基于AHP-PCA熵权模型的大渡河流域中上游地区生态环境脆弱性评价
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摘要
大渡河流域中上游地区是长江上游重要的生态屏障和功能区,及时掌握其生态环境脆弱性真实状况,有助于实现区域生态环境的保护。研究从地形、气候、植被等方面选择9个指标,同时将GIS技术与AHP-PCA熵组合权重模型相结合,完成了大渡河中上游地区2000—2015年不同时期的生态环境脆弱性评价与分析。结果表明:(1)研究区生态环境脆弱性呈现出明显的垂直梯度变化,由南向北脆弱度逐渐降低。(2)将脆弱性指数分5个等级,各等级间面积比例差异明显,表现为微度>轻度>潜在>中度>重度,轻度及以下脆弱区面积比例达到全区的80%以上,其整体处于中等脆弱水平。(3)研究时期内该地区各时段的生态环境脆弱性综合指数分别为2.552 1,2.541 0,2.517 0,2.494 9,其整体呈现明显好转的发展趋势。(4)流域中上游地区生态环境的好转,主要得益于国家系列生态环境保护与重建工程的实施,同时水电资源的大量开发也对其脆弱性的加剧产生一定影响。(5)研究针对该地区生态环境恢复重建,结合区域实际将其分为3个治理区并分别提出相应建议。
The middle-upper reaches of the Dadu River Basin are important ecological barriers and functional areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and it is helpful to realize the protection of regional ecological environment to grasp the real situation of its ecological environment vulnerability in time. We select nine indexes from topography, climate, vegetation and so on, and combine GIS technology and AHP-PCA entropy combination weight model to complete the evaluation and analysis of ecological environment vulnerability in the study area in different period 2000—2015. The following results are obtained.(1) The vulnerability of ecological environment in watershed area shows obvious vertical gradient change, and the vulnerability of south to north gradually decreases.(2) In the study, the vulnerability index can be divided into five grades, the difference of the area between the different grades are obvious, the degree of mild and the potential to moderate, and the area of light and following vulnerable areas reach up to more than 80% of the whole region, which is at the level of the medium vulnerability.(2) During the study period, the comprehensive indexes of ecological environment vulnerability in different periods were 2.552 1, 2.541 0, 2.517 0 and 2.494 9, respectively, and the overall development trend of the region showed the obvious improvement.(4) The improvement of ecological environment in the middle and upper reaches of the basin was mainly due to the implementation of the national series of ecological environmental protection and reconstruction projects, and the extensive development of hydropower resources also had a certain impact on the intensification of its vulnerability.(5) Finally, the study aims at the restoration and reconstruction of ecological environment in this area, the area can be divided into 3 harnessing regions in terms of the situation of the area, and corresponding suggestions on each harnessing region are put forward.
The middle-upper reaches of the Dadu River Basin are important ecological barriers and functional areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and it is helpful to realize the protection of regional ecological environment to grasp the real situation of its ecological environment vulnerability in time. We select nine indexes from topography, climate, vegetation and so on, and combine GIS technology and AHP-PCA entropy combination weight model to complete the evaluation and analysis of ecological environment vulnerability in the study area in different period 2000—2015. The following results are obtained.(1) The vulnerability of ecological environment in watershed area shows obvious vertical gradient change, and the vulnerability of south to north gradually decreases.(2) In the study, the vulnerability index can be divided into five grades, the difference of the area between the different grades are obvious, the degree of mild and the potential to moderate, and the area of light and following vulnerable areas reach up to more than 80% of the whole region, which is at the level of the medium vulnerability.(2) During the study period, the comprehensive indexes of ecological environment vulnerability in different periods were 2.552 1, 2.541 0, 2.517 0 and 2.494 9, respectively, and the overall development trend of the region showed the obvious improvement.(4) The improvement of ecological environment in the middle and upper reaches of the basin was mainly due to the implementation of the national series of ecological environmental protection and reconstruction projects, and the extensive development of hydropower resources also had a certain impact on the intensification of its vulnerability.(5) Finally, the study aims at the restoration and reconstruction of ecological environment in this area, the area can be divided into 3 harnessing regions in terms of the situation of the area, and corresponding suggestions on each harnessing region are put forward.
引文
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[19] 赵冰,张杰,孙希华.基于GIS的淮河流域桐柏—大别山区生态脆弱性评价[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):135-138.
[20] 于伯华,吕昌河.青藏高原高寒区生态脆弱性评价[J].地理研究,2011,30(12):2289-2295.
[21] 夏兴生,朱秀芳,李月臣,等.基于AHP-PCA熵组合权重模型的三峡库区(重庆段)农业生态环境脆弱性评价[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(4):548-556.
[22] 侯成成,赵雪雁,张丽,等.基于熵组合权重属性识别模型的草原生态安全评价:以甘南黄河水源补给区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(8):44-51.
[23] 吴开亚,金菊良.区域生态安全评价的熵组合权重属性识别模型[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):754-758.
[24] Li A,Wang A,Liang S,et al.Eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation in mountainous region using remote sensing and GIS:A case study in the upper reaches of minjiang River,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2006,192(1/2):175-187.
[25] Shao H,Sun X,Tao S,et al.Environmental vulnerability assessment in middle-upper reaches of Dadu River Watershed using Projection Pursuit Model and gis[J].Carpathian Journal of Earth & Environmental Sciences,2015,10(4):143-146.
[26] Shao H,Sun X,Wang H,et al.A method to the impact assessment of the returning grazing land to grassland project on regional eco-environmental vulnerability[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2016,56:155-167.
[27] 谭剑波,李爱农,雷光斌.青藏高原东南缘气象要素Anusplin和Cokriging空间插值对比分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(4):875-886.
[28] 徐庆勇,黄玫,陆佩玲,等.基于RS与GIS的长江三角洲生态环境脆弱性综合评价[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(1):58-65.
[29] 邵秋芳,彭培好,黄洁,等.长江上游安宁河流域生态环境脆弱性遥感监测[J].国土资源遥感,2016,28(2):175-181.
[2] 邵怀勇.川西山原区生态环境脆弱性评价[C]//2017年中国地理学会经济地理专业委员会学术年会论文摘要集.中国地理学会经济地理专业委员会:中国地理学会,2017:1.
[3] 韦晶,郭亚敏,孙林,等.三江源地区生态环境脆弱性评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1968-1975.
[4] 陈金月,王石英.岷江上游生态环境脆弱性评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(3):471-479.
[5] 李永化,范强,王雪,等.基于SRP模型的自然灾害多发区生态脆弱性时空分异研究:以辽宁省朝阳县为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(11):1452-1459.
[6] 齐姗姗,巩杰,钱彩云,等.基于SRP模型的甘肃省白龙江流域生态环境脆弱性评价[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):224-228.
[7] 刘正佳,于兴修,李蕾,等.基于SRP概念模型的沂蒙山区生态环境脆弱性评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2084-2090.
[8] 解雪峰,吴涛,肖翠,等.基于PSR模型的东阳江流域生态安全评价[J].资源科学,2014,36(8):1702-1711.
[9] 谢余初,巩杰,张玲玲.基于PSR模型的白龙江流域景观生态安全时空变化[J].地理科学,2015,35(6):790-797.
[10] 孙平军,修春亮,王忠芝.基于PSE模型的矿业城市生态脆弱性的变化研究:以辽宁阜新为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1354-1359.
[11] 杨斌,詹金凤,李茂娇.岷江上游流域环境脆弱性评价[J].国土资源遥感,2014,26(4):138-144.
[12] 赵乾坤,王治国,张光灿,等.山西省水土保持功能区生态脆弱性评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(6):16-22.
[13] 杨存建,陈静安,白忠,等.利用遥感和GIS进行四川省生态安全评价研究[J].电子科技大学学报,2009,38(5):700-706.
[14] 谢人栋,赵翠薇.基于栅格尺度的喀斯特槽谷区生态环境脆弱性时空分异研究[J].长江科学院院报,2018,35(4):48-53.
[15] Xiaobin R,Zhibao D,Guangyin H,et al.A gis-based assessment of vulnerability to aeolian desertification in the source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(8):626-649.
[16] 宋豫秦,曹明兰.基于RS和GIS的北京市景观生态安全评价[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2879-2895.
[17] 马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,等.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
[18] Shao H,Liu M,Shao Q,et al.Research on eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation of the Anning River Basin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(5):1555-1568.
[19] 赵冰,张杰,孙希华.基于GIS的淮河流域桐柏—大别山区生态脆弱性评价[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):135-138.
[20] 于伯华,吕昌河.青藏高原高寒区生态脆弱性评价[J].地理研究,2011,30(12):2289-2295.
[21] 夏兴生,朱秀芳,李月臣,等.基于AHP-PCA熵组合权重模型的三峡库区(重庆段)农业生态环境脆弱性评价[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(4):548-556.
[22] 侯成成,赵雪雁,张丽,等.基于熵组合权重属性识别模型的草原生态安全评价:以甘南黄河水源补给区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(8):44-51.
[23] 吴开亚,金菊良.区域生态安全评价的熵组合权重属性识别模型[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):754-758.
[24] Li A,Wang A,Liang S,et al.Eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation in mountainous region using remote sensing and GIS:A case study in the upper reaches of minjiang River,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2006,192(1/2):175-187.
[25] Shao H,Sun X,Tao S,et al.Environmental vulnerability assessment in middle-upper reaches of Dadu River Watershed using Projection Pursuit Model and gis[J].Carpathian Journal of Earth & Environmental Sciences,2015,10(4):143-146.
[26] Shao H,Sun X,Wang H,et al.A method to the impact assessment of the returning grazing land to grassland project on regional eco-environmental vulnerability[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2016,56:155-167.
[27] 谭剑波,李爱农,雷光斌.青藏高原东南缘气象要素Anusplin和Cokriging空间插值对比分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(4):875-886.
[28] 徐庆勇,黄玫,陆佩玲,等.基于RS与GIS的长江三角洲生态环境脆弱性综合评价[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(1):58-65.
[29] 邵秋芳,彭培好,黄洁,等.长江上游安宁河流域生态环境脆弱性遥感监测[J].国土资源遥感,2016,28(2):175-181.