of environmental hydrogeology in Xiluodu hydropower station[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,8(2):227-235.
Zhou Z F,Wang J G.2003.Abnormal characteristics analysis of groundwater temperature field in canyon areas[J].Advances in Water Science,14(1):62-66.
Zhou Z F,et al.2007.Theory on dynamics of fluids in fractured medium[M].Beingjing:Higher Education Press.
Zhou Z F,Li M W,Zhuang C,et al.2018.Impact factors and forming conditions of valley deformation of Xiluodu Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),46(6):95-103.
邓建辉,Chan D H,Martin C D,等.2002.一例由蓄水诱发的库岸边坡变形[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,13(1):21-24.
黄波林,陈小婷,彭轩明,等.2007.三峡库区香溪河段典型滑坡变形特征分析[J].水文地质工程地质,(4):10-12,30.
黄润秋,李渝生,严明.2017a.斜坡倾倒变形的工程地质分析[J].工程地质学报,25(5):1165-1181.
黄润秋,祁生文.2017b.工程地质:十年回顾与展望[J].工程地质学报,25(2):257-276.
蒋树,王义锋,唐川,等.2017.金沙江下游金坪子Ⅱ区低速滑坡活动机理初探[J].工程地质学报,25(6):1547-1556.
蒋中明,李双龙,丁鹏,等.2017.水库枢纽区抬升变形水文地质结构模式研究[J].岩土工程学报,39(11):2026-2033.
林鹏,刘晓丽,胡昱,等.2013.应力与渗流耦合作用下溪洛渡拱坝变形稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,32(6):1145-1156.
刘六宴,温丽萍.2016.中国高坝大库统计分析[J].水利建设与管理,36(9):12-16,32.
刘武,陈益峰,胡冉,等.2015.基于非稳定渗流过程的岩体渗透特性反演分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,34(2):362-373.
梁国贺,胡昱,樊启祥,等.2016.溪洛渡高拱坝蓄水期谷幅变形特性与影响因素分析[J].水力发电学报,35(9):101-110.
唐辉明,鲁莎.2018.三峡库区黄土坡滑坡滑带空间分布特征研究[J].工程地质学报,26(1):129-136.
汤献良,刘东勇,冯汉斌,等.2009.小湾水电站主要工程地质问题评价[J].水力发电,35(9):49-52.
王飞,唐辉明2017.雅砻江上游互层斜坡倾倒变形破坏机制与演化[J].工程地质学报,25(6):1501-1508.
王兰生,金德濂,骆诗栋.2007.江垭大坝山体抬升的形成机制与趋势分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,26(6):1107-1115.
伍法权,祁生文.2003.江垭水库大坝及近坝山体抬升变形机理[J].岩土工程学报,25(4):449-454.
张伯华.1992.铜街子水电站的工程地质及水文地质条件[J].水力发电,(11):20-24.
周创兵,陈益峰,姜清辉,等.2008.论岩体多场广义耦合及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,27(7):1329-1340.
周志芳,王锦国.2002.金沙江溪洛渡水电站环境水文地质综合评价[J].高校地质学报,8(2):227-235.
周志芳,王锦国.2003.河流峡谷区地下水温度异常特征分析[J].水科学进展,14(1):62-66.
周志芳,等.2007.裂隙介质水动力学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
周志芳,李鸣威,庄超,等.2018.溪洛渡水电站谷幅变形成因与形成条件[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),46(6):95-103.