基于模态灵敏度的柴油机传动箱结构改进设计
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摘要
传动箱是柴油机上用于包络传动机构的壳类部件,在评价柴油机整机刚度的模态试验过程中,整机的多个低阶模态振型均显示为传动箱局部模态,进而发现传动箱对柴油机整机刚度的影响较大。基于上述实际问题,在利用试验模态法验证传动箱有限元模型有效的基础上,通过对该柴油机传动箱结构进行模态计算,分析了其动态特性,并进一步以传动箱一阶模态的频率和最大模态变形为响应指标,以传动箱宽度等七种主要结构参数为设计变量进行了灵敏度分析,结果表明传动箱壁厚是影响其刚度的关键因素。然后从传动箱壁厚角度提出了10种传动箱结构改进设计方案,并以模态频率和结构质量变化等指标对比分析得到改进方案4(传动箱壁厚增量为0.5mm)为最优设计方案。研究表明:传动箱壁厚参数是影响传动箱结构刚度的关键因素,而传动箱结构刚度对柴油机整机刚度的影响较大,文中将灵敏度分析、模态试验、数值模拟相结合的方法对于类似壳类零件具有一定的借鉴意义。
The transmission case is a shell component used in the diesel engine for the envelope transmission mechanism. During the modal test to evaluate the stiffness of the diesel engine, the plurality of low-order mode shapes of the whole machine are shown as the local mode of the transmission case, and then it is found that the transmission case has a great influence on the rigidity of the diesel engine. Based on the above practical problems, using the experimental modal method to verify the effectiveness of the finite element model of the transmission case, the modal calculation of the diesel engine transmission case structure is carried out, and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. Then taking the frequency and maximum modal deformation of the first-order mode of the transmission case as the response indexes, the sensitivity analysis was carried out with seven main structural parameters such as the width of the transmission case. The results show that the thickness of the transmission case is the key factor affecting its stiffness. And then, 10 kinds of transmission case structure improvement design schemes are proposed from the perspective of the thickness of the transmission case, and the improvement design scheme 4(the transmission case thickness increment is 0.5 mm) is the optimal design by comparing the modal frequency and structural quality changes. The research shows that the thickness parameter of the transmission case is the key factor affecting the structural rigidity of the transmission case, and the structural rigidity of the transmission case has a great influence on the rigidity of the diesel engine. The method of combining sensitivity analysis, modal test and numerical simulation has certain reference significance for shell-like parts.
The transmission case is a shell component used in the diesel engine for the envelope transmission mechanism. During the modal test to evaluate the stiffness of the diesel engine, the plurality of low-order mode shapes of the whole machine are shown as the local mode of the transmission case, and then it is found that the transmission case has a great influence on the rigidity of the diesel engine. Based on the above practical problems, using the experimental modal method to verify the effectiveness of the finite element model of the transmission case, the modal calculation of the diesel engine transmission case structure is carried out, and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. Then taking the frequency and maximum modal deformation of the first-order mode of the transmission case as the response indexes, the sensitivity analysis was carried out with seven main structural parameters such as the width of the transmission case. The results show that the thickness of the transmission case is the key factor affecting its stiffness. And then, 10 kinds of transmission case structure improvement design schemes are proposed from the perspective of the thickness of the transmission case, and the improvement design scheme 4(the transmission case thickness increment is 0.5 mm) is the optimal design by comparing the modal frequency and structural quality changes. The research shows that the thickness parameter of the transmission case is the key factor affecting the structural rigidity of the transmission case, and the structural rigidity of the transmission case has a great influence on the rigidity of the diesel engine. The method of combining sensitivity analysis, modal test and numerical simulation has certain reference significance for shell-like parts.
引文
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[11] 万山秀.复合材料车架的模态分析[C]//北京力学会第二十四届学术年会会议论文集,北京,2018-01-21.
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[13] 王正浩,张杜娟.基于Ansys Workbench的CJ190Z4机床主轴实验模型振动力学分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2018,34(1):141-149.
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[ 2 ] 李民,舒歌群,梁兴雨.4100QB柴油机机体的形状优化及灵敏度分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):160-164.
[ 3 ] 阙沛祯,黄锦成,秦建宾,等.柴油机机体模态分析与结构改进[J].小型内燃机与车辆技术,2010,39(6):84-88.
[ 4 ] 狄建兵,张晓静,熊毕伟,等.某柴油机机体隔板结构强度评价分析研究[J].小型内燃机与车辆技术,2012,41(5):13-16.
[ 5 ] 王凯,王忠,徐凌,等.提高柴油机机体刚度的试验模态研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013(4):220-222.
[ 6 ] 袁兆成,方华,李盛成.降低车用柴油机振动噪声的设计方法[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(6):26-29.
[ 7 ] 曹茉莉,卜安珍,李德桃,等.6110型柴油机机体组件的有限元分析[J].内燃机学报,2002(5):447-453.
[ 8 ] 马维金,罗朝阳,于瑞湘,等.某轻卡动力总成的模态分析及动力学修改[J].机械设计与研究,2014,30(3):132-135.
[ 9 ] 杜宪峰,李志军,毕凤荣,等.基于拓扑与形状优化的柴油机机体低振动设计[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(9):117-122.
[10] 张焕宇,郝志勇,李一民.490柴油机机体减振降噪研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(7):54-57.
[11] 万山秀.复合材料车架的模态分析[C]//北京力学会第二十四届学术年会会议论文集,北京,2018-01-21.
[12] 姚艳春,杜岳峰,朱忠祥,等.基于模态的玉米收获机车架振动特性分析与优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):46-53.
[13] 王正浩,张杜娟.基于Ansys Workbench的CJ190Z4机床主轴实验模型振动力学分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2018,34(1):141-149.
[14] 黄志超,程俊,管昌海,等.汽车扭力梁后悬架模态分析[J].机械设计与研究,2018,34(1):107-112.
[15] 余志生.汽车理论[M].第5版.北京:机械工业出版社,2010.
[16] 陈再发,宋马军.刹车制动系统形状优化的基频研究[J].机械设计与制造,2018(2):120-123.