兴凯湖不同栖息地水鸟群落差异分析

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：Analysis on the Variation of Waterbird Communities in Different Habitats of Khanka Lake in China 作者：陈丽霞 ; 刘化金 ; 刘宇霖 ; 杨培宇 ; 张国钢 ; 陆军 英文作者：Chen Lixia;Liu Huajin;Liu Yulin;Yang Peiyu;Zhang Guogang;Lu Jun;Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration National Bird Banding Center of China Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry;Khanka Lake National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang; 关键词：水鸟群落 ; 生物多样性 ; 栖息地 ; 兴凯湖 ; 湿地 ; 野生动物保护 英文关键词：waterbird community;;biodiversity;;habitat;;Khanka Lake;;wetland;;wildlife protection 中文刊名：林业科学 英文刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae 机构：中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所全国鸟类环志中心国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室;黑龙江兴凯湖国家级自然保护区管理局; 出版日期：2019-01-15 出版单位：林业科学 年：2019 期：01 基金：国家重点研究计划(2016YFC1201601);; 国家林业与草原局野生动物疫病监测与预警系统维护项目 语种：中文; 页：59-68 页数：10 CN：11-1908/S ISSN：1001-7488 分类号：Q958

摘要

【目的】研究兴凯湖不同栖息地水鸟特别是濒危鸟类如鹤鹳类群落组成差异,为兴凯湖水鸟保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2014年5月至2015年4月、 2017年12月采用直接计数法对湖岗、龙王庙、东北泡子以及青山水库4个区域6类栖息地水鸟群落进行系统调查,并对水鸟群落特征参数进行分析。【结果】兴凯湖湿地内共记录水鸟7目11科85种364 063只。湿地内水域面积最大,物种数最多,多样性指数最高,以雁形目和鸻形目鸟类最多;林地与灌丛面积最少,物种数最少;灌丛多样性指数最低,以鹭科鸟类为主。在4个区域,湖岗水鸟多样性最高,其次是龙王庙和东北泡子,青山水库多样性最低。由于不同区域的栖息地组成不同,水鸟数量存在着显著性差异。【结论】随着兴凯湖栖息地类型的改变与人类活动的加剧,特别是作为鹤鹳类主要的繁殖地龙王庙与东北泡子,农田耕地面积增多,而沼泽湿地与草甸面积减少,使得鸭类与鹤类数量大幅减少。建议需根据不同水鸟对栖息环境的适宜性需求,制定科学合理保护方案,进行有效保护。
        【Objective】 This study aimed to analyse the community composition of waterbirds, especially endangered birds such as cranes and storks, in different habitats of Khanka Lake and to provide a scientific basis for their conservation and management. 【Method】 We investigated the characteristic parameters of the waterbird community systematically from May 2014 to April 2015, and in December 2017 at six habitats in four regions of Hugang wetland, Longwang Temple, Dongbeipaozi Wetland and Qingshan Reservoir in Khanka Lake. 【Result】 In Khanka Lake, a total of 364 063 individuals from 85 species, 11 families and 7 orders were recorded; the wetland had the largest area, and hence the greatest number of bird species, and the highest diversity index of birds, dominated by Anseriformes and Charadriiformes. The woodland and shrubland had the fewest number of species because of the smallest area, whereas the shrubland had the lowest diversity index, and the composition of waterbirds was dominated by herons. Among the four regions, the diversity of waterbirds in Hugang was the highest, followed by Longwang Temple, and Dongbeipaozi Wetland, and Qingshan Reservoir was the lowest. There was a significant difference in the waterbird population sizes for the different regions due to the different habitats. 【Conclusion】 The population sizes of ducks and cranes in Khanka Lake decreased due to expanding habitat conversion and due to anthropogenic influences, especially the expansion of farmland and the shrinkage of wetlands and meadows in Longwang Temple and Dongbeipaozi Wetland, which were the main breeding sites for red-crowned cranes, white-naped cranes and oriental storks. We suggest that a habitat-based management strategy should be formulated for the conservation of waterbird communities in Khanka Lake.

引文

冯尚柱, 刘化金, 于文涛, 等. 2005. 兴凯湖湿地保护区鸟类多样性调查. 湿地科学, 3 (2):149-153.(Feng S Z, Liu H J, Yu W T, et al. 2005. The survey on bird diverstisy in Xingkai Lake, China. Wetland Science, 3 (2):149-153. [in Chinese])
    金铃, 赵春喜, 惠兆丽. 2000. 兴凯湖春季雁鸭类迁徙多样性及数量变化原因. 东北林业大学学报, 28 (1):78-80.(Jin L, Zhao C X, Hui Z L. 2000. Study on anatidae biodiversity in Xingkai Lake Natural Reserve in Spring. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 28 (1):78-80. [in Chinese])
    李智, 衣起超, 吴明官. 2011. 兴凯湖水位逐年上升原因分析. 水利科技与经济, 17 (8):30-33.(Li Z, Yi Q C, Wu M G. 2011. Analysis of the reason why the water level increase in Khanka lake year by year.Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy, 17 (8):30-33. [in Chinese])
    卢向东, 王朝贵, 王建强, 等. 2003. 兴凯湖地区东方白鹳迁徙动态及其停歇地环境条件研究. 林业科技, 28 (6):30-32.(Lu X D, Wang C G, Wang J Q, et al. 2003. Research on the migration trends of Oriental White Stork and environmental factors of parking area. Forestry Science & Technology, 28 (6):30-32. [in Chinese])
    马志龙, 金辛, 曾朝辉, 等. 2017. 兴凯湖湿地丹顶鹤迁徙与繁殖数量调查. 动物学杂志, 52 (1):138-143.(Ma Z L, Jin X, Zeng C H, et al. 2017. Population census of migration and breeding Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) in the Xingkai Lake, China. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 52 (1):138-143. [in Chinese])
    裴恩乐, 袁晓, 汤臣栋, 等. 2012. 上海地区水鸟群落结构和动态分布特征. 生态学杂志, 31 (10): 2599-2605.(Pei E L, Yuan X, Tang C D, et al. 2012. Community structure and dynamic distribution pattern of waterbird in Shanghai.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 31 (10): 2599-2605.[in Chinese])
    孙冬, 孙晓俊. 2006. 兴凯湖水文特性. 东北水利水电, 24 (4):21, 27.(Sun D, Sun X J. 2006. Hydrological characteristic if Xingkaihu lake. Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China, 24 (4):21, 27. [in Chinese])
    孙儒泳. 2006. 高等学校教学用书:动物生态学原理.3版. 北京:北京师范大学出版社, 636.(Sun R Y. 2006. Teaching books in Higher Education: Principles of Animal Ecology.3rd ed. Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press, 636. [in Chinese])
    王凤昆, 刘化金, 冯尚柱. 2006. 2005年兴凯湖中俄湿地鹤类调查. 野生动物, 27 (6):27-29.(Wang F K, Liu H J, Feng S Z. 2006. Cranes in Xingkai Lake Wetland in China and Russia during 2005. Chinese Wildlife, 27 (6):27-29. [in Chinese])
    于成龙, 袁力, 龚文峰. 2010. 基于GIS和RS兴凯湖国家级自然保护区景观时空格局变化. 东北林业大学学报, 38 (6):53-56.(Yu C L, Yuan L, Gong W F. 2010. RS/GIS based analysis on spatial temporal changes of landscape patterns in Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 38 (6):53-56. [in Chinese])
    于洪贤, 王尚, 马成学. 2014. 夏季大兴凯湖(中国一侧)沿岸带浮游植物群落动态变化. 水产学杂志, 27(3):1-5.(Yu H X, Wang S, Ma C X. 2014. The dynamic variation in Phytoplankton community in Daxingkai Lake (on Chinese side) coastal zone in Summer. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 27(3):1-5. [in Chinese])
    张强, 马克明, 李金亚, 等.2017. 不同尺度下停歇点湿地对迁徙水鸟影响研究综述. 生态学报, 37 (8): 2520-2529.(Zhang Q, Ma K M, Li J Y, et al. 2017. The effect of stopover wetlands on migratory waterbirds at different scales: a review. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37 (8):2520-2529. [in Chinese])
    张希国. 2011. 黑龙江省东方白鹳现状及种群恢复. 野生动物, 32(3):164-166.(Zhang X G. 2011. The status and population recovery of oriental White Stork in Heilongjiang Province,China. Chinese Wildlife, 32 (3):164-166. [in Chinese])
    郑光美. 2017. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录. 3版. 北京:科学出版社, 1-492.(Zheng G M. 2017. A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China.3rd ed. Beijing:Science Press, 1-492. [in Chinese])
    朱井丽, 吴庆明, 李晓民, 等. 2011. 兴凯湖保护区迁徙季节水禽多样性及种多度关系. 东北林业大学学报, 39 (9):132-134.(Zhu J L, Wu Q M, Li X M, et al. 2011. Community diversity and species abundance of waterbirds during migration season in Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 39(9):132-134. [in Chinese])
    Bocharnikov V N, Gluschenko Y N, Korobov D V, et al. 2015. Materials for the study of the spring migration of Waterfowl (Anseriformes, Aves) on the Lake Khanka. Achievements in the Life Sciences, 9 (2):87-94.
    Colwell M A. 2000. Waterbird communities in managed wetlands of varying water depth. Waterbirds: the International Journal of Waterbird Biology, 23 (1):45-55.
    Davis C A,Smith L M. 1998. Ecology and management of migrant shorebirds in the Playa Lake Region of Texas. Wildlife Monographs, 105 (140):44-45.
    Furness R W, Greenwood J J D, Jarvis P J. 1993. Can birds be used to monitor the environment?//Furness R W,Gyeenwood J J D.Bird as Monitors of Enviromental Changes.1st ed. Choman & Hall,Springer Netherland,1-343.
    Mulwa R K, Neuschulz E L, B?hning-Gaese K, et al. 2013. Seasonal fluctuations of resource abundance and avian feeding guilds across forest-farmland boundaries in Tropical Africa. Oikos, 122 (4): 524-532.
    Postnikova P V, Filimonov V S, Aponasenko A D, et al. 2004. The dispersed spatial structure of the loess water ecological system (using the Lake Khanka as an example). Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 5743.
    Wallin E, Milberg P. 1995. Effect of bean geese (Anser fabalis) grazing on winter wheat during migration stopover in southern Sweden. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 54 (1/2):103-108.