独流减河水体及沉积物质量评价
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摘要
基于2016年对独流减河及其主要支流的水质和沉积物调查数据,采用单因子评价法、综合指数评价法和修正的卡尔森营养指数法对独流减河及其主要支流水体和表层沉积物环境质量状况进行评价。结果显示:独流减河水质较差,属于劣V类(GB 3838—2002),其中西大洼排干、陈台子排水河和十米河等支流水体污染最严重,主要污染因子为总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_3-N)等;水体处于富营养化状态,其中67%的采样点水体呈重度富营养化;沉积物单因子评价结果显示,各采样点的表层沉积物均达到重污染水平,其中的主要污染物为氮、磷、铬、铜和镍。
Based on the investigation data of water quality and sediment quality of Duliujianhe River and its major tributaries in 2016, single-factor assessment method, composite-index assessment method, and modified Carlson trophic state index method were used to assess the environmental quality of water and surface sediment of Duliujianhe River and its major tributaries. The results show that the water quality of Duliujianhe River was bad and was worse than Grade V(GB 3838-2002). The heavily-polluted tributaries included Xidawa Drainage River, Chentaizi Drainage River, and Shimihe River. The main pollutants were total nitrogen(TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N), and chemical oxygen demand(COD). Eutrophication occurred in the whole river and 67% of the sampling sites were heavily eutrophic. Based on the results of the single-factor assessment method, the surface sediments were heavily contaminated and the major pollutants were nitrogen, phosphorus, chromium, copper, and nickel.
Based on the investigation data of water quality and sediment quality of Duliujianhe River and its major tributaries in 2016, single-factor assessment method, composite-index assessment method, and modified Carlson trophic state index method were used to assess the environmental quality of water and surface sediment of Duliujianhe River and its major tributaries. The results show that the water quality of Duliujianhe River was bad and was worse than Grade V(GB 3838-2002). The heavily-polluted tributaries included Xidawa Drainage River, Chentaizi Drainage River, and Shimihe River. The main pollutants were total nitrogen(TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N), and chemical oxygen demand(COD). Eutrophication occurred in the whole river and 67% of the sampling sites were heavily eutrophic. Based on the results of the single-factor assessment method, the surface sediments were heavily contaminated and the major pollutants were nitrogen, phosphorus, chromium, copper, and nickel.
引文
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[2] 王振杰.独流减河水生态和环境修复问题初探[J].海河水利,2006(2):26-27.
[3] 杨彪,王福,田立柱,等.独流减河盐沼210Pbexc和137CS剖面记录的现代洪水事件沉积[J].海洋学研究,2016,34(2):25-34.
[4] 王玮.独流减河水质变化规律及天然湿地净化效果研究[D].天津:天津大学,2016.
[5] 叶飞,周其文,刘书田,等.天津市主要河流水质调查与评价[J].环境卫生工程,2009,17(6):9-11.
[6] 杨虹.独流减河水环境污染特征及生态风险评价研究[D].天津:天津工业大学,2017.
[7] 卞少伟,赵文喜,杨洪玲,等.天津独流减河8月浮游植物群落结构与水质评价[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2017,27(4):44-47.
[8] 孟鑫,张洪,单保庆,等.独流减河流域表层沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2016(4):36-41.
[9] 孟鑫.独流减河流域表层沉积物典型有毒污染物分布特征及风险评价[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2016.
[10] 魏复盛.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[11] 史瑞和.土壤农化分析[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[12] 刘雷,杨帆,刘足根,等.微波消解ICP-AES法测定土壤及植物中的重金属[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):511-514.
[13] 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.中华人民共和国地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14] 王俊,姜建祥,杨彬,等.吉林省河流水质分析与评价[J].地理科学,1994,14(2):165-171.
[15] 谈旭初.依据污染分担率划分地表水污染类型的方法[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(4):7-8.
[16] 王明翠,刘雪芹.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[17] 罗昭林,朱长波,郭永坚,等.流沙湾表层沉积物中碳,氮,磷的分布特征和污染评价[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(3):1-8.
[18] Mudroch A,Azcue J.Manual of aquatic sediment sampling[M].CRC Press,Boca Raton,Florida,1995.
[19] N′Guessan Y M,Probst J L,Bur T,et al.Trace elements in stream bed sediments from agricultural catchments (Gascogne region,S-W France):where do they come from?[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(8):2 939-2 952.
[20] Reddy K R,Fisher M M,Ivanoff D.Resuspension and diffusive flux of nitrogen and phosphorus in a hypereutrophic lake[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,25(2):363-371.
[21] Li S,Zhang Q.Risk assessment and seasonal variations of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the upper Han River,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):1 051-1 058.
[22] Li S,Zhang Q.Spatial characterization of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the upper Han River (China) using multivariate statistical techniques[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,176(1-3):579-588.
[23] Zhang J.Heavy metal compositions of suspended sediments in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary:significance of riverine transport to the ocean[J].Continental Shelf Research,1999,19(12):1 521-1 543.
[24] Siegler K,Phillips B M,Anderson B S.Temporal and spatial trends in sediment contaminants associated with toxicity in California watersheds[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,206:1-6.
[25] 吴光红,朱兆洲,刘二保,等.天津城市排污河道沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):413-420.
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