三峡水库汛期泥沙淤积对坝前水位的滞后响应
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摘要
河床演变中普遍存在着滞后现象,而以往的三峡水库泥沙研究对滞后现象鲜有考虑。为深入认识三峡水库运行带来的泥沙淤积特征,建立了考虑上游来沙和坝前水位双重影响的泥沙淤积滞后响应模型。基于2003—2017年实测水沙资料,分析了三峡入库水沙特性及汛期泥沙淤积特点,利用滞后响应模型探究了汛期泥沙淤积的滞后规律。结果表明:2003—2012年入库水沙呈现"大水带大沙,少水带少沙"的特点,汛期淤积随坝前水位抬升而增加;2013—2017年入库水沙关系的一致性发生变化,受上游梯级库群拦沙影响,汛期淤积减缓。三峡水库汛期累计淤积与5年线性叠加坝前水位之间有较好的相关关系,汛期淤积不仅与当年来沙和坝前水位运行有关,也与前4年的来沙和坝前水位调度有关。
The delayed response of sedimentation is a phenomenon commonly encountered in the fluvial processes of rivers,while previous studies on the sedimentation of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) give little consideration. A delayed response model of sedimentation is established considering sediment inflow and pool level to investigate the recent sedimentation characteristics at the TGR. Based on the measured data during 2003—2017 and the delayed response model,characteristics of water and sediment inflows,as well as characteristics and delayed laws of sedimentation in the flood seasons are comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the TGR exhibits the characteristics of large(low) water inflow and large(low) sediment inflow,and sedimentation in the flood seasons tended to increase in conjunction with the rise in pool levels during 2003—2012. There was a consistent relationship between the water and sediment change,and sedimentation in the flood seasons decreased owing to the operation of cascade reservoirs during 2013—2017. Accumulated sedimentation in the TGR during the flood seasons are closely related to the 5 years′ linearly superimposed pool level. This indicates that sedimentation in the flood season is affected not only by the current year′s sediment inflow and pool level but also by the sediment inflows and pool levels of the previous 4 years.
The delayed response of sedimentation is a phenomenon commonly encountered in the fluvial processes of rivers,while previous studies on the sedimentation of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) give little consideration. A delayed response model of sedimentation is established considering sediment inflow and pool level to investigate the recent sedimentation characteristics at the TGR. Based on the measured data during 2003—2017 and the delayed response model,characteristics of water and sediment inflows,as well as characteristics and delayed laws of sedimentation in the flood seasons are comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the TGR exhibits the characteristics of large(low) water inflow and large(low) sediment inflow,and sedimentation in the flood seasons tended to increase in conjunction with the rise in pool levels during 2003—2012. There was a consistent relationship between the water and sediment change,and sedimentation in the flood seasons decreased owing to the operation of cascade reservoirs during 2013—2017. Accumulated sedimentation in the TGR during the flood seasons are closely related to the 5 years′ linearly superimposed pool level. This indicates that sedimentation in the flood season is affected not only by the current year′s sediment inflow and pool level but also by the sediment inflows and pool levels of the previous 4 years.
引文
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[18] 黄仁勇,王敏,张细兵,等.三峡水库汛期“蓄清排浑”动态运用方式初探[J].长江科学院院报,2018,35(7):9- 13.(HUANG R Y,WANG M,ZHAGN X B,et al.Preliminary study on dynamic operation mode of “storing clear water and releasing muddy water” in the Three Gorges Reservoir in flood season [J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2018,35(7):9- 13.(in Chinese))
[19] DAI S B,LU X X.Sediment load change in the Yangtze River (Changjiang):a review [J].Geomorphology,2014(215):60- 73.
[20] YAGN H F,YANG S L,XU K H,et al.Human impacts on sediment in the Yangtze River:a review and new perspectives [J].Global and Planetary Change,2018(162):8- 17.
[21] LEGATES D R,MCCABE G J.Evaluating the use of ‘goodness- of- fit’ measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation [J].Water Resource Research,1999,35(1):233- 241.
[2] IMANSHOAR F,JAHANGIRZADEH A,BASSER H,et al.Reservoir sedimentation based on uncertainty analysis [J].Scientific World Journal,2014,76(1):247- 254.
[3] JOMG W C,SUNG T H,SEONG S K,et al.A study on prediction of sedimentation efficiency for sedimentation basin using Lagrangian Method[J].Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers,2017,39(5):229- 236.
[4] ZEINAB K,MOHAMMAD A B.Numerical simulation of sedimentation process in reservoirs and development of a non- coupled algorithm to improve long- term modeling[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2018,30(1):1- 16.
[5] JUNGKYU A,CHANG G S.Numerical modeling of long term reservoir sedimentation in semi- two dimensional manner[J].KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2018,22(1):135- 140.
[6] 朱玲玲,许全喜,熊明.三峡水库蓄水后下荆江急弯河道凸冲凹淤成因[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):193- 202.(ZHU L L,XU Q X,XIONG M.Fluvial processes of meandering channels in the Lower Jingjiang River reach after the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir [J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):193- 202.(in Chinese))
[7] 李文杰,张凌越,杨胜发,等.三峡库区泥沙絮凝临界条件现场测量[J].水科学进展,2019,30(1):76- 83.(LI W J,ZHANG L Y,YANG S F,et al.Field measurements of the critical conditions of sediment flocculation in the Three Gorges Reservoir [J].Advances in Water Science,2019,30(1):76- 83.(in Chinese))
[8] 章运超,李凌云,范北林,等.长江沙市段断面面积对水沙变异的滞后响应研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(7):1- 5.(ZHANG Y C,LI L Y,FAN B L,et al.Delayed response of cross section area to variable incoming flow and sediment at shashi segment of Yangtze River [J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(7):1- 5.(in Chinese))
[9] 吴保生,游涛.水库泥沙淤积滞后响应的理论模型[J].水利学报,2008,39(5):627- 632.(WU B S,YOU T.Theoretical model for delayed response of reservoir sedimentation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(5):627- 632.(in Chinese))
[10] 吴保生,夏军强,王兆印.三门峡水库淤积及潼关高程的滞后响应[J].泥沙研究,2006(1):9- 16.(WU B S,XIA J Q,WANG Z Y.Delayed response of Tongguan’s elevation to the sedimentation in Sanmenxia Reservoir[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2006(1):9- 16.(in Chinese))
[11] 郑珊,吴保生,周云金,等.黄河口清水沟河道的冲淤过程与模拟[J].水科学进展,2018,29(3):322- 330.(ZHENG S,WU B S,ZHOU Y J,et al.Erosion and aggradation processes and calculation method for the Qingshuigou channel on the Yellow River Delta [J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(3):322- 330.(in Chinese))
[12] ZHENG S,WU B S,THORNE C R,et al.Morphological evolution of the North Fork Toutle River following the eruption of Mount St.Helens,Washington[J].Geomorphology,2014(208):102- 116.
[13] 郑珊,谈广鸣,吴保生,等.利津水位对河口演变响应的计算方法[J].水利学报,2015,46(3):315- 325.(ZHENG S,TAN G M,WU B S,et al.Calculation method for water stage at Lijin in response to delta evolution[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(3):315- 325.(in Chinese))
[14] 董占地,胡海华,吉祖稳,等.三峡水库排沙比对来水来沙的响应[J].泥沙研究,2017(6):16- 21.(DONG Z D,HU H H,JI Z W,et al.Response of sediment excluding ratio to incoming flow and sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir [J].Journal of Sediment Research,2017(6):16- 21.( in Chinese))
[15] 李文杰,杨胜发,付旭辉,等.三峡水库运行初期的泥沙淤积特点[J].水科学进展,2015,26(5):676- 685.(LI W J,YANG S F,FU X H,et al.Sedimentation characteristics in the Three Gorges Reservoir during the initial operation stage [J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(5):676- 685.(in Chinese))
[16] WANG B Y,YAN D C,WEN A B,et al.Influencing factors of sediment deposition and their spatial variability in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China [J].Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(8):1387- 1396.
[17] 李文杰,李娜,杨胜发,等.基于挟沙力的三峡水库泥沙淤积形态分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(5):726- 734.(LI W J,LI N,YANG S F,et al.Analysis of the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on the sediment carrying capacity[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(5):726- 734.(in Chinese))
[18] 黄仁勇,王敏,张细兵,等.三峡水库汛期“蓄清排浑”动态运用方式初探[J].长江科学院院报,2018,35(7):9- 13.(HUANG R Y,WANG M,ZHAGN X B,et al.Preliminary study on dynamic operation mode of “storing clear water and releasing muddy water” in the Three Gorges Reservoir in flood season [J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2018,35(7):9- 13.(in Chinese))
[19] DAI S B,LU X X.Sediment load change in the Yangtze River (Changjiang):a review [J].Geomorphology,2014(215):60- 73.
[20] YAGN H F,YANG S L,XU K H,et al.Human impacts on sediment in the Yangtze River:a review and new perspectives [J].Global and Planetary Change,2018(162):8- 17.
[21] LEGATES D R,MCCABE G J.Evaluating the use of ‘goodness- of- fit’ measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation [J].Water Resource Research,1999,35(1):233- 241.