区域耕地利用功能转型的理论解释与实证
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摘要
随着经济社会发展,由耕地利用类型结构、投入结构和种植结构决定的区域耕地利用功能究竟如何转型,至今悬而未决。通过分析诱致性生产替代与3种结构演变的内在联系,构建耕地利用功能转型综合解释框架及量化方法,选取广东省为典型地区,研究区域耕地利用功能转型。结果表明:①广东省耕地利用功能处于从经济社会型转向生态经济型转型的过渡期,但区域差异明显。其中,珠江三角洲耕地利用功能实现了从经济社会型向生态经济型的转型,东翼、西翼、山区实现了从社会生态型向经济社会型的转型;②广东省耕地利用功能转型的人文驱动机理表现为,经济—社会和社会—体制两方面的驱动力沿"城镇化发展—经济发展水平提高—诱致性生产替代—耕地利用结构演变—耕地利用功能形态转变"的级联驱动效应;③耕地利用结构演变分析是耕地利用功能转型研究的有效视角。随着经济社会从初级发展阶段经历中高级到高级阶段,在诱致性生产替代作用下,耕地利用类型结构、投入结构和种植结构演变将决定耕地利用功能从社会生态型向经济社会型、生态经济型转型;④对土地利用转型中"型"的内涵做出了新的阐释。在诱致性生产替代理论认知基础上,对耕地利用功能"型"之转变的深层机理进行了新的探索。这对缩小学术界与公众、决策层在耕地利用转型方面的认知鸿沟,以及推动土地利用转型深入研究具有重要意义。此外,提出了中国"旱改水"及耕地利用功能转型的社会生态效应管控建议。
Changes of cultivated land use structures including type structure, input structure,and plantation structure, could succinctly reveal change of cultivated land use function morphology. Cultivated land use function transition(CLUFT) in the process of socio-economic development, however, is currently an issue to be resolved. Based on the underlying relationship between induced production substitution and cultivated land use structure change,this paper established a comprehensive explanation framework of the CLUFT. Then, the regional CLUFT was studied with Guangdong province as a typical case area. Results show that cultivated land use functional morphology in Guangdong overall entered the interim stage of the transition from socio-economic morphology to ecological and economic morphology.Cultivated land use function in the Pearl River Delta has accomplished the transition from socio-economic morphology to ecological-economic morphology. The rest of districts of Guangdong, however, accomplished the transition from socio-ecological morphology to socioeconomic morphology. Both socio-economic and institutional forces drove the CLUFT in Guangdong. Mechanism of the CLUFT behaves as cascading effects of interactions among urbanization, socio-economic development, induced production substitution, changes of cultivated land use structures, and transformation of cultivated land use function morphologies. The positive analysis above justified the comprehensive explanation framework presented in this paper. That is, changes of cultivated land use structures could effectively denote cultivated land use function transition. With socio-economic development from its primary stage to an advanced one, changes of cultivated land use structures will drive transition of cultivated land use function morphology from socio-ecological morphology to socio-economic morphology,and to ecological and economic morphology under the direct force of induced production substitution. This paper presented new knowledges on morphology and transition explanations in land use transition research. Furthermore, new knowledges on the underlying mechanism of cultivated land use transition has been developed based on rethinking of the induced production substitution in agriculture. This study is of significance to bridge the knowledge gap of cultivated land use transition among scholars, the public, and policy makers and to deepen further research on land use transition. Finally, suggestions on transformation from dryland to paddy filed in southern China and control of socio-ecological effects of cultivated land use function transition were discussed.
Changes of cultivated land use structures including type structure, input structure,and plantation structure, could succinctly reveal change of cultivated land use function morphology. Cultivated land use function transition(CLUFT) in the process of socio-economic development, however, is currently an issue to be resolved. Based on the underlying relationship between induced production substitution and cultivated land use structure change,this paper established a comprehensive explanation framework of the CLUFT. Then, the regional CLUFT was studied with Guangdong province as a typical case area. Results show that cultivated land use functional morphology in Guangdong overall entered the interim stage of the transition from socio-economic morphology to ecological and economic morphology.Cultivated land use function in the Pearl River Delta has accomplished the transition from socio-economic morphology to ecological-economic morphology. The rest of districts of Guangdong, however, accomplished the transition from socio-ecological morphology to socioeconomic morphology. Both socio-economic and institutional forces drove the CLUFT in Guangdong. Mechanism of the CLUFT behaves as cascading effects of interactions among urbanization, socio-economic development, induced production substitution, changes of cultivated land use structures, and transformation of cultivated land use function morphologies. The positive analysis above justified the comprehensive explanation framework presented in this paper. That is, changes of cultivated land use structures could effectively denote cultivated land use function transition. With socio-economic development from its primary stage to an advanced one, changes of cultivated land use structures will drive transition of cultivated land use function morphology from socio-ecological morphology to socio-economic morphology,and to ecological and economic morphology under the direct force of induced production substitution. This paper presented new knowledges on morphology and transition explanations in land use transition research. Furthermore, new knowledges on the underlying mechanism of cultivated land use transition has been developed based on rethinking of the induced production substitution in agriculture. This study is of significance to bridge the knowledge gap of cultivated land use transition among scholars, the public, and policy makers and to deepen further research on land use transition. Finally, suggestions on transformation from dryland to paddy filed in southern China and control of socio-ecological effects of cultivated land use function transition were discussed.
引文
[1] Li H, Wu Y Z, Huang X J, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution and classification of marginalization of cultivated land in the process of urbanization. Habitat International, 2017, 61:1-8.
[2] Liu Chengwu, Li Xiubin. Diagnosis on the marginalisation of arable land use in China. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(5):145-154.[刘成武,李秀彬.对中国农地边际化现象的诊断:以三大粮食作物生产的平均状况为例.地理研究,2006, 25(5):145-154.]
[3] Li Xiubin, Zhao Yuluan. Forest transition, agricultural land marginalization and ecological restoration. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(10):91-95.[李秀彬,赵宇鸾.森林转型、农地边际化与生态恢复.中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(10):91-95.]
[4] Zhang Q, Song C H, Chen X D. Effects of China's payment for ecosystem services programs on cropland abandonment:A case study in Tiantangzhai Township, Anhui, China. Land Use Policy, 2018, 73:239-248.
[5] Zhang Y, Li X B, Song W, et al. Land abandonment under rural restructuring in China explained from a cost-benefit perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 47(47):524-532.
[6] Zhao Yuluan, Li Xiubin, Xin Liangjie, et al. Driving forces of"poplar expansion and cropland shrinkage"in the North China Plain:A case study of Wen'an County, Hebei Province. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(2):323-333.[赵宇鸾,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.华北平原“杨上粮下”现象的驱动机制:以河北省文安县为例.地理研究, 2012, 31(2):323-333.]
[7] Song Xiaoqing, Ouyang Zhu. Connotation of multifunctional cultivated land and its implications for cultivated land Protection. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(7):859-868.[宋小青,欧阳竹.耕地多功能内涵及其对耕地保护的启示.地理科学进展, 2012, 31(7):859-868.]
[8] Song Xiaoqing, Ouyang Zhu. Route of multifunctional cultivated land management in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(4):540-551.[宋小青,欧阳竹.中国耕地多功能管理的实践路径探讨.自然资源学报, 2012, 27(4):540-551.]
[9] Song Xiaoqing, Wu Zhifeng, Ouyang Zhu. Changes of cultivated land function in China since 1949. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(4):435-447.[宋小青,吴志峰,欧阳竹. 1949年以来中国耕地功能变化.地理学报, 2014, 69(4):435-447.]
[10] Long Hualou. Land use transition and land management. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(9):1607-1618.[龙花楼.论土地利用转型与土地资源管理.地理研究, 2015, 34(9):1607-1618.]
[11] Long H L, Qu Y. Land use transitions and land management:A mutual feedback perspective. Land Use Policy, 2018, 74:111-120.
[12] Song Xiaoqing. Discussion on land use transition research framework. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(3):471-487.[宋小青.论土地利用转型的研究框架.地理学报, 2017, 72(3):471-487.]
[13] Yang Xue, Tan Minghong. Changes and relationships of arable land functions in Beijing in recent years. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(5):733-743.[杨雪,谈明洪.近年来北京市耕地多功能演变及其关联性.自然资源学报,2014, 29(5):733-743.]
[14] Yang Xue, Tan Minghong. Spatial differences and evolution of arable land functions in Beijing. Geographical Research,2014, 33(6):1106-1118.[杨雪,谈明洪.北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变.地理研究, 2014, 33(6):1106-1118.]
[15] Zhang Yingnan, Long Hualou, Ge Dazhuan, et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics and dynamic mechanism of farmland functions evolution in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(3):518-534.[张英男,龙花楼,戈大专,等.黄淮海平原耕地功能演变的时空特征及其驱动机制.地理学报, 2018, 73(3):518-534.]
[16] Cai Yinying. Relationship between Agricultural Land Ecology and Value. Beijing:Science China Press, 2010.[蔡银莺.农地生态与农地价值关系.北京:科学出版社, 2010.]
[17] Xie Gaodi, Zhang Caixia, Zhang Leiming, et al. Improvement of the Evaluation Method for Ecosystem Service Value Based on Per Unit Area, 2015(8):1243-1254.[谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进.自然资源学报, 2015, 30(8):1243-1254.]
[18] Lu X, Shi Y Y, Chen C L, et al. Monitoring cropland transition and its impact on ecosystem services value in developed regions of China:A case study of Jiangsu Province. Land Use Policy, 2017, 69:25-40.
[19] Song B J, Robinson G M, Zhou Z X. Agricultural transformation and ecosystem services:A case study from Shaanxi Province, China. Habitat International, 2017, 69:114-125.
[20] Demestihas C, Plénet D, Génard M, et al. Analyzing ecosystem services in apple orchards using the STICS model.European Journal of Agronomy, 2018, 94:108-119.
[21] Stephen A, Karp, Daniel S, et al. Functional traits in agriculture:Agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2015, 30(9):531-539.
[22] Foley J A, DeFries R, Asner G P, et al. Global consequences of land use. Science, 2005, 309(22):570-574.
[23] Department of Price of National Development and Reform Commission. Data Compilation of the National Agricultural Costs and Returns(2016). Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.[国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编(2016).北京:中国统计出版社, 2016.]
[24] Grainger A. National land use morphology:Patterns and possibilities. Geography, 1995, 80(3):235-245.
[25] Hayami Y, Ruttan V W. Agricultural Development:An International Perspective. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD:John Hopkins University Press, 1985.
[26] Yamada S, Ruttan V W. International comparisons of productivity in agriculture//Yamada S, Ruttan V W. New Developments in Productivity Measurement. Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, 1980:507-594.
[27] Song X Q, Wu Z F. Modelling and mapping trends in grain production growth in China. Outlook on Agriculture, 2013,42(4):255-263.
[28] National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook(1996). Beijing:China Statistics Press, 1996.[中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(1996).北京:中国统计出版社, 1996.]
[29] National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. China statistical bulletins on national economic and social development. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2018.[中华人民共和国国家统计局.中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.北京:中国统计出版社, 2018.]
[30] Editorial board of Guangdong Rural Statistical Yearbook. Guangdong Rural Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 1993-2016.[广东农村统计年鉴编辑委员会.广东农村统计年鉴(1993-2016).北京:中国统计出版社, 1993-2016.]
[31] Bi Yuyun, Zheng Zhenyuan. The actual changes of cultivated area since the founding of new China. Resources Science,2000, 22(2):8-12.[毕于运,郑振源.建国以来中国实有耕地面积增减变化分析.资源科学, 2000, 22(2):8-12.]
[32] Feng Zhiming, Liu Baoqin, Yang Yanzhao. A study of the changing trend of Chinese cultivated land amount and data reconstructing:1949-2003. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(1):35-43.[封志明,刘宝勤,杨艳昭.中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势分析:1949-2003.自然资源学报, 2005, 20(1):35-43.]
[33] Wang Yong, Wang Bin, Ma Cang, et al. Study on the multiple cropping index based on revised cultivated land area in China. China Land science, 2008, 22(12):46-52.[汪涌,王滨,马仓,等.基于耕地面积订正的中国复种指数研究.中国土地科学, 2008, 22(12):46-52.]
[34] Bureau of Statistics of Guangdong Province. Guangdong Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 1993-2016.[广东省统计局.广东统计年鉴(1993-2016).北京:中国统计出版社, 1993-2016.]
[2] Liu Chengwu, Li Xiubin. Diagnosis on the marginalisation of arable land use in China. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(5):145-154.[刘成武,李秀彬.对中国农地边际化现象的诊断:以三大粮食作物生产的平均状况为例.地理研究,2006, 25(5):145-154.]
[3] Li Xiubin, Zhao Yuluan. Forest transition, agricultural land marginalization and ecological restoration. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(10):91-95.[李秀彬,赵宇鸾.森林转型、农地边际化与生态恢复.中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(10):91-95.]
[4] Zhang Q, Song C H, Chen X D. Effects of China's payment for ecosystem services programs on cropland abandonment:A case study in Tiantangzhai Township, Anhui, China. Land Use Policy, 2018, 73:239-248.
[5] Zhang Y, Li X B, Song W, et al. Land abandonment under rural restructuring in China explained from a cost-benefit perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 47(47):524-532.
[6] Zhao Yuluan, Li Xiubin, Xin Liangjie, et al. Driving forces of"poplar expansion and cropland shrinkage"in the North China Plain:A case study of Wen'an County, Hebei Province. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(2):323-333.[赵宇鸾,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.华北平原“杨上粮下”现象的驱动机制:以河北省文安县为例.地理研究, 2012, 31(2):323-333.]
[7] Song Xiaoqing, Ouyang Zhu. Connotation of multifunctional cultivated land and its implications for cultivated land Protection. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(7):859-868.[宋小青,欧阳竹.耕地多功能内涵及其对耕地保护的启示.地理科学进展, 2012, 31(7):859-868.]
[8] Song Xiaoqing, Ouyang Zhu. Route of multifunctional cultivated land management in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(4):540-551.[宋小青,欧阳竹.中国耕地多功能管理的实践路径探讨.自然资源学报, 2012, 27(4):540-551.]
[9] Song Xiaoqing, Wu Zhifeng, Ouyang Zhu. Changes of cultivated land function in China since 1949. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(4):435-447.[宋小青,吴志峰,欧阳竹. 1949年以来中国耕地功能变化.地理学报, 2014, 69(4):435-447.]
[10] Long Hualou. Land use transition and land management. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(9):1607-1618.[龙花楼.论土地利用转型与土地资源管理.地理研究, 2015, 34(9):1607-1618.]
[11] Long H L, Qu Y. Land use transitions and land management:A mutual feedback perspective. Land Use Policy, 2018, 74:111-120.
[12] Song Xiaoqing. Discussion on land use transition research framework. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(3):471-487.[宋小青.论土地利用转型的研究框架.地理学报, 2017, 72(3):471-487.]
[13] Yang Xue, Tan Minghong. Changes and relationships of arable land functions in Beijing in recent years. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(5):733-743.[杨雪,谈明洪.近年来北京市耕地多功能演变及其关联性.自然资源学报,2014, 29(5):733-743.]
[14] Yang Xue, Tan Minghong. Spatial differences and evolution of arable land functions in Beijing. Geographical Research,2014, 33(6):1106-1118.[杨雪,谈明洪.北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变.地理研究, 2014, 33(6):1106-1118.]
[15] Zhang Yingnan, Long Hualou, Ge Dazhuan, et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics and dynamic mechanism of farmland functions evolution in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(3):518-534.[张英男,龙花楼,戈大专,等.黄淮海平原耕地功能演变的时空特征及其驱动机制.地理学报, 2018, 73(3):518-534.]
[16] Cai Yinying. Relationship between Agricultural Land Ecology and Value. Beijing:Science China Press, 2010.[蔡银莺.农地生态与农地价值关系.北京:科学出版社, 2010.]
[17] Xie Gaodi, Zhang Caixia, Zhang Leiming, et al. Improvement of the Evaluation Method for Ecosystem Service Value Based on Per Unit Area, 2015(8):1243-1254.[谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进.自然资源学报, 2015, 30(8):1243-1254.]
[18] Lu X, Shi Y Y, Chen C L, et al. Monitoring cropland transition and its impact on ecosystem services value in developed regions of China:A case study of Jiangsu Province. Land Use Policy, 2017, 69:25-40.
[19] Song B J, Robinson G M, Zhou Z X. Agricultural transformation and ecosystem services:A case study from Shaanxi Province, China. Habitat International, 2017, 69:114-125.
[20] Demestihas C, Plénet D, Génard M, et al. Analyzing ecosystem services in apple orchards using the STICS model.European Journal of Agronomy, 2018, 94:108-119.
[21] Stephen A, Karp, Daniel S, et al. Functional traits in agriculture:Agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2015, 30(9):531-539.
[22] Foley J A, DeFries R, Asner G P, et al. Global consequences of land use. Science, 2005, 309(22):570-574.
[23] Department of Price of National Development and Reform Commission. Data Compilation of the National Agricultural Costs and Returns(2016). Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.[国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编(2016).北京:中国统计出版社, 2016.]
[24] Grainger A. National land use morphology:Patterns and possibilities. Geography, 1995, 80(3):235-245.
[25] Hayami Y, Ruttan V W. Agricultural Development:An International Perspective. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD:John Hopkins University Press, 1985.
[26] Yamada S, Ruttan V W. International comparisons of productivity in agriculture//Yamada S, Ruttan V W. New Developments in Productivity Measurement. Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, 1980:507-594.
[27] Song X Q, Wu Z F. Modelling and mapping trends in grain production growth in China. Outlook on Agriculture, 2013,42(4):255-263.
[28] National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook(1996). Beijing:China Statistics Press, 1996.[中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(1996).北京:中国统计出版社, 1996.]
[29] National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. China statistical bulletins on national economic and social development. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2018.[中华人民共和国国家统计局.中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.北京:中国统计出版社, 2018.]
[30] Editorial board of Guangdong Rural Statistical Yearbook. Guangdong Rural Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 1993-2016.[广东农村统计年鉴编辑委员会.广东农村统计年鉴(1993-2016).北京:中国统计出版社, 1993-2016.]
[31] Bi Yuyun, Zheng Zhenyuan. The actual changes of cultivated area since the founding of new China. Resources Science,2000, 22(2):8-12.[毕于运,郑振源.建国以来中国实有耕地面积增减变化分析.资源科学, 2000, 22(2):8-12.]
[32] Feng Zhiming, Liu Baoqin, Yang Yanzhao. A study of the changing trend of Chinese cultivated land amount and data reconstructing:1949-2003. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(1):35-43.[封志明,刘宝勤,杨艳昭.中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势分析:1949-2003.自然资源学报, 2005, 20(1):35-43.]
[33] Wang Yong, Wang Bin, Ma Cang, et al. Study on the multiple cropping index based on revised cultivated land area in China. China Land science, 2008, 22(12):46-52.[汪涌,王滨,马仓,等.基于耕地面积订正的中国复种指数研究.中国土地科学, 2008, 22(12):46-52.]
[34] Bureau of Statistics of Guangdong Province. Guangdong Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 1993-2016.[广东省统计局.广东统计年鉴(1993-2016).北京:中国统计出版社, 1993-2016.]
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