氮沉降对长白山森林土壤团聚体内碳、氮含量的影响
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摘要
氮沉降是影响陆地生态系统碳、氮循环的最重要因素之一.为了解土壤团聚体碳、氮组分对氮沉降的响应,本研究在长白山选取次生杨桦林(YHL)与原始阔叶红松林(HSL)两种林型进行为期6年的氮添加试验,采集土壤样品并分析氮沉降对不同粒径土壤团聚体中可溶性有机碳、氮(DOC和DON)、微生物生物量碳、氮(MBC和MBN)、颗粒有机碳、氮(POC和PON)的影响.结果表明:除POC和PON外,两林分土壤团聚体碳、氮组分含量均随团聚体粒径的减小而增加;氮添加处理显著降低了HSL土壤团聚体中POC和PON含量,降幅分别达20.7%和22.6%,显著增加了DOC含量,增幅达11.6%;氮添加处理对YHL土壤团聚体的碳、氮组分均无显著影响,其中,对DOC和MBC的影响接近于显著(0.05氮沉降的响应比次生杨桦林更加敏感.
Nitrogen deposition is one of the most important factors affecting carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystem. A six-year N addition experiment was carried out to explore how N deposition affected C and N fractions in soil aggregates in the secondary aspen forest(YHL) and primary Korean pine broad-leaved forest(HSL). We investigagted the effects of N addition on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen(DOC and DON), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen(MBC and MBN), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen(POC and PON) in soil aggregates with different particle sizes. The results showed that the contents of carbon and nitrogen fractions generally increased with the decrease of particle sizes of soil aggregates except for POC and PON. In soil aggregates of HSL, POC and PON significantly decreased by 20.7% and 22.6% in N treatment, respectively, but DOC increased by 11.6%. In YHL, N addition treatment had no signi-ficant effect on C and N fractions in soil aggregates. Total carbon or nitrogen correlated well with the active C and N fractions in soil aggregates, with a great significant negative correlation between POC and DOC in HSL(r=-0.503) and a significant positive correlation between DOC and MBC(r=0.462). In HSL, the negative effect of N treatment on POC and PON and the positive effect on DOC was mainly attributed to the accelerated decomposition of POM by stimulating microbial activity. Soil C and N pools in HSL were more vulnerable to N deposition than that in YHL.
Nitrogen deposition is one of the most important factors affecting carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystem. A six-year N addition experiment was carried out to explore how N deposition affected C and N fractions in soil aggregates in the secondary aspen forest(YHL) and primary Korean pine broad-leaved forest(HSL). We investigagted the effects of N addition on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen(DOC and DON), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen(MBC and MBN), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen(POC and PON) in soil aggregates with different particle sizes. The results showed that the contents of carbon and nitrogen fractions generally increased with the decrease of particle sizes of soil aggregates except for POC and PON. In soil aggregates of HSL, POC and PON significantly decreased by 20.7% and 22.6% in N treatment, respectively, but DOC increased by 11.6%. In YHL, N addition treatment had no signi-ficant effect on C and N fractions in soil aggregates. Total carbon or nitrogen correlated well with the active C and N fractions in soil aggregates, with a great significant negative correlation between POC and DOC in HSL(r=-0.503) and a significant positive correlation between DOC and MBC(r=0.462). In HSL, the negative effect of N treatment on POC and PON and the positive effect on DOC was mainly attributed to the accelerated decomposition of POM by stimulating microbial activity. Soil C and N pools in HSL were more vulnerable to N deposition than that in YHL.
引文
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[25] Wang CG,Geng ZZ,Chen Z,et al.Six-year nitrogen-water interaction shifts the frequency distribution and size inequality of the first-order roots of Fraxinus mandschurica in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest.Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:1691,doi:org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01691
[26] Gunina A,Kuzyakov Y.Pathways of litter C by formation of aggregates and SOM density fractions:Implications from 13C natural abundance.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2014,71:95-104
[27] Madritch MD,Hunter MD.Intraspecific litter diversity and nitrogen deposition affect nutrient dynamics and soil respiration.Oecologia,2003,136:124-128
[28] Guo RH,Zheng JQ,Han SJ,et al.Carbon and nitrogen turnover in response to warming and nitrogen addition during early stages of forest litter decomposition:An incubation experiment.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2013,13:312-324
[29] Li XF,Hu YL,Han SJ,et al.Litterfall and litter chemi-stry change over time in an old-growth temperate forest,northeastern China.Annals of Forest Science,2010,67:1-8
[30] DeForest JL,Zak DR,Pregitzer KS,et al.Atmospheric nitrate deposition and the microbial degradation of cellobiose and vanillin in a northern hardwood forest.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2004,36:965-971
[31] Luce MS,Whalen JK,Ziadi N,et al.Labile organic nitrogen transformations in clay and sandy-loam soils amended with 15N-labelled faba bean and wheat residues.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2014,68:208-218
[32] Ma H-L (马红亮),Yan C-W (闫聪微),Gao R (高人),et al.Effects of litter removal and nitrogen addition on nitrogen dynamics in Chinese fir and broad-leaved forest soil.Research of Environmental Sciences (环境科学研究),2013,26(12):1316-1324 (in Chinese)
[33] Gundersen P,Emmett BA,Kjonaas OJ,et al.Impacts of nitrogen deposition on nitrogen cycling in forests:A synthesis of NITREX data.Forest Ecology and Management,1998,101:37-55
[34] Lin W (林伟),Ma H-L (马红亮),Pei G-T (裴广廷),et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in mid-subtropical forest.Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2016,29(1):67-76 (in Chinese)
[35] Huang L (黄丽),Zhang X-Y (张心昱),Sun X-M (孙晓敏),et al.Effects of different types of nitrogen addition on CO2 and N2O emissions in soil aggregates under broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报),2015,46(2):464-470 (in Chinese)
[36] Berg B,Matzner E.Effect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter in forest systems.Environmental Reviews,1997,5:1-25
[2] Jia YL,Yu GR,He NP,et al.Spatial and decadal varia-tions in inorganic nitrogen wet deposition in China induced by human activity.Scientific Reports,2014,4:1-7
[3] Waldrop MP,Zak DR,Sinsabaugh RL.Microbial community response to nitrogen deposition in northern forest ecosystems.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2004,36:1443-1451
[4] Wilson GW,Rice CW,Rillig MC,et al.Soil aggregation and carbon sequestration are tightly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi:Results from long term field experiments.Ecology Letters,2009,12:452-461
[5] Lu FM,Lu XT,Liu W,et al.Carbon and nitrogen storage in plant and soil as related to nitrogen and water amendment in a temperate steppe of northern China.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47:187-196
[6] Wang RZ,Filley TR,Xu ZW,et al.Coupled response of soil carbon and nitrogen pools and enzyme activities to nitrogen and water addition in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia.Plant and Soil,2014,381:323-336
[7] Neff JC,Townsend AR,Gleixner G,et al.Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon.Nature,2002,419:915-917
[8] Belay-Tedla A,Zhou XH,Su B,et al.Labile,recalcitrant,and microbial carbon and nitrogen pools of a tallgrass prairie soil in the US Great Plains subjected to experimental warming and clipping.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2009,41:110-116
[9] Zhang G-S (张国盛),Huang G-B (黄高宝).Soil organic carbon sequestration potential in cropland.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2005,25(2):351-357 (in Chinese)
[10] McLauchlan KK,Hobbie SE.Comparison of labile soil organic matter fractionation techniques.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68:1616-1625
[11] Rovira P,Vallejo VR.Labile,recalcitrant,and inert organic matter in Mediterranean forest soils.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2007,39:202-215
[12] Six J,Elliott ET,Paustian K.Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation:A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2000,32:2099-2103
[13] Jastrow JD,Amonette JE,Bailey VL.Mechanisms controlling soil carbon turnover and their potential application for enhancing carbon sequestration.Climatic Change,2007,80:5-23
[14] Li Q-J (李秋嘉),Xue Z-J (薛志婧),Zhou Z-C (周正朝).Effects of vegetation restoration on nutrient and microbial biomass of soil aggregates with different particle sizes in the loess hilly regions of Ningxia,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2019,30(1):137-145 (in Chinese).
[15] Ma J-H (马建辉),Ye X-H (叶旭红),Han C-D (韩昌东),et al.Effects of different low limits of irrigation on nutrients,enzyme activity and glomalin-related soil protein in soil aggregates of drip irrigation under plastic film.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(8):2713-2720 (in Chinese).
[16] Yao X (姚旭),Jing H (景航),Liang C-T (梁楚涛),et al.Response of labile organic carbon content in surface soil aggregates to short-term nitrogen addition in artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forests.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2017,37(20):6724-6731 (in Chinese)
[17] Cambardella CA,Elliott ET.Particulate soil organic matter across a grassland cultivation sequence.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56:777-783
[18] Sun Y (孙颖),Xu J-H (徐嘉晖),Gao F (高菲),et al.Organic carbon content and its distribution in aggregate-density fractions of forest soils in Changbai Mountain.Forest Engineering (森林工程),2018,34(2):1-5 (in Chinese)
[19] Yue L-Y (岳琳艳),Zheng J-Q (郑俊强),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Soil chemical properties and microbial community structure at different succession stages of temperate forest in Changebai Mountains.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2015,34(9):2590-2597 (in Chinese)
[20] Mangalassery S,Sjogersten S,Sparkes DL,et al.The effect of soil aggregate size on pore structure and its consequence on emission of greenhouse gases.Soil and Tillage Research,2013,132:39-46
[21] von Lutzow M,Kogel-Knabner I,Ekschmittb K,et al.SOM fractionation methods:Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2006,39:2183-2207
[22] Khalili B,Ogunseitan OA,Goulden ML,et al.Interactive effects of precipitation manipulation and nitrogen addition on soil properties in California grassland and shrubland.Applied Soil Ecology,2016,107:144-153
[23] Chen ZJ,Geng SC,Zhang JH,et al.Addition of nitrogen enhances stability of soil organic matter in a tempe-rate forest.European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68:189-199
[24] Li WB,Jin CJ,Guan DX,et al.The effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on plant root traits:A meta-analy-sis.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2015,82:112-118
[25] Wang CG,Geng ZZ,Chen Z,et al.Six-year nitrogen-water interaction shifts the frequency distribution and size inequality of the first-order roots of Fraxinus mandschurica in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest.Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:1691,doi:org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01691
[26] Gunina A,Kuzyakov Y.Pathways of litter C by formation of aggregates and SOM density fractions:Implications from 13C natural abundance.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2014,71:95-104
[27] Madritch MD,Hunter MD.Intraspecific litter diversity and nitrogen deposition affect nutrient dynamics and soil respiration.Oecologia,2003,136:124-128
[28] Guo RH,Zheng JQ,Han SJ,et al.Carbon and nitrogen turnover in response to warming and nitrogen addition during early stages of forest litter decomposition:An incubation experiment.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2013,13:312-324
[29] Li XF,Hu YL,Han SJ,et al.Litterfall and litter chemi-stry change over time in an old-growth temperate forest,northeastern China.Annals of Forest Science,2010,67:1-8
[30] DeForest JL,Zak DR,Pregitzer KS,et al.Atmospheric nitrate deposition and the microbial degradation of cellobiose and vanillin in a northern hardwood forest.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2004,36:965-971
[31] Luce MS,Whalen JK,Ziadi N,et al.Labile organic nitrogen transformations in clay and sandy-loam soils amended with 15N-labelled faba bean and wheat residues.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2014,68:208-218
[32] Ma H-L (马红亮),Yan C-W (闫聪微),Gao R (高人),et al.Effects of litter removal and nitrogen addition on nitrogen dynamics in Chinese fir and broad-leaved forest soil.Research of Environmental Sciences (环境科学研究),2013,26(12):1316-1324 (in Chinese)
[33] Gundersen P,Emmett BA,Kjonaas OJ,et al.Impacts of nitrogen deposition on nitrogen cycling in forests:A synthesis of NITREX data.Forest Ecology and Management,1998,101:37-55
[34] Lin W (林伟),Ma H-L (马红亮),Pei G-T (裴广廷),et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in mid-subtropical forest.Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2016,29(1):67-76 (in Chinese)
[35] Huang L (黄丽),Zhang X-Y (张心昱),Sun X-M (孙晓敏),et al.Effects of different types of nitrogen addition on CO2 and N2O emissions in soil aggregates under broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报),2015,46(2):464-470 (in Chinese)
[36] Berg B,Matzner E.Effect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter in forest systems.Environmental Reviews,1997,5:1-25
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