论民法典中保理合同典型义务条款的设计——以《民法典合同编(草案)(二次审议稿)》第525条之一第1款为中心
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摘要
保理合同之所以能够自成一体,原因就在于其典型义务具有独特性。民法典要实现保理合同典型化,首要的任务是设计好保理合同的典型义务。在《民法典合同编(草案)(二次审议稿)》中,这个任务是由第525条之一的第1款承担的。本款首先把应收账款债权人向保理人转让应收账款确立为保理合同的典型义务。这一做法符合比较法和现行法的规定,具有正当性。其次,还把保理人向应收账款债权人"提供资金融通和应收账款的管理或者催收以及应收账款债务人付款保证等服务"作为保理合同的典型义务加以规定。其中,该款将保理人提供的服务列举为数种是合适的,而应当进一步明确的是在这数种服务中,保理人要至少提供其中一项才能够成立保理合同。
Factoring contract is in a class by itself,with view to its unique characteristic obligations.It is important for regulation of factoring contract by Civil Code to draft rules on its characteristic obligation.In Book Contract in Civil Code(second draft for approval),this obligation is specified in Article 525-1(1).Firstly,this paragraph provides that the client shall assign receivables to the factor,which is one of the characteristic obligations of factoring contract.This obligation is justified by comparative law and existing law.Moreover,Article 525-1(1)requires that the factor has the obligation of performing services,such as financing,maintenance or collection of receivables,protection against bad debts,which is typical of factoring contract.In this paragraph,the services performed by the factoring is not limited to one category,which is justified.However,it should clearly provides that the factoring shall perform at least one the above mentioned services.
Factoring contract is in a class by itself,with view to its unique characteristic obligations.It is important for regulation of factoring contract by Civil Code to draft rules on its characteristic obligation.In Book Contract in Civil Code(second draft for approval),this obligation is specified in Article 525-1(1).Firstly,this paragraph provides that the client shall assign receivables to the factor,which is one of the characteristic obligations of factoring contract.This obligation is justified by comparative law and existing law.Moreover,Article 525-1(1)requires that the factor has the obligation of performing services,such as financing,maintenance or collection of receivables,protection against bad debts,which is typical of factoring contract.In this paragraph,the services performed by the factoring is not limited to one category,which is justified.However,it should clearly provides that the factoring shall perform at least one the above mentioned services.
引文
[1]韩世远.合同法总论(第4版)[M].北京:法律出版社,2018.
[2]史尚宽.债法总论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000.
[3]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法(第五版)[M].北京:法律出版社,2007.
[4]黄伟力.法律逻辑学导论[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2011.
[5]张斌峰,等.法律逻辑学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2010.
[6]王泽鉴:债法原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2013.
[7]龙卫球.债的本质研究:以债务人关系为起点[J].中国法学,2005,(6).
[8]陈自强.契约之内容与消灭(第3版)[M].台北:元照出版有限公司,2016.
[9]Barbara Grundewald.Kaufrecht[M].Berlin:Mohr Siebeck,2006,§3.
[10]田浩为.保理法律问题研究[J].法律适用,2015,(5).
[11]石俊志.国际保理[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1993.
[12]UNIDROIT 1976-Study LVIII-Doc.1[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1976/study58/s-58-01-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[13]N.Orkun Akseli.International Security Transactions Law[M].London:Routledge,2011.
[14]Ewan McKendrick,Roy Goode.Goode on Commercial Law 5th Edition 2017[M].London:Penguin Books,2017.
[15]Andreas Bergmann,et al..J.von Staudigers Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsges-etzund Nebengesetzen,Buch 2 Recht der Schuldverh?l-tnisse§§657-704[M].Deutschland:De Guyter,2006,§657.
[16]方新军.现代社会中的新合同研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[17]UNIDROIT 1979-Study LVIII-Doc.8[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1979/study58/s-58-08-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[18]UNIDROIT 1982-Study LVIII-Doc.10[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1982/study58/s-58-10-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[19]UNIDROIT 1983-Study LVIII-Doc.14[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1983/study58/s-58-14-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[20]夏征农,陈至立.辞海(第六版缩印本)[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2010.
[21]UNIDROIT 1982-Study LVIII-Doc.12[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1982/study58/s-58-12-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[22]UNIDROIT 1982-Study LVIII-Doc.13[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1982/study58/s-58-13-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
(1)《民法典各分编(草案)》共六编1034条,顺序为物权编、合同编、人格权编、婚姻家庭编、继承编、侵权责任编。参见《六编1034条民法典各分编草案亮相》,载《法制日报》2018年8月28日。
(2)参见Staudinger/Mülbert(2015),§488,Rn 738;UNIDROIT 1976—Study LVIII—Doc.1,https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1976/study58/s-58-01-e.pdf,2013年5月6日。
(3)参见Staudinger/Mülbert(2015),§488,Rn 739;UNIDROIT 1976-Study LVIII-Doc.1,https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1976/study58/s-58-01-e.pdf,2013年5月6日。
(4)参见UNIDROIT 1987—Study LVIII—Doc.33,https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1987/study58/s-58-33-e.pdf,Explanation Report on the Unidroit Daft Convention on International Factoring,2013年5月6日。
(5)CIF Article 1 2(a),GRIF 1.01,FML 1.2.2。
(6)参见《商业银行保理业务管理暂行办法》第6条第1款,《天津高院保理纠纷纪要(一)》第2条第1款及《前海法院保理纠纷指引》第1条第1款。
(7)参见Goode on Commercial Law,5th ed.,2016,P.819;Noel Ruddy,Simon Mills,Nigel Davidson,Salinger on Factoring,4th.ed.,Sweet & Maxwell,2006,P.Z。
[2]史尚宽.债法总论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000.
[3]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法(第五版)[M].北京:法律出版社,2007.
[4]黄伟力.法律逻辑学导论[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2011.
[5]张斌峰,等.法律逻辑学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2010.
[6]王泽鉴:债法原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2013.
[7]龙卫球.债的本质研究:以债务人关系为起点[J].中国法学,2005,(6).
[8]陈自强.契约之内容与消灭(第3版)[M].台北:元照出版有限公司,2016.
[9]Barbara Grundewald.Kaufrecht[M].Berlin:Mohr Siebeck,2006,§3.
[10]田浩为.保理法律问题研究[J].法律适用,2015,(5).
[11]石俊志.国际保理[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1993.
[12]UNIDROIT 1976-Study LVIII-Doc.1[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1976/study58/s-58-01-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[13]N.Orkun Akseli.International Security Transactions Law[M].London:Routledge,2011.
[14]Ewan McKendrick,Roy Goode.Goode on Commercial Law 5th Edition 2017[M].London:Penguin Books,2017.
[15]Andreas Bergmann,et al..J.von Staudigers Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsges-etzund Nebengesetzen,Buch 2 Recht der Schuldverh?l-tnisse§§657-704[M].Deutschland:De Guyter,2006,§657.
[16]方新军.现代社会中的新合同研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[17]UNIDROIT 1979-Study LVIII-Doc.8[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1979/study58/s-58-08-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[18]UNIDROIT 1982-Study LVIII-Doc.10[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1982/study58/s-58-10-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[19]UNIDROIT 1983-Study LVIII-Doc.14[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1983/study58/s-58-14-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[20]夏征农,陈至立.辞海(第六版缩印本)[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2010.
[21]UNIDROIT 1982-Study LVIII-Doc.12[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1982/study58/s-58-12-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
[22]UNIDROIT 1982-Study LVIII-Doc.13[EB/OL].https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1982/study58/s-58-13-e.pdf,2013-05-06.
(1)《民法典各分编(草案)》共六编1034条,顺序为物权编、合同编、人格权编、婚姻家庭编、继承编、侵权责任编。参见《六编1034条民法典各分编草案亮相》,载《法制日报》2018年8月28日。
(2)参见Staudinger/Mülbert(2015),§488,Rn 738;UNIDROIT 1976—Study LVIII—Doc.1,https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1976/study58/s-58-01-e.pdf,2013年5月6日。
(3)参见Staudinger/Mülbert(2015),§488,Rn 739;UNIDROIT 1976-Study LVIII-Doc.1,https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1976/study58/s-58-01-e.pdf,2013年5月6日。
(4)参见UNIDROIT 1987—Study LVIII—Doc.33,https://www.unidroit.org/english/documents/1987/study58/s-58-33-e.pdf,Explanation Report on the Unidroit Daft Convention on International Factoring,2013年5月6日。
(5)CIF Article 1 2(a),GRIF 1.01,FML 1.2.2。
(6)参见《商业银行保理业务管理暂行办法》第6条第1款,《天津高院保理纠纷纪要(一)》第2条第1款及《前海法院保理纠纷指引》第1条第1款。
(7)参见Goode on Commercial Law,5th ed.,2016,P.819;Noel Ruddy,Simon Mills,Nigel Davidson,Salinger on Factoring,4th.ed.,Sweet & Maxwell,2006,P.Z。