密闭蛋鸡舍内NH_3浓度变化规律及其影响因子分析
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摘要
鸡舍中的NH_3已成为影响人畜健康的重要污染物,为了解蛋鸡养殖环境中NH_3浓度变化规律,采用便携式畜禽舍环境动态监测仪对密闭笼养蛋鸡舍内NH_3浓度和温湿度等指标进行测定,分析其变化规律及其与环境因子之间的相互关系。结果表明:试验鸡舍内日平均温度春季为(20.9±1.3)℃、夏季为(24.3±0.8)℃、秋季为(20.4±0.9)℃、冬季为(14.7±0.9)℃;日平均相对湿度春季为37.7%±4.9%、夏季为70.7%±3.0%、秋季为52.6%±3.4%、冬季为52.6%±1.6%;日平均NH_3浓度春季为(2.46±1.01)mg·m~(-3)、夏季为(0.03±0.02)mg·m~(-3)、秋季为(4.72±1.73)mg·m~(-3)、冬季为(3.05±0.41)mg·m~(-3)。不同季节鸡舍内NH_3浓度与温度和相对湿度均呈现一定的相关性,在高温条件下,鸡舍内NH_3浓度随湿度的升高而增高,而在低温条件下,鸡舍内NH_3浓度则随湿度的升高而降低。研究表明,环境的温湿度对鸡舍内NH_3浓度影响很大,对鸡舍内温湿度的科学管理和合理调节是降低舍内NH_3浓度的关键。
Large-scale egg-production facilities are emission sources of various gases and particulate matter. Ammonia is one of the main gases emitted from laying hen houses. The ammonia emissions from housing systems for laying hens must be reduced to abate environmen?tal damage. A study was conducted to monitor the concentration of NH_3, temperature and relative humidity in layer house. Then the relation?ship between the concentration of NH_3 and environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the average daily temperature was(20.9±1.3)℃,(24.3±0.8)℃,(20.4±0.9)℃, and(14.7±0.9)℃ in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. And the average dai?ly relative humidity was 37.7%±4.9% in spring, 70.7%±3.0% in summer, 52.6%±3.4% in autumn and 52.6%±1.6% in winter. And the av?erage daily concentration of ammonia was(2.46±1.01)mg·m~(-3) in spring,(0.03±0.02)mg·m~(-3) in summer,(4.72±1.73)mg·m~(-3) in autumn and(3.05±0.41)mg·m~(-3) in winter. The concentration of ammonia in the layer house in different seasons had a certain correlation with the temperature and relative humidity. The change of the ambient temperature and humidity influenced the concentration of ammonia in the layer house. It was observed that ammonia emission rates in summer were lower than in winter because the high airflow stabilized the manure by drying it. The reductions due to lower moisture content were greater than the increase due to higher temperature.
Large-scale egg-production facilities are emission sources of various gases and particulate matter. Ammonia is one of the main gases emitted from laying hen houses. The ammonia emissions from housing systems for laying hens must be reduced to abate environmen?tal damage. A study was conducted to monitor the concentration of NH_3, temperature and relative humidity in layer house. Then the relation?ship between the concentration of NH_3 and environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the average daily temperature was(20.9±1.3)℃,(24.3±0.8)℃,(20.4±0.9)℃, and(14.7±0.9)℃ in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. And the average dai?ly relative humidity was 37.7%±4.9% in spring, 70.7%±3.0% in summer, 52.6%±3.4% in autumn and 52.6%±1.6% in winter. And the av?erage daily concentration of ammonia was(2.46±1.01)mg·m~(-3) in spring,(0.03±0.02)mg·m~(-3) in summer,(4.72±1.73)mg·m~(-3) in autumn and(3.05±0.41)mg·m~(-3) in winter. The concentration of ammonia in the layer house in different seasons had a certain correlation with the temperature and relative humidity. The change of the ambient temperature and humidity influenced the concentration of ammonia in the layer house. It was observed that ammonia emission rates in summer were lower than in winter because the high airflow stabilized the manure by drying it. The reductions due to lower moisture content were greater than the increase due to higher temperature.
引文
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[17]申李琰,萨仁娜,牛晋国,等.层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍秋冬季节环境参数研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(5):1565-1570.SHEN Li-yan,SAREN Na,NIU Jin-guo,et al.Study on environmental quality parameters in broiler house with three-overlap cages in winter and autumn[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(5):1565-1570.
[18]申李琰,牛晋国,刘文革,等.层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍环境参数分布规律研究[J].中国家禽,2016,38(18):37-41.SHEN Li-yan,NIU Jin-guo,LIU Wen-ge,et al.Study on distribution characteristics of environmental quality parameters in broiler house with three-overlap cages[J].China Poultry,2016,38(18):37-41.
[19]程秀花,毛罕平,赵国琦,等.冬季密闭鸡舍温湿度和氨气浓度分布规律研究[J].农机化研究,2012,40(12):210-213.CHENG Xiu-hua,MAO Han-ping,ZHAO Guo-qi,et al.Study on distribution characteristics of temperature and humidity and ammonia inside henhouse in winter[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,40(12):210-213.
[2]王占文,邓力,于福贵,等.早春季节畜禽舍内有害气体产生的原因、危害及防控措施[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(1):100.WANG Zhan-wen,DENG Li,YU Fu-gui,et al.Reasons,hazards and control measures of harmful gases in livestock houses during early spring season[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts,2017,33(1):100.
[3]张石锐.畜禽生产环境中主要有害气体监测方法研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014.ZHANG Shi-rui.Monitoring methods research for harmful gases in livestock production environment[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2014.
[4]张莹莹,刘春青,刘晓辉,等.畜禽舍有害气体的来源及其常用消毒方法[J].饲料博览,2014(3):11-13.ZHANG Ying-ying,LIU Chun-qing,LIU Xiao-hui,et al.The source of harmful gas in livestock environment and disinfection methods[J].Feed Review,2014(3):11-13.
[5]Meda B,Hassouna M,Aubert C,et al.Influence of rearing conditions and manure management practices on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from poultry houses[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2011,67(3):441-456.
[6]Fournel S,Pelletier F,Godbout S,et al.Odour emissions,hedonic tones and ammonia emissions from three cage layer housing systems[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,112(3):181-191.
[7]Ni J Q,Chai L L,Chen L D,et al.Characteristics of ammonia,hydrogen sulfide,carbon dioxide,and particulate matter concentrations in high-rise and manure-belt layer hen houses[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,57:165-174.
[8]Le Bouquin S,Huneau-Salaun A,Huonnic,D,et al.Aerial dust concentration in cage-housed,floor-housed,and aviary facilities for laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(11):2827-2833.
[9]宋弋,王忠,姚中磊,等.氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血氨和尿酸的影响研究[J].中国家禽,2008,30(13):10-16.SONG Yi,WANG Zhong,YAO Zhong-lei,et al.Effects of atmospheric ammonia on growth performance,plasma ammonia and uric acid in broilers[J].China Poultry,2008,30(13):10-16.
[10]吴迪梅,刘薇,张丽丽.氨气对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].北京农业,2012(9):42-44.WU Di-mei,LIU Wei,ZHANG Li-li.Ammonia to chicken production performance influence[J].Beijing Agriculture,2012(9):42-44.
[11]Zhao Y,Xin H W,Timothy A,et al.Thermal environment,ammonia concentrations,and ammonia emissions of aviary houses with white laying hens[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2013,56(3):1145-1156.
[12]Kilic I,Yaslioglu E.Ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations in a layer house[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(8):1211-1218.
[13]邵丹,贺娇,施寿荣,等.垫料厚度对鸡舍氨气、二氧化碳和粉尘的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(1):59-60.SHAO Dan,HE Jiao,SHI Shou-rong,et al.Effects of bedding thickness on ammonia,carbon dioxide and dust in a layer house[J].China Poultry,2015,37(1):59-60.
[14]王世鹏,毛罕平,王新忠,等.冬季鸡舍内NH3的空间分布规律[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(10):52-55.WANG Shi-peng,MAO Han-ping,WANG Xin-zhong,et al.Distribution of NH3 in poultry houses in winter[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2008,40(10):52-55.
[15]李琴,刘鹏,刘中英,等.影响鸡舍氨气排放的主要因素[J].中国家禽,2017,39(5):45-49.LI Qin,LIU Peng,LIU Zhong-ying,et al.Main factors influencing the ammonia emission of poultry house[J].China Poultry,2017,39(5):45-49.
[16]杨选将,刘盛楠,詹凯,等.八层层叠式笼养蛋鸡舍夏季环境质量参数测定与相关性分析[J].中国家禽,2015,37(10):26-29.YANG Xuan-jiang,LIU Sheng-nan,ZHAN Kai,et al.Measurement of environmental quality parameters and its correlation analysis of layer house with eight overlap tiers cages in summer[J].China Poultry,2015,37(10):26-29.
[17]申李琰,萨仁娜,牛晋国,等.层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍秋冬季节环境参数研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(5):1565-1570.SHEN Li-yan,SAREN Na,NIU Jin-guo,et al.Study on environmental quality parameters in broiler house with three-overlap cages in winter and autumn[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(5):1565-1570.
[18]申李琰,牛晋国,刘文革,等.层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍环境参数分布规律研究[J].中国家禽,2016,38(18):37-41.SHEN Li-yan,NIU Jin-guo,LIU Wen-ge,et al.Study on distribution characteristics of environmental quality parameters in broiler house with three-overlap cages[J].China Poultry,2016,38(18):37-41.
[19]程秀花,毛罕平,赵国琦,等.冬季密闭鸡舍温湿度和氨气浓度分布规律研究[J].农机化研究,2012,40(12):210-213.CHENG Xiu-hua,MAO Han-ping,ZHAO Guo-qi,et al.Study on distribution characteristics of temperature and humidity and ammonia inside henhouse in winter[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,40(12):210-213.