东北地区积雪反照率特性
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摘要
利用2017年12月至2018年3月在东北地区获取的82个观测点的积雪反照率数据,从积雪反照率的时序差异、空间特点、影响因素三个方面开展了积雪反照率时空特点研究。结果表明:(1)在时间上,随着积雪积累时间的增加,积雪反照率逐渐降低,最大下降速率为0.003 d~(-1)。(2)在空间上,积雪反照率在东西方向差异显著,大兴安岭东西两侧地区的积雪反照率均值分别为0.679和0.751;在同一地区内,积雪反照率在雪表层含水量、雪粒径等因素影响下也存在一定差异,大兴安岭西侧地区的积雪反照率北低南高,大兴安岭东侧地区的积雪反照率北高南低。(3)耕地上的农作物留茬对积雪反照率影响较大,短时间内天气变化对积雪反照率影响较小。
Based on the snow albedo data from 82 observation points from December 2017 to March 2018 in Northeast China, the spatial and temporal characteristics of snow albedo were analyzed from time series difference, spatial characteristics and their impact factors in this paper. The results showed that:(1) temporally, the snow albedo gradually decreased with time with the maximum decline rate of 0.003 d~(-1).(2) spatially, the snow albedo was significantly different between the west and the east, with an average snow albedo of 0.751 to the west of the Greater Khingan Range, and of 0.679 to the east of the Greater Khingan Range; at the same area, the snow albedo had some differences due to the influences of water content and snow grain; snow albedo to the west of the Greater Khingan Range exhibited low in the north and high in the south, the albedo to the east of the Greater Khingan Range exhibed high in the north and low in the south.(3) the stubble of cropland had a greater effect on snow albedo; the impact of weather change had less effect on snow albedo in a short period of time.
Based on the snow albedo data from 82 observation points from December 2017 to March 2018 in Northeast China, the spatial and temporal characteristics of snow albedo were analyzed from time series difference, spatial characteristics and their impact factors in this paper. The results showed that:(1) temporally, the snow albedo gradually decreased with time with the maximum decline rate of 0.003 d~(-1).(2) spatially, the snow albedo was significantly different between the west and the east, with an average snow albedo of 0.751 to the west of the Greater Khingan Range, and of 0.679 to the east of the Greater Khingan Range; at the same area, the snow albedo had some differences due to the influences of water content and snow grain; snow albedo to the west of the Greater Khingan Range exhibited low in the north and high in the south, the albedo to the east of the Greater Khingan Range exhibed high in the north and low in the south.(3) the stubble of cropland had a greater effect on snow albedo; the impact of weather change had less effect on snow albedo in a short period of time.
引文
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[4] Yang F,Mitchell K,Hou Y T,et al.Dependence of land surface albedo on solar zenith angle:observations and model parameterization[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2007,47(11):2963-2982.
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[6] Qin Dahe,Xiao Cunde,Ding Yongjian,et al.Progress on cryospheric studies by international and Chinese communities and perspectives[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(6):649-654.[秦大河,效存德,丁永建,等.国际冰冻圈研究动态和我国冰冻圈研究的现状与展望[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(6):649-656.]
[7] Shi Jiancheng,Xiong C,Jiang L.Review of snow water equivalent microwave remote sensing[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2016,59(4):731-745.
[8] Li Peiji,Mi Desheng.Distribution of snow cover in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1983,5(4):9-18.[李培基,米德生.中国积雪的分布[J].冰川冻土,1983,5(4):9-18.]
[9] Wang Chenghai,Wang Zhilan,Cui Yang.Snow cover of China during the last 40 years:spatial distribution and interannual variation[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,32(2):301-310.[王澄海,王芝兰,崔洋.40余年来中国地区季节性积雪的空间分布及年际变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2009,32(2):301-310.]
[10] Cao Zhi,Fan Haoming.Research on the snow characteristics at different slope position in the low mountain areas in Northeast China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(5):989-996.[曹志,范昊明.我国东北低山区不同坡位积雪特性研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(5):989-996.]
[11] Jin Cui,Zhang Bai,Liu Dianwei,et al.Retrieval and validation of MODIS subpixel snow fraction in Northeast China[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2008,23(2):195-201.[金翠,张柏,刘殿伟,等.东北地区MODIS亚像元积雪覆盖率反演及验证[J].遥感技术与应用,2008,23(2):195-201.]
[12] Hall D K,Riggs G A,Salomonson V V,et al.MODIS snow-cover products[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1):181-194.
[13] Curry J A,Schramm J L,Ebert E E.Sea ice-albedo climate feedback mechanism[J].Journal of Climate,1995,8(2):240-247.
[14] Xu Xingkui,Tian Guoliang.Dynamic distribution and albedo change of snow in China[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,4(3):178-182.[徐兴奎,田国良.中国地表积雪动态分布及反照率的变化[J].遥感学报,2000,4(3):178-182.]
[15] Cao Meisheng,Li Peiji.Some characteristics of spectral albedo of winter day snow cover in ürümqi suburb[J].Arid Land Geography,1991,14(1):69-73.[曹梅盛,李培基.乌鲁木齐市郊冬季干积雪光谱反照率的若干特征[J].干旱区地理,1991,14(1):69-73.]
[16] Hao Xiaohua,Wang Jian,Che Tao,et al.The spatial distribution and properties of snow cover in Binggou watershed,Qilian Mountains:measurement and analysis[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(2):284-292.[郝晓华,王建,车涛,等.祁连山区冰沟流域积雪分布特征及其属性观测分析[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(2):284-292.]
[17] Pan Haizhu,Wang Jian,Li Hongyi.Accuracy validation of the MODIS snow albedo products and estimate of the snow albedo under cloud over the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(1):49-57.[潘海珠,王建,李弘毅.祁连山区MODIS积雪反照率产品的精度验证及云下积雪反照率估算研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):49-57.]
[18] Wei Zhigang,Lü Shihua.Distribution of snow cover on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its influence on surface albedo[J].Plateau Meteorology,1995,14(1):67-73.[韦志刚,吕世华.青藏高原积雪的分布特征及其对地面反照率的影响[J].高原气象,1995,14(1):67-73.]
[19] Wu Xuejiao,Lu Anxin,Wang Lihong,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution and trend of snow albedo changes in the source region of the Yangtze River in last decade based on MODIS[J].Scientica Geographica Sinica,2013,33(3):371-377.[吴雪娇,鲁安新,王丽红,等.基于MODIS的长江源近10年积雪反照率时空分布及动态变化[J].地理科学,2013,33(3):371-377.]
[20] Yao Jimin,Gu Lianglei,Zhao Lin,et al.Comparatively observational study of the surface albedo between the permafrost region and the seasonally frozen soil region[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,71(1):176-184.[姚济敏,谷良雷,赵林,等.多年冻土区与季节冻土区地表反照率对比观测研究[J].气象学报,2013,71(1):176-184.]
[21] Xiao Yao,Zhao Lin,Li Ren,et al.The characteristics of surface albedo in permafrost regions of northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(3):480-488.[肖瑶,赵林,李韧,等.藏北高原多年冻土区地表反照率特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(3):480-488.]
[22] Zhang Haijun.Study on spatio-temporal variations of snow from 2000 to 2009 in Northeast China[D].Changchun:Jinlin University,2010.[张海军.2000-2009年东北地区积雪时空变化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.]
[23] Hu Ruji.Snow cover and snow disaster prevention in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Press,2013.[胡汝骥.中国积雪与雪灾防治[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2013.]
[24] Jiang Xi.Progress in the research of snow and ice albedo[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(5):728-738.[蒋熹.冰雪反照率研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(5):728-738.]
[25] Zhuo Yue,Xiao Pengfeng,Feng Xuezhi,et al.Spatial distribution and features of snow cover during accumulation period in the middle reaches of Kelan River,Altay region,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(5):979-988.[卓越,肖鹏峰,冯学智,等.新疆阿勒泰克兰河中游地区冬季积雪分布及特性分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(5):979-988.]
[26] Zhou Lin.Climate of Northeast China[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1991.[周琳.东北气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1991.]
[27] Zheng Hongxing,Liu Jing.Long-term trends of aridity index and its sensitivity to climate factors in Northeast China:1971-2008[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(10):1765-1774.[郑红星,刘静.东北地区近40年干燥指数变化趋势及其气候敏感性[J].地理研究,2011,30(10):1765-1774.]
[28] Xu Jingliang.Study on the influence of non-uniform distribution of snow load on the safety of portal frame[D].Harbin:Heilongjiang University,2016.[徐井良.非均匀分布雪荷载对门式刚架安全性影响研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2016.]
[2] Stroeve J,Box J E,Gao F,et al.Accuracy assessment of the MODIS 16-day albedo product for snow:comparisons with Greenland in situ measurements[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,94(1):46-60.
[3] Wang S S,Davidson A.Impact of climate variations on surface albedo of a temperate grassland[J].Agricultural & Forest Meteorology,2007,142(2):133-142.
[4] Yang F,Mitchell K,Hou Y T,et al.Dependence of land surface albedo on solar zenith angle:observations and model parameterization[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2007,47(11):2963-2982.
[5] Shi Yafeng,Cheng Guodong.Gryosphere and global change[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,1991,6(4):287-291.[施雅风,程国栋.冰冻圈与全球变化[J].中国科学院院刊,1991,6(4):287-291.]
[6] Qin Dahe,Xiao Cunde,Ding Yongjian,et al.Progress on cryospheric studies by international and Chinese communities and perspectives[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(6):649-654.[秦大河,效存德,丁永建,等.国际冰冻圈研究动态和我国冰冻圈研究的现状与展望[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(6):649-656.]
[7] Shi Jiancheng,Xiong C,Jiang L.Review of snow water equivalent microwave remote sensing[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2016,59(4):731-745.
[8] Li Peiji,Mi Desheng.Distribution of snow cover in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1983,5(4):9-18.[李培基,米德生.中国积雪的分布[J].冰川冻土,1983,5(4):9-18.]
[9] Wang Chenghai,Wang Zhilan,Cui Yang.Snow cover of China during the last 40 years:spatial distribution and interannual variation[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,32(2):301-310.[王澄海,王芝兰,崔洋.40余年来中国地区季节性积雪的空间分布及年际变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2009,32(2):301-310.]
[10] Cao Zhi,Fan Haoming.Research on the snow characteristics at different slope position in the low mountain areas in Northeast China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(5):989-996.[曹志,范昊明.我国东北低山区不同坡位积雪特性研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(5):989-996.]
[11] Jin Cui,Zhang Bai,Liu Dianwei,et al.Retrieval and validation of MODIS subpixel snow fraction in Northeast China[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2008,23(2):195-201.[金翠,张柏,刘殿伟,等.东北地区MODIS亚像元积雪覆盖率反演及验证[J].遥感技术与应用,2008,23(2):195-201.]
[12] Hall D K,Riggs G A,Salomonson V V,et al.MODIS snow-cover products[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1):181-194.
[13] Curry J A,Schramm J L,Ebert E E.Sea ice-albedo climate feedback mechanism[J].Journal of Climate,1995,8(2):240-247.
[14] Xu Xingkui,Tian Guoliang.Dynamic distribution and albedo change of snow in China[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,4(3):178-182.[徐兴奎,田国良.中国地表积雪动态分布及反照率的变化[J].遥感学报,2000,4(3):178-182.]
[15] Cao Meisheng,Li Peiji.Some characteristics of spectral albedo of winter day snow cover in ürümqi suburb[J].Arid Land Geography,1991,14(1):69-73.[曹梅盛,李培基.乌鲁木齐市郊冬季干积雪光谱反照率的若干特征[J].干旱区地理,1991,14(1):69-73.]
[16] Hao Xiaohua,Wang Jian,Che Tao,et al.The spatial distribution and properties of snow cover in Binggou watershed,Qilian Mountains:measurement and analysis[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(2):284-292.[郝晓华,王建,车涛,等.祁连山区冰沟流域积雪分布特征及其属性观测分析[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(2):284-292.]
[17] Pan Haizhu,Wang Jian,Li Hongyi.Accuracy validation of the MODIS snow albedo products and estimate of the snow albedo under cloud over the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(1):49-57.[潘海珠,王建,李弘毅.祁连山区MODIS积雪反照率产品的精度验证及云下积雪反照率估算研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):49-57.]
[18] Wei Zhigang,Lü Shihua.Distribution of snow cover on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its influence on surface albedo[J].Plateau Meteorology,1995,14(1):67-73.[韦志刚,吕世华.青藏高原积雪的分布特征及其对地面反照率的影响[J].高原气象,1995,14(1):67-73.]
[19] Wu Xuejiao,Lu Anxin,Wang Lihong,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution and trend of snow albedo changes in the source region of the Yangtze River in last decade based on MODIS[J].Scientica Geographica Sinica,2013,33(3):371-377.[吴雪娇,鲁安新,王丽红,等.基于MODIS的长江源近10年积雪反照率时空分布及动态变化[J].地理科学,2013,33(3):371-377.]
[20] Yao Jimin,Gu Lianglei,Zhao Lin,et al.Comparatively observational study of the surface albedo between the permafrost region and the seasonally frozen soil region[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,71(1):176-184.[姚济敏,谷良雷,赵林,等.多年冻土区与季节冻土区地表反照率对比观测研究[J].气象学报,2013,71(1):176-184.]
[21] Xiao Yao,Zhao Lin,Li Ren,et al.The characteristics of surface albedo in permafrost regions of northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(3):480-488.[肖瑶,赵林,李韧,等.藏北高原多年冻土区地表反照率特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(3):480-488.]
[22] Zhang Haijun.Study on spatio-temporal variations of snow from 2000 to 2009 in Northeast China[D].Changchun:Jinlin University,2010.[张海军.2000-2009年东北地区积雪时空变化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.]
[23] Hu Ruji.Snow cover and snow disaster prevention in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Press,2013.[胡汝骥.中国积雪与雪灾防治[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2013.]
[24] Jiang Xi.Progress in the research of snow and ice albedo[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(5):728-738.[蒋熹.冰雪反照率研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(5):728-738.]
[25] Zhuo Yue,Xiao Pengfeng,Feng Xuezhi,et al.Spatial distribution and features of snow cover during accumulation period in the middle reaches of Kelan River,Altay region,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(5):979-988.[卓越,肖鹏峰,冯学智,等.新疆阿勒泰克兰河中游地区冬季积雪分布及特性分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(5):979-988.]
[26] Zhou Lin.Climate of Northeast China[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1991.[周琳.东北气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1991.]
[27] Zheng Hongxing,Liu Jing.Long-term trends of aridity index and its sensitivity to climate factors in Northeast China:1971-2008[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(10):1765-1774.[郑红星,刘静.东北地区近40年干燥指数变化趋势及其气候敏感性[J].地理研究,2011,30(10):1765-1774.]
[28] Xu Jingliang.Study on the influence of non-uniform distribution of snow load on the safety of portal frame[D].Harbin:Heilongjiang University,2016.[徐井良.非均匀分布雪荷载对门式刚架安全性影响研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2016.]