基于“多规合一”和生态足迹法的土地利用结构优化
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摘要
多规合一背景下的土地利用结构优化对实现中国土地资源高效利用具有十分重要的推动作用。该文以山东省沂源县为例,以生态优先、生态经济协调发展为原则,借鉴生态足迹理论,依据国民经济核算规则,测算国民经济发展目标生态足迹需求,结合土地利用现状及"多规"土地利用计划,以生态平衡为底限,以竭力保障区域整体公共生态服务功能为要求,优化"多规合一"背景下的土地利用结构。该县"十三五"规划期末生态保护红线、耕地、园地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地合理规模为41 835.73、35 276.61、22 596.76、13 377.61、21 268.02、2 041.59、14 549.00 hm~2;合理规模在优先落实该县生态保护目标的情况下,保障了经济发展目标完成情况下的区域公共生态服务功能最大限度供给。
The optimization of land use structure under the background of "multiple planning integration" plays an important role in promoting the efficient utilization of land resources in China. The conflict of land use structure between different traditional planning in China is rooted in the difference of planning concepts and the difference of planning objectives. Therefore, the optimization of land use structure under the background of "multiple planning integration" is essentially to solve the problem of rational allocation of land resources under the coincident concept and objective. It is necessary to push forward "multiple planning integration" from the strategic level of ecological civilization development. This paper aimed to solve the problem of how to optimize land use structure under the background of "multiple planning integration". Under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, we followed the principle of ecological priority to optimize land use structure, and gave priority to the implementation of ecological protection objective. When we implement the economic development objective, we should coordinate the ecological service supply of land ecosystem under the guidance of planning and the economic development objective as a whole, so as to realize the coordinated development of ecological economy. Ecological footprint method was a classical method to quantitatively determine whether regional development was within the scope of ecological capacity, which was suitable for land use structure optimization under the background of "multiple planning integration". We took Yiyuan County, Shandong Province as study area. Firstly, we defined the ecological redline, which is not supporting for economic development, and then we constructed ecological footprint models based on the rules of national economic accounting to estimate the demands of ecological footprint for the economic development objective. Secondly, according to land use status in planning base year, we analyzed the carrying capacity status to economic development objective in the planning target year under the land use planning arrangement of different plan. Finally, on the basis of finding out the land use types that cause ecological deficit and connect scale according to the following principles: supplementing land use types with surplus status of which ecological service functions from low to high successively to land use types with deficit status of which ecological service functions from high to low. The results showed that: In the final of the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the rational scales of the ecological redline, cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, water areas and construction land were 41 835.73、35 276.61、22 596.76、13 377.61、21 268.02、2 041.59、14 549.00 hm~2 respectively in Yiyuan County. The rational scale guarantees the maximum supply of the county's public ecological service function when the economic development objective is implemented. In conclusion, the ecological footprint method based on land use scale and its public integrated ecosystem services provides a methodological support for the scientific upgrading of land use structure optimization in the "multiple planning integration".
The optimization of land use structure under the background of "multiple planning integration" plays an important role in promoting the efficient utilization of land resources in China. The conflict of land use structure between different traditional planning in China is rooted in the difference of planning concepts and the difference of planning objectives. Therefore, the optimization of land use structure under the background of "multiple planning integration" is essentially to solve the problem of rational allocation of land resources under the coincident concept and objective. It is necessary to push forward "multiple planning integration" from the strategic level of ecological civilization development. This paper aimed to solve the problem of how to optimize land use structure under the background of "multiple planning integration". Under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, we followed the principle of ecological priority to optimize land use structure, and gave priority to the implementation of ecological protection objective. When we implement the economic development objective, we should coordinate the ecological service supply of land ecosystem under the guidance of planning and the economic development objective as a whole, so as to realize the coordinated development of ecological economy. Ecological footprint method was a classical method to quantitatively determine whether regional development was within the scope of ecological capacity, which was suitable for land use structure optimization under the background of "multiple planning integration". We took Yiyuan County, Shandong Province as study area. Firstly, we defined the ecological redline, which is not supporting for economic development, and then we constructed ecological footprint models based on the rules of national economic accounting to estimate the demands of ecological footprint for the economic development objective. Secondly, according to land use status in planning base year, we analyzed the carrying capacity status to economic development objective in the planning target year under the land use planning arrangement of different plan. Finally, on the basis of finding out the land use types that cause ecological deficit and connect scale according to the following principles: supplementing land use types with surplus status of which ecological service functions from low to high successively to land use types with deficit status of which ecological service functions from high to low. The results showed that: In the final of the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the rational scales of the ecological redline, cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, water areas and construction land were 41 835.73、35 276.61、22 596.76、13 377.61、21 268.02、2 041.59、14 549.00 hm~2 respectively in Yiyuan County. The rational scale guarantees the maximum supply of the county's public ecological service function when the economic development objective is implemented. In conclusion, the ecological footprint method based on land use scale and its public integrated ecosystem services provides a methodological support for the scientific upgrading of land use structure optimization in the "multiple planning integration".
引文
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[2]孟鹏,冯广京,吴大放,等.“多规冲突”根源与“多规融合”原则-基于“土地利用冲突与‘多规融合’研讨会”的思考[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(8):3-9.Meng Peng,Feng Gangjing,Wu Dafang,et al.Causes of the multiple-planning conflict and principle of multiple-planning integration:Reviews of workshop“land use conflicts and“multiple-planning integration”[J].China Land Sciences,2015,29(8):3-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]金龙新,朱红梅,陈伊翔.基于多规合一的县域国土空间开发规划编制框架构建[J].国土与自然资源研究,2015(6):29-33.Jin Longxin,Zhu Hongmei,Chen Yixiang.A framework of territorial spatial development planning based on MultiplePlanning Integration[J].Territory&Natural Resources Study,2015(6):29-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]苏涵,陈皓.“多规合一”的本质及其编制要点探析[J].规划师,2015,31(2):57-62.Su Han,Chen Hao.The essence“Multiple Plans Integration”and planning compilation[J].Planners,2015,31(2):57-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]沈迟.我国“多规合一”的难点及出路分析[J].环境保护,2015,41(Z1):17-19.Shen Chi.Discussion on difficulties and solutions of Multiple Planning Integration[J].Environmental Protection,2015,41(Z1):17-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]沈迟,许景权.“多规合一”的目标体系与接口设计研究-从“三标脱节”到“三标衔接”的创新探索[J].规划师,2015,31(2):12-26.Shen Chi,Xu Jingquan.Vision system and connection design for Multiple Plans Integration:A innovation of three visions[J].Planners,2015,31(2):12-26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]林坚,乔治洋.博弈论视角下市县级“多规合一”研究[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(5):12-19.Lin Jian,Qiao Zhiyang.Research on“Multiple Plans Integration”based on the Game Theory[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(5):12-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]郑泽爽.多规融合的实施管理机制研究-以珠海实践为例[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(11):22-28.Zheng Zeshuang.The research on implement management mechanism of Multiple Plannings in One:Taking Zhuhai as an example[J].Urban Development Studies,2017,24(11):22-28.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]王旭阳,黄征学.他山之石:浙江开化空间规划的实践[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(3):26-31.Wang Xuyang,Huang Zhengxue.Stones from other hills:The practice of spatial planning in KaihuaCounty,Zhejiang Province[J].Urban Development Studies,2018,25(3):26-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]陈善华,何华.多规合一数据管理与应用平台建设研究[J].地理空间信息,2017,15(12):35-38.Chen Shanhua,He Hua.Research on data management and application platform construction of Multi-plans Integration[J].Geospatial Information,2017,15(12):35-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]曹阳,甄峰,秦萧.基于多源数据的多规协调方法与空间优化策略-以张家港为例[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(3):32-38.Cao Yang,Zhen Feng,Qin Xiao.The compromise methods and spatial optimization strategy of Multiple-plan Integration based on the multi-source data:A case study of Zhangjiagang City[J].Urban Development Studies,2018,25(3):32-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]陈雯,孙伟,陈江龙.我国市县规划体系矛盾解析与“多规合一”路径探究[J].地理研究,2017,36(9):1603-1612.Chen Wen,Sun Wei,Chen Jianglong.Decoding the conflicts within the planning system and approaches to Multi-plan Integration at the county and municipal level in China[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(9):1603-1612.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]叶菁,谢巧巧,谭宁焱.基于生态承载力的国土空间开发布局方法研究[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):262-271.Ye Jing,Xie Qiaoqiao,Tan Ningyan.National land spatial pattern distribution method based on ecological carrying capacity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(11):262-271.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]陈伟强,潘元庆,马月红,等.基于约束性CA模型的城市开发边界划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):278-284.Chen Weiqiang,Pan Yuanqing,Ma Yuehong,et al.Partition method of urban development boundary based on constrained cellular automata model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(4):278-284.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]沈悦,严金明,陈昊.基于“三生”空间优化的城乡交错区土地整治功能单元划定[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(11):243-252.Shen Yue,Yan Jinming,Chen Hao.Land consolidation function unit demarcation based on optimization of production,living and ecology space in peri-urban areas[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(11):243-252.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]李鑫,李宁,欧名豪.土地利用结构与布局优化研究述评[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(11):103-110.Li Xin,Li Ning,Ou Minghao.Review of the studies on land use structure and layout optimization[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(11):103-110.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]林坚,文爱平.林坚:重构中国特色空间规划体系[J].北京规划建设,2018,(4):184-187.
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