巫溪县西溪河北岸高位高危碎屑流滑坡特征与机理研究
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摘要
巫溪县构造上位于南大巴山弧形褶皱带的核心部位,八面山弧形褶皱构造带的北缘,地理上位于三峡库区奉节—巫山段北部,区内以发育近平行的褶皱构造为主,岩层中构造节理裂隙发育。区内地形切割强烈、起伏大,表现为中高山峡谷地貌,年降雨量大,地质环境条件脆弱。研究区西溪河北岸多发育高位高危碎屑流型滑坡,具有隐蔽性强、危害性大等特点。论文在Lidar影像分析、野外详查、钻探等手段的基础上,详细分析了滑坡地质环境背景、滑坡的特点及运动堆积过程,认为风化层厚度大、高陡的地形地貌、特殊的构造条件、典型的斜坡结构是滑坡发育的主要因素,持续性的降雨是滑坡发育的直接诱发因素,斜坡上部二叠系炭质灰岩、灰岩的崩落是导致斜坡中下部原本就处于孔隙水饱和状态下的志留系粉砂岩碎屑失稳并转化为碎屑流的重要因素。针对这类高位高危碎屑流型滑坡,提出了高位崩滑—高速启动—碰撞解体—高速铲刮—抛射堆积的成灾模式,为三峡库区此类滑坡的防治提供技术依据。
Wuxi county is tectonically located at the core of the southern Daba Mountain arc-shaped folding belt and the northern edge of the octagonal mountain arc-shaped folding structure belt,and is geographically located in the north of the Fengjie-Wushan section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area,where the nearlyparallel folding structures mainly occur and the joints and cracks in the rocks are developed.The topography of the region is characterized by strong cutting and undulating features.It is of high and middle mountain canyon landform,large annual rainfall,and fragile geological environment conditions.In the study area,large rock landslides with high-location and high-risk clastic flow is mostly developed,which have the characteristics of strong concealment and great danger.On the basis of Lidar image analysis and detailed field survey,a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the landslide geology environment background,the characteristics of the landslide and the accumulation process are carried out in this paper.The results show that the weathering of big thickness,high and steep topography,the structure of the special conditions,typical slope structure are the main factors of landslide development.Continuous rainfall is a direct causative factor for the development of the landslide.The collapse of the Permian caving of the carbonaceous limestone and limestone in the upperpart of the slope is an important factor leading to the instability and transformation of the Silurian siltstone debris or residual overburden in the middle and lower parts of the slope into clastic flow.Aiming at this kind of high-risk debris flow landslide,this paper puts forward the disaster mode of high-location collapse sliding →high speed initiation → collision disintegration → high speed shovel scraping → projectile accumulation,which may provide a technical basis for prevention and treatment of this kind of landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
Wuxi county is tectonically located at the core of the southern Daba Mountain arc-shaped folding belt and the northern edge of the octagonal mountain arc-shaped folding structure belt,and is geographically located in the north of the Fengjie-Wushan section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area,where the nearlyparallel folding structures mainly occur and the joints and cracks in the rocks are developed.The topography of the region is characterized by strong cutting and undulating features.It is of high and middle mountain canyon landform,large annual rainfall,and fragile geological environment conditions.In the study area,large rock landslides with high-location and high-risk clastic flow is mostly developed,which have the characteristics of strong concealment and great danger.On the basis of Lidar image analysis and detailed field survey,a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the landslide geology environment background,the characteristics of the landslide and the accumulation process are carried out in this paper.The results show that the weathering of big thickness,high and steep topography,the structure of the special conditions,typical slope structure are the main factors of landslide development.Continuous rainfall is a direct causative factor for the development of the landslide.The collapse of the Permian caving of the carbonaceous limestone and limestone in the upperpart of the slope is an important factor leading to the instability and transformation of the Silurian siltstone debris or residual overburden in the middle and lower parts of the slope into clastic flow.Aiming at this kind of high-risk debris flow landslide,this paper puts forward the disaster mode of high-location collapse sliding →high speed initiation → collision disintegration → high speed shovel scraping → projectile accumulation,which may provide a technical basis for prevention and treatment of this kind of landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
引文
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[6]殷跃平,朱继良,杨胜元.贵州关岭大寨高速远程滑坡—碎屑流研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):445-454.[YIN Y P,ZHU J L,YANG S Y.Investigation of a high speed and long run-out rockslide-debris flow at Dazhai in Guanling of Guizhou Provinve[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(4):445-454.(in Chinese)]
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[8]孙萍,张永双,殷跃平,等.东河口滑坡—碎屑流高速远程运移机制探讨[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):737-744.[SUN P,ZHANG Y S,YIN Y P,et al. Discussion on long run-out sliding mechanism of Donghekou landslide-debris flow[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(6):737-744.(in Chinese)]
[9]孙萍,殷跃平,陈立伟.汶川地震区东河口滑坡破坏机制FLAC模拟分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(5):87-92.[SUN P,YIN Y P,CHEN L W. Numerical analysis of the failure mechanism of the Donghekou rockslide in the Wenchuan earthquake region with FLAC[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(5):87-92.(in Chinese)]
[10]黄润秋,裴向军,张伟锋,等.再论大光包滑坡特征与形成机制[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):725-736.[HUANG R Q,PEI X J,ZHANG W F,et al. Further examination on characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao landslide[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(6):725-736.(in Chinese)]
[11]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-152.[HUANG R Q.After effect of geo-hazards induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(2):145-152.(in Chinese)]
[12]王玉峰,许强,程谦恭,等.高速远程滑坡裹气流态化动力学特性实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(2):268-274.[WANG Y F,XU Q,CHENG Q G,et al. Experimental study of dynamical shearing behaviors of rock avalanche debris under the effect of entrapped gas[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(2):268-274.(in Chinese)]
[13]高杨,李滨,王国章.鸡尾山高速远程滑坡运动特征及数值模拟分析[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(3):425-434.[GAO Y,LI B,WANG G Z.Motion feture and numerical simulation analysis of Jiweishan landslide with rapid and long run-out[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(3):425-434.(in Chinese)]
[14]刘传正.论崩塌滑坡—碎屑流高速远程问题[J].地质论评,2017,63(6):1563-1575.[LIU C Z.Research on high speed and long-distance of the avalanches or landslide-debris streams[J]. Geological Review,2017,63(6):1563-1575.(in Chinese)]
[15]郭长宝.认识与防范高速远程滑坡[J].国土资源科普与文化,2018(1):32-35.[GUO C B.Understanding and preventing high-speed remote landslide[J]. Cultural and Science Popularization of Land and Resources, 2018(1):32-35.(in Chinese)]
[16]张明,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.高速远程滑坡-碎屑流运动机理研究发展现状与展望[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):805-817.[ZHANG M,YIN Y P,WU S R,et al. Development statusand pospects of studies on kinemat-icsoflong-runout rock avalanvhes[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):805-817.(in Chinese)]
[17]骆培云.新滩滑坡浅析[J].水文地质工程地质,1987,14(4):27-29.[LUO P Y. Analysis of Xintan landslide[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1987,14(4):27-29.(in Chinese)]
[18]文宝萍,申健,谭建民.水在千将坪滑坡中的作用机理[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(3):12-18.[WEN B P,SHEN J,TAN J M. The influence of water on the occurrence of Qianjiangping landslide[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(3):12-18.(in Chinese)]
[19]刘传正.贵州关岭大寨崩滑碎屑流灾害初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):623-630.[LIU C Z. Preliminary findings on Dazhai landslide-debris flow disaster in Guizhou province of June 28,2010[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):623-630.(in Chinese)]
[20]王瑞瑞,张岳桥,解国爱,等.大巴山前陆弧形构造的成因:来自砂箱实验的认识[J].地质学报,2011,85(9):1409-1419.[WANG R R,ZHANG Y Q,XIE G A,et al. Origin of the Dabashan foreland salient:insights from sandbox modeling[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(9):1409-1419.(in Chinese)]
[21]刘传正.论地质灾害风险识别问题[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(4):1-7.[LIU C Z. Research on the risk recognition of geological disasters[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(4):1-7.(in Chinese)]
[2]邢爱国,殷跃平.云南头寨滑坡全程流体动力学机理分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(4):481-485.[XING A G,YIN Y P. Whole course analysis on hydrokinetics mechanism of touzhai gully landslide[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2009,37(4):481-485.(in Chinese)]
[3]殷跃平,刘传正,陈红旗,等. 2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(1):6-15.[YIN Y P,LIU C Z,CHEN H Q, et al. Investigation on catastrophic landslide of January 11, 2013 at Zhaojiagou,Zhenxiong county,Yunnan province[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(1):6-15.(in Chinese)]
[4]李滨,冯振,赵瑞欣,等.三峡地区“14·9”极端暴雨型滑坡泥石流成灾机理分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):118-127.[LI B,FENG Z,ZHAO R X,et al. Mechanism of“14·9”rainstorm triggered landslides and debris-flows in the Three Gorges area.[J] Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):118-127.(in Chinese)]
[5]肖诗荣,刘德富,胡志宇.三峡库区千将坪滑坡高速滑动机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3531-3536.[XIAO S R,LIU D F,HU Z Y. Study of high speed slide mechanism of Qianjiangping landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3531-3536.(in Chinese)]
[6]殷跃平,朱继良,杨胜元.贵州关岭大寨高速远程滑坡—碎屑流研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):445-454.[YIN Y P,ZHU J L,YANG S Y.Investigation of a high speed and long run-out rockslide-debris flow at Dazhai in Guanling of Guizhou Provinve[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(4):445-454.(in Chinese)]
[7] EISBACHER G H. Cliff collapse and rock avalanches(sturstroms)in the Mackenzie Mountains,northwestern Canada[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2011,16(2):309-334.
[8]孙萍,张永双,殷跃平,等.东河口滑坡—碎屑流高速远程运移机制探讨[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):737-744.[SUN P,ZHANG Y S,YIN Y P,et al. Discussion on long run-out sliding mechanism of Donghekou landslide-debris flow[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(6):737-744.(in Chinese)]
[9]孙萍,殷跃平,陈立伟.汶川地震区东河口滑坡破坏机制FLAC模拟分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(5):87-92.[SUN P,YIN Y P,CHEN L W. Numerical analysis of the failure mechanism of the Donghekou rockslide in the Wenchuan earthquake region with FLAC[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(5):87-92.(in Chinese)]
[10]黄润秋,裴向军,张伟锋,等.再论大光包滑坡特征与形成机制[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):725-736.[HUANG R Q,PEI X J,ZHANG W F,et al. Further examination on characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao landslide[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(6):725-736.(in Chinese)]
[11]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-152.[HUANG R Q.After effect of geo-hazards induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(2):145-152.(in Chinese)]
[12]王玉峰,许强,程谦恭,等.高速远程滑坡裹气流态化动力学特性实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(2):268-274.[WANG Y F,XU Q,CHENG Q G,et al. Experimental study of dynamical shearing behaviors of rock avalanche debris under the effect of entrapped gas[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(2):268-274.(in Chinese)]
[13]高杨,李滨,王国章.鸡尾山高速远程滑坡运动特征及数值模拟分析[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(3):425-434.[GAO Y,LI B,WANG G Z.Motion feture and numerical simulation analysis of Jiweishan landslide with rapid and long run-out[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(3):425-434.(in Chinese)]
[14]刘传正.论崩塌滑坡—碎屑流高速远程问题[J].地质论评,2017,63(6):1563-1575.[LIU C Z.Research on high speed and long-distance of the avalanches or landslide-debris streams[J]. Geological Review,2017,63(6):1563-1575.(in Chinese)]
[15]郭长宝.认识与防范高速远程滑坡[J].国土资源科普与文化,2018(1):32-35.[GUO C B.Understanding and preventing high-speed remote landslide[J]. Cultural and Science Popularization of Land and Resources, 2018(1):32-35.(in Chinese)]
[16]张明,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.高速远程滑坡-碎屑流运动机理研究发展现状与展望[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):805-817.[ZHANG M,YIN Y P,WU S R,et al. Development statusand pospects of studies on kinemat-icsoflong-runout rock avalanvhes[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):805-817.(in Chinese)]
[17]骆培云.新滩滑坡浅析[J].水文地质工程地质,1987,14(4):27-29.[LUO P Y. Analysis of Xintan landslide[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1987,14(4):27-29.(in Chinese)]
[18]文宝萍,申健,谭建民.水在千将坪滑坡中的作用机理[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(3):12-18.[WEN B P,SHEN J,TAN J M. The influence of water on the occurrence of Qianjiangping landslide[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(3):12-18.(in Chinese)]
[19]刘传正.贵州关岭大寨崩滑碎屑流灾害初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):623-630.[LIU C Z. Preliminary findings on Dazhai landslide-debris flow disaster in Guizhou province of June 28,2010[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):623-630.(in Chinese)]
[20]王瑞瑞,张岳桥,解国爱,等.大巴山前陆弧形构造的成因:来自砂箱实验的认识[J].地质学报,2011,85(9):1409-1419.[WANG R R,ZHANG Y Q,XIE G A,et al. Origin of the Dabashan foreland salient:insights from sandbox modeling[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(9):1409-1419.(in Chinese)]
[21]刘传正.论地质灾害风险识别问题[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(4):1-7.[LIU C Z. Research on the risk recognition of geological disasters[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(4):1-7.(in Chinese)]
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