喀斯特山区河流水环境容量核算与污染控制的单元化研究——以清水江流域鱼梁江河段为例
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摘要
以喀斯特山区清水江流域鱼梁江河段为研究对象,在查明地下水排泄与河流环境容量及其水质之间关系的基础上,采用Daniel趋势检验法和水量—水质同步估测模型等分析了流域水质变化及其污染负荷和核算了多水文情势下的水环境容量等。结果表明,流域污染负荷为:氨氮(NH_3-N)312.85 t/a,总磷(TP)274.91 t/a,氟化物(F~-)311.82 t/a,主要为城镇生活和工业污染排放且具明显空间分布特征。控制单元Ⅰ的F~-浓度显著下降,水环境容量未超载;控制单元Ⅱ和Ⅲ的TP、F~-和NH_3-N浓度均显著下降,前者水环境容量均超载,后者TP为过载状态;控制单元Ⅳ主要污染物浓度无明显升降趋势,但TP和F~-出现超载,TP严重超载为枯竭状态;控制单元Ⅴ的TP和F~-浓度显著下降,水环境容量均为超载状态,亟待实施NH_3-N、TP和F~-污染物总量控制和精准削减措施。
In this project, Yuliangjiang River section in Qingshuijiang River Basin is investigated in karst mountain areas. Based on the identification of relationship between groundwater discharge and river water environmental capacity(WEC)and its water quality, the water quality trend and pollution load is analyzed with Daniel trend analytical method and synchronized estimation model of water quantity and quality. And the WEC is calculated in multi-hydrological situation. The results show that the pollution load of ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F~-) is 312.85, 274.91 and 311.82 t/a in the basin, respectively. These pollutants originate mainly from industrial and urban sewage and characterized by obvious spatial distribution. In control Unit Ⅰ, the concentrations of fluoride had a significant decrease, the WEC of the main pollutants was not overloaded. In control Units Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the concentrations of TP, F~- and NH_3-N, had a considerable decrease, the former's WEC of the main pollutants were overloaded, the latter's WEC of TP was overloaded. In control Unit Ⅳ, the concentrations of the main pollutants had not a remarkable increase or decrease, but the WEC of TP and F~- were overloaded, and WEC overload of TP was exhausted. In control Unit Ⅴ, the concentrations of TP and F~- had a remarkable decrease,the WEC of the main pollutants were overloaded, these five control units need to be implemented for total pollutant control including NH_3-N, TP as well as F-,and accurate reduction measures.
In this project, Yuliangjiang River section in Qingshuijiang River Basin is investigated in karst mountain areas. Based on the identification of relationship between groundwater discharge and river water environmental capacity(WEC)and its water quality, the water quality trend and pollution load is analyzed with Daniel trend analytical method and synchronized estimation model of water quantity and quality. And the WEC is calculated in multi-hydrological situation. The results show that the pollution load of ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F~-) is 312.85, 274.91 and 311.82 t/a in the basin, respectively. These pollutants originate mainly from industrial and urban sewage and characterized by obvious spatial distribution. In control Unit Ⅰ, the concentrations of fluoride had a significant decrease, the WEC of the main pollutants was not overloaded. In control Units Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the concentrations of TP, F~- and NH_3-N, had a considerable decrease, the former's WEC of the main pollutants were overloaded, the latter's WEC of TP was overloaded. In control Unit Ⅳ, the concentrations of the main pollutants had not a remarkable increase or decrease, but the WEC of TP and F~- were overloaded, and WEC overload of TP was exhausted. In control Unit Ⅴ, the concentrations of TP and F~- had a remarkable decrease,the WEC of the main pollutants were overloaded, these five control units need to be implemented for total pollutant control including NH_3-N, TP as well as F-,and accurate reduction measures.
引文
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[2] Krom M D.An Evaluation of the Concept of Assimilative Capacity as Applied to Marine Waters[J].Ambio,1986,15(4):208-214.
[3] Johnhoornbeek,Evanhansen,Evanringquist,et al.Implementing Water Pollution Policy in the United States:Total Maximum Daily Loads and Collaborative Watershed Management[J].Society & Natural Resources,2013,26(4):420-436.
[4] Borisova T,Collins A,D’souza G,et al.A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation[J].Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2010,44(4):1 009-1 023.
[5] 邢乃春,陈捍华.TMDL计划的背景、发展进程及组成框架[J].水利科技与经济,2005,11(9):534-537.
[6] 黄圣授.高屏溪涵容能力之评估[D].台湾高雄:中山大学(台湾),2001:1-8.
[7] 张永良,刘培哲.水环境容量综合手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991:138-145.
[8] 李晓玲,吴波.南水北调中线水源区汉江流域水环境容量研究[J].水土保持通报,2009(6):221-224.
[9] 张荔,孙程,林金辉,等.WASP6水质模型在渭河流域水环境容量解析中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006,17(6):12-14.
[10] 尤作亮,蒋红花.概率稀释模型及其在污染物总量控制中的应用[J].城市环境与城市生态,1995(4):29-31.
[11] 胡炳清.应用概率稀释模型计算允许纳污量[J].环境科学研究,1992(5):23-27.
[12] 刘江,贾尔恒·阿哈提,程艳.水质响应模型与规划法耦合测算湖泊环境容量[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(9):16-19.
[13] 尹念辅,李铁松,左云霞,等.基于盲数理论的四川省西充河水环境容量研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):233-237.
[14] Patil A,Deng Z Q.Bayesian approach to estimating margin of safety for total maximum daily load development[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):910-918.
[15] Lemly A D.A procedure for setting environmentally safe total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for selenium[J].Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,2002,52(2):123-127.
[16] Wieriks K,Schulte-Wülwer-Leidig A.Integrated water management for the Rhine river basin,from pollution prevention to ecosystem improvement[J].Natural Resources Forum,2010,21(2):147-156.
[17] 高娟,李贵宝,华珞,等.日本水环境标准及其对我国的启示[J].中国水利,2005(11):41-43.
[18] 孟伟,张楠,张远,等.流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅰ):控制单元的总量控制技术[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):1-8.
[19] 孟伟,刘征涛,张楠,等.流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅱ):水环境基准、标准与总量控制[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(1):1-8.
[20] 孟伟,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅲ):水环境流域监控技术研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(1):9-16.
[21] 孟伟,王海燕,王业耀.流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅳ):控制单元的水污染物排放限值与削减技术评估[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(2):1-9.
[22] 孟伟,张远,王西琴,等.流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅴ).水污染防治的环境经济政策[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(4):1-9.
[23] 张永良.水环境容量基本概念的发展[J].环境科学研究,1992,5(3):59-61.
[24] 孟伟.流域水污染物总量控制技术与示范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[25] 何绍福,邢淑晶,郑鹏,等.福建沙溪沙县段水环境容量研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(3):411-415.
[26] 张剑,付意成,韩会玲.浑太河流域动态水环境容量设计水文条件研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(3):75-80.
[27] 杜慧玲,于晓英,曲茉莉.松花江干流哈尔滨段COD和氨氮动态水环境容量研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(2):69-75,83.
[28] 宋为威,逄勇.基于国考七桥瓮断面水质达标秦淮河流域水环境容量计算[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(10):80-84.
[29] 鲍琨,逄勇,孙瀚.基于控制断面水质达标的水环境容量计算方法研究:以殷村港为例[J].资源科学,2011,33(2):249-252.
[30] 李响,陆君,钱敏蕾,等.流域污染负荷解析与环境容量研究:以安徽太平湖流域为例[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2 063-2 070.
[31] 饶清华,林秀珠,陈文花.闽江流域水环境容量紧缺度分析[J].环境工程,2018,239(5):180-184.
[32] 邢立亭,武强,徐军祥,等.地下水环境容量初探:以济南泉域为例[J].地质通报,2009,28(1):124-129.
[33] 李永军,陈余道,孙涛.地理信息模型方法初探河流环境容量:以漓江桂林市区段为例[J].水科学进展,2005,16(2):280-283.
[34] 李永军,彭苏萍,陈余道,等.漓江桂林市区段水环境自净容量地理信息模型探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):596-599.
[35] 邢立亭,张建芝,周瑞,等.济南泉域地下水环境容量研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(10):10-13.
[36] 袁道先,薛禹群,傅家谟,等.我西南岩溶地区地下河面临变成“下水道”威胁加强保护和污染治理需从国家层面尽快做出决策[J].科学新闻,2007:7-9.
[37] 刘秀花,胡安焱.汉江丹江口水库水质变化趋势研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(15):36-38.
[38] 邓仁昌,谢善何,陈盛.松涛水库水质现状评价及污染变化趋势分析[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(23):7 379-7 380.
[39] 倪彬,李旭东,王红磊,等.岷江下游水环境质量评价与变化趋势分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(S2):172-176.
[40] 金陶陶.流域水污染防治控制单元划分研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[41] Lin Y C,Jr M a M.Incorporating transient storage in conjunctive stream-aquifer modeling[J].Advances in Water Resources,2003,26(9):1 001-1 019.
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