云南中部地区植被覆盖时空变化特征及其影响因素研究
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摘要
基于MODIS NDVI数据通过像元二分模型提取植被覆盖,利用线性趋势、相关分析方法分析了云南中部地区2000—2016年植被覆盖的时空分布特征与变化趋势,并探讨了气候因子、地形因子、人类活动对其植被覆盖的影响。研究结果为:云南中部地区植被覆盖春季最低(平均58.75%),秋季最高(平均66.30%),大部分地区年植被覆盖度的平均值在50%—70%之间;植被覆盖高值区主要分布在曲靖境内(>80%);滇池周边人口高密度区植被覆盖常年最低(<20%)。近17年来云南中部地区植被覆盖总体呈现增长趋势,年平均增长率0.3%·a~(-1),其中秋季增幅最大(0.42%·a~(-1))。坡度对植被覆盖影响较大,坡度≤8°地区的植被覆盖明显较低。除了冬季降水量与植被覆盖呈现显著正相关关系,其他季节多呈现负相关关系;气温与植被覆盖多呈现正相关关系,云南中部地区植被覆盖变化主要受气温影响。人类活动对植被覆盖变化影响较大,造林面积变化与植被覆盖趋势变化具有相对一致性,经济发展水平较高的昆明市区植被覆盖为常年最低。
Based on MODIS NDVI data, vegetation coverage by dimidiate pixel method was extracted in this study. Then the spatial-temporal variations and associated driving forces of vegetation coverage in central Yunnan from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed by the linear trend and correlation analysis. The results showed that the vegetation coverage was lowest in spring while the highest was in autumn, and the annual average value was 50—70%. The spatial distribution of vegetation coverage differed greatly, the high-value area was mainly distributed in Qujing, and the low-value area was mainly distributed around the Dianchi Lake. The vegetation coverage in central Yunnan had generally increased with an annual average growth rate of 0.3%·a~(-1) in the last 17 years, during which the largest increase was in autumn(0.42%·a~(-1)). The terrain slope had great influence on the vegetation coverage. The vegetation coverage in the region with a terrain slope less than 8 degrees was significantly lower than that in the area with slope more than 8 degrees. In addition to the significant positive correlation between winter precipitation and vegetation coverage, precipitation and vegetation coverage in other seasons showed negative correlation. The temperature was positively correlated with vegetation coverage, which was the main control factor in vegetation coverage variation. The vegetation coverage was strongly influenced by human activities in central Yunnan. The change of afforestation area was consistent with the annual trend of vegetation cover. The vegetation coverage in Kunming which had a relatively higher level of economic development was the lowest in all years.
Based on MODIS NDVI data, vegetation coverage by dimidiate pixel method was extracted in this study. Then the spatial-temporal variations and associated driving forces of vegetation coverage in central Yunnan from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed by the linear trend and correlation analysis. The results showed that the vegetation coverage was lowest in spring while the highest was in autumn, and the annual average value was 50—70%. The spatial distribution of vegetation coverage differed greatly, the high-value area was mainly distributed in Qujing, and the low-value area was mainly distributed around the Dianchi Lake. The vegetation coverage in central Yunnan had generally increased with an annual average growth rate of 0.3%·a~(-1) in the last 17 years, during which the largest increase was in autumn(0.42%·a~(-1)). The terrain slope had great influence on the vegetation coverage. The vegetation coverage in the region with a terrain slope less than 8 degrees was significantly lower than that in the area with slope more than 8 degrees. In addition to the significant positive correlation between winter precipitation and vegetation coverage, precipitation and vegetation coverage in other seasons showed negative correlation. The temperature was positively correlated with vegetation coverage, which was the main control factor in vegetation coverage variation. The vegetation coverage was strongly influenced by human activities in central Yunnan. The change of afforestation area was consistent with the annual trend of vegetation cover. The vegetation coverage in Kunming which had a relatively higher level of economic development was the lowest in all years.
引文
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[21]刘军会,高吉喜.气候和土地利用变化对中国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):2016-2022.
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[27]马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,等.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):251-256.
[28]卓嘎,陈思蓉,周兵.青藏高原植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):1-11.
[29]孙艳玲,郭鹏,延晓冬,等.内蒙古植被覆盖变化及其与气候、人类活动的关系[J].自然资源学报,2010,5(3):407-414.
[30]张远东,张笑鹤,刘世荣.西南地区不同植被类型归一化植被指数与气候因子的相关分析[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):323-330.
[31]杨艳丽,孙艳玲,王中良.2000-2013年海河流域植被覆盖变化的时空变化[J].干旱区资源与环境.2016,30(7):65-70.
[32]李石华,金宝轩,周峻松,等.抚仙湖流域植被覆盖度时空分异及其与坡度的关系[J].2017,36(3):165-170.
[33]黄清瀚,陈海山,华文剑.近30年来中国干旱生态区增暖放大现象及其与植被覆盖的联系[J].气候与环境研究,2018,23(1):72-82.
[2]袁丽华,蒋卫国,申文明,等.2000-2010年黄河流域植被覆盖的时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7798-7806.
[3]朴世龙,方精云.最近18年来中国植被覆盖的动态变化[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(4):294-302.
[4]田庆久,闵祥军.植被指数研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(4):327-333.
[5]王正兴,刘闯,HUETE A.植被指数研究进展:从AVHRR-NDVI到MODIS-EVI[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):979-987.
[6]刘宪锋,潘耀忠,朱秀芳,等.2000-2014年秦巴山区植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因[J].地理学报,2015,70(5):705-716.
[7]CARLSON T N,RIPLEY D A.On the relation between NDVI,fractional vegetation cover,and leaf area index[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,62(3):241-252.
[8]吴昌广.周志翔.肖文发.等.基于MODIS NDVI的三峡库区植被覆盖度动态监测[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):22-28.
[9]PENG Jian,LIU Zhenhuan,LIU Yinghui,et al.Trend analysis of vegetation dynamics in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using Hurst exponent[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,14(1):28-39.
[10]SUN Jian,CHENG Genwei,LI Weipeng,et al.On he variation of NDVI with the principal climatic elements in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Remote Sensing,2013,54(4):1894-1911.
[11]SHEN,Zhenxi,FU Gang,YU Chengqun,et al.Relationship between the growing season maximum enhanced vegetation index and climatic factors on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Remote Sensing,2014,6(8):6765-6768.
[12]MYNENI R B,KEELING C D,TUCKER C J,et al.Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from1981 to 1991[J].Nature,1997,386(6626):698-702.
[13]王宗明,国志兴,宋开山,等.中国东北地区植被NDVI对气候变化的响应[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1041-1048.
[14]刘斌,孙艳玲,王中良,等.华北地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因子的相对作用分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(1):12-23.
[15]韦振锋,王德光,张翀,等.1999-2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1665-1670.
[16]赵铭石.25a来黑河流域NDVI的时空演变与气候响应[D].兰州大学,2012:60.
[17]梁四海,陈江,金晓媚,等.近21年青藏高原植被覆盖变化规律[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(1):33-40.
[18]苏嫄,王志杰.基于遥感和GIS的陕南地区近20年植被覆盖时空变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):250-257.
[19]张珍珍,熊康宁,黄登红.近30年来梵净山植被覆盖时空变化及影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):183-191.
[20]赵安周,刘宪锋,朱秀芳,等.2000-2014年黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1568-1578.
[21]刘军会,高吉喜.气候和土地利用变化对中国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):2016-2022.
[22]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等.2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268.
[23]李立科.云南澜沧江流域植被时空动态及对区域气候变化的响应[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011:58.
[24]孔次芬.金沙江流域(云南段)植被覆盖变化与气候因子相关性研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2012:63.
[25]彭泽瑜,彭明春,王崇云,等.金沙江流域(云南部分)植被光谱特征季节变化研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(S2):373-377.
[26]侯西勇,应兰兰,高猛,等.1998-2008年中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征[J].地理科学,2010,16(5):735-741.
[27]马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,等.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):251-256.
[28]卓嘎,陈思蓉,周兵.青藏高原植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):1-11.
[29]孙艳玲,郭鹏,延晓冬,等.内蒙古植被覆盖变化及其与气候、人类活动的关系[J].自然资源学报,2010,5(3):407-414.
[30]张远东,张笑鹤,刘世荣.西南地区不同植被类型归一化植被指数与气候因子的相关分析[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):323-330.
[31]杨艳丽,孙艳玲,王中良.2000-2013年海河流域植被覆盖变化的时空变化[J].干旱区资源与环境.2016,30(7):65-70.
[32]李石华,金宝轩,周峻松,等.抚仙湖流域植被覆盖度时空分异及其与坡度的关系[J].2017,36(3):165-170.
[33]黄清瀚,陈海山,华文剑.近30年来中国干旱生态区增暖放大现象及其与植被覆盖的联系[J].气候与环境研究,2018,23(1):72-82.
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