台风过程中太湖藻类富集区氨基酸的变化特征
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摘要
频繁的水动力扰动是大型浅水富营养化湖泊——太湖的一个重要环境特征;氨基酸作为易被生物利用的碳氮源,是湖泊生态系统重要组分之一,影响着湖泊中生源要素循环。因此,研究台风过程中藻类富集区氨基酸浓度和组分的变化,有助于更好地揭示蓝藻水华的形成机制。于2015年7月9-14日台风"灿鸿"经过太湖期间,测定了风速、风向、理化指标以及沉积物氨基酸(SAA)、水体中颗粒态氨基酸(PAA)和溶解态氨基酸(DAA)浓度及组成,分析了水体和沉积物中氨基酸浓度、组分和形态的变化规律。研究发现,SAA浓度在台风期呈现先下降后回升的趋势。DAA浓度在台风期浓度较低,在2.97-3.40μmol·L~(-1)之间,而在台风后迅速增至7.36μmol·L~(-1)。在台风期,表层和底层PAA浓度分别从7.98μmol·L~(-1)和7.03μmol·L~(-1)增加至109.00μmol·L~(-1)和66.00μmol·L~(-1);在台风后期随着蓝藻水华的爆发,表层和底层PAA浓度分别增加到588.28μmol·L~(-1)和246.63μmol·L~(-1)。台风过程氨基酸组分以GLY(甘氨酸)和ALA(丙氨酸)为主,组分变化主要受到台风后期蓝藻水华的影响。研究结果表明,台风过程中太湖藻类富集区氨基酸的变化先由沉积物再悬浮释放,随后为沉积物、其他湖区蓝藻迁入和自身降解特性等因素共同影响导致。
Frequent hydrodynamic disturbance is an important environmental feature of Lake Taihu. Amino acids are one of the important components of lake ecosystem which can be used easily as carbon and nitrogen sources, thus affect the recycling of biogenic elements in lakes. Therefore, studying the variations of amino acid content and composition in algal rich areas during typhoon period is conducive to better understanding the mechanism of cyanobacteria bloom. We measured the wind speed and direction, physicochemical indexes, concentrations and compositions of amino acids when typhoon "Chan-hom" moved across Lake Taihu from July 9, 2015 to July 14, 2015. Meanwhile, we analysed the relationship of variety of concentrations, compositions and pattern of amino acids in water column and sediments. The results showed that the concentration of sediment amino acids(SAA) declined from 86.9 mmol·kg~(-1) to 70.7 mmol·kg~(-1) initially and then returned to the level of initial state(82.9 mmol·kg~(-1)). The concentration of dissolved amino acids(DAA) was low in the progress of typhoon, between 2.97 μmol·L~(-1) and 3.40 μmol·L~(-1). After typhoon period, the DAA increased rapidly and peaked at 7.36 μmol·L~(-1). During the typhoon period, initial concentrations of particulate amino acids(PAA) were 7.98 μmol·L~(-1) in the surface water and 7.03 μmol·L~(-1) in bottom water of the lake. The PAA concentration in surface and bottom water increased up to 109 μmol·L~(-1) and 66 μmol·L~(-1), respectively, at the end of the typhoon period. During the post-typhoon period, the PAA concentration in bottom water peaked at 246.63 μmol·L~(-1), while the PAA in surface water increased dramatically to 588.28 μmol·L~(-1). The main components of amino acids were GLY and ALA. The variations of amino acids composition were affected mainly by cyanobacteria bloom in the late stage of typhoon. Our results demonstrated that the variations of amino acids in Lake Taihu during the process of typhoon were firstly affected by resuspension of sediments and then by the combinations of sediments, migration of cyanobacteria from other lake regions and characteristics of algal self-degradation.
Frequent hydrodynamic disturbance is an important environmental feature of Lake Taihu. Amino acids are one of the important components of lake ecosystem which can be used easily as carbon and nitrogen sources, thus affect the recycling of biogenic elements in lakes. Therefore, studying the variations of amino acid content and composition in algal rich areas during typhoon period is conducive to better understanding the mechanism of cyanobacteria bloom. We measured the wind speed and direction, physicochemical indexes, concentrations and compositions of amino acids when typhoon "Chan-hom" moved across Lake Taihu from July 9, 2015 to July 14, 2015. Meanwhile, we analysed the relationship of variety of concentrations, compositions and pattern of amino acids in water column and sediments. The results showed that the concentration of sediment amino acids(SAA) declined from 86.9 mmol·kg~(-1) to 70.7 mmol·kg~(-1) initially and then returned to the level of initial state(82.9 mmol·kg~(-1)). The concentration of dissolved amino acids(DAA) was low in the progress of typhoon, between 2.97 μmol·L~(-1) and 3.40 μmol·L~(-1). After typhoon period, the DAA increased rapidly and peaked at 7.36 μmol·L~(-1). During the typhoon period, initial concentrations of particulate amino acids(PAA) were 7.98 μmol·L~(-1) in the surface water and 7.03 μmol·L~(-1) in bottom water of the lake. The PAA concentration in surface and bottom water increased up to 109 μmol·L~(-1) and 66 μmol·L~(-1), respectively, at the end of the typhoon period. During the post-typhoon period, the PAA concentration in bottom water peaked at 246.63 μmol·L~(-1), while the PAA in surface water increased dramatically to 588.28 μmol·L~(-1). The main components of amino acids were GLY and ALA. The variations of amino acids composition were affected mainly by cyanobacteria bloom in the late stage of typhoon. Our results demonstrated that the variations of amino acids in Lake Taihu during the process of typhoon were firstly affected by resuspension of sediments and then by the combinations of sediments, migration of cyanobacteria from other lake regions and characteristics of algal self-degradation.
引文
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GRIFFITHS J A,ZHU F F,CHAN F K,et al.,2019.Modelling the impact of sea-level rise on urban flood probability in SE China[J].Geoscience Frontiers,10(2):363-372.
LI T,WANG D S,ZHANG B,et al.,2007.Morphological characterization of suspended particles under wind-induced disturbance in Taihu Lake,China[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,127(1-3):79-86.
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MüNSTER U,1993.Concentrations and fluxes of organic carbon substrates in the aquatic environment[J].Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek,63(3-4):243-274.
NIXDORF B,DENEKE R,1997.Why’very shallow‘lakes are more successful opposing reduced nutrient loads[J].Hydrobiologia,342:269-284.
RIC?O CANELHAS M,EILER A,BERTILSSON S,2016.Are freshwater bacterioplankton indifferent to variable types of amino acid substrates?[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,92(2):fiw005.
SCHWEITZER B,HUBER I,AMANN R,et al.,2001.α-andβ-Proteobacteria Control the Consumption and Release of Amino Acids on Lake Snow Aggregates[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,67(2):632-645.
THOMAS J,KOWALCZYK C,SOMASUNDARAM B,1990.The biochemical ecology of Biomphalaria glabrata,a freshwater pulmonate mollusc:The uptake and assimilation of exogenous glucose and maltose[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part APhysiology,95(4):511-528.
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WU T,QIN B,ZHU G,et al.,2013.Dynamics of cyanobacterial bloom formation during short-term hydrodynamic fluctuation in a large shallow,eutrophic,and wind-exposed Lake Taihu,China[J].Environmental science and pollution research,20(12):8546-8556.
WU X D,KONG F X,CHEN Y W,et al.,2010.Horizontal distribution and transport processes of bloom-forming Microcystis in a large shallow lake(Taihu,China)[J].Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,40(1):8-15.
YAO X,ZHU G W,CAI L L,et al.,2012.Geochemical characteristics of amino acids in sediments of lake Taihu,a large,shallow,eutrophic freshwater lake of China[J].Aquatic Geochemistry,18(3):263-280.
ZHAO Y,SHAN B Q,TANG W Z,et al.,2015.Nitrogen mineralization and geochemical characteristics of amino acids in surface sediments of a typical polluted area in the Haihe River Basin,China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,22(22):17975-17986.
ZHENG S S,WANG P F,WANG C,et al.,2015.Sediment resuspension under action of wind in Taihu Lake,China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,30(1):48-62.
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