大伙房水库流域不同水源涵养林土壤微生物量碳氮特征及其影响因素
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摘要
以大伙房水库流域4种不同水源涵养林植被类型为研究对象,研究土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量以及土壤理化性质和凋落物养分的变化特征,运用通径分析模型,探讨土壤微生物量对土壤理化性质和凋落物养分的响应。结果表明:1)不同植被类型土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)含量表现为0～10 cm> 10～20 cm土层,且刺槐天然次生林显著高于其他植被类型;土壤C/N变化范围在11. 17～16. 42,土壤无机氮以NH4+-N为主,占77%。2)土壤MBC和MBN质量分数分别为92. 69～562. 55 mg/kg和64. 10～193. 42mg/kg,均表现为刺槐天然次生林>油松人工林>落叶松人工林>红松人工林,0～10 cm土壤MBC、MBN质量分数分别是10～20 cm土层的1. 83～2. 55、1. 18～1. 62倍。3)土壤MBC/MBN变化范围在1. 40～3. 15之间,土壤微生物量碳熵、氮熵的变化范围分别0. 38～0. 81%、3. 26～3. 59%。4)相关分析表明,土壤理化性质、凋落物养分质量分数与土壤MBC、MBN质量分数显著正相关;通径分析结果表明,土壤全氮、无机氮、有机碳、土壤含水量是直接影响该区域不同植被类型土壤微生物量碳氮的主导因素。研究结果表明刺槐天然次生林土壤质量较优于针叶人工林,建议今后在大伙房水库流域应减少人为干扰,加强对刺槐天然次生林水源涵养林的建设和保护。
[Background] Soil microbial biomass is the most active part of soil organic matter,which can be used to characterize soil property,and plays an important role in the process of biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Investigating the character of soil microbial biomass under different water conservation forests could be helpful in the construction of water conservation forest in Dahuofang Watershed. [Methods]In order to clarify the effect of vegetation type on soil microbial biomass,a field experiment was conducted in 4 different vegetation types(Larix gmelinii,Pinus koraiensis,Pinus tabuliformis,and Robinia pseudoacacia) of water conservation forests in Dahuofang Watershed. We measured soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) and analyzed the response of soil microbial biomass to soil physical-chemical properties and litter nutrient content by path analysis model. [Results] 1) The content of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N), and nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) were significantly higher in R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests than other three vegetation types(P < 0. 05),which decreased gradually with increasing soil depth. The range of C/N was 11. 17-16. 42,and the content of soil NH4+-N accounted for 77% of soil total inorganic nitrogen. 2) The content of MBC and MBN were 92. 69 ～562. 55 mg/kg and 64. 10-193. 42 mg/kg,respectively,which were in the order of R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests > P. tabuliformis plantation > L. gmelinii plantation > P. koraiensis plantation.The content of MBC and MBN in 0-10 cm soil layer were 1. 83-2. 55、1. 18-1. 62 times more than those in 10 ～ 20 cm soil layer,respectively. 3) The ration of MBC/MBN was 1. 40-3. 15,and soil microbial biomass carbon entropy(q MBC) and nitrogen entropy(q MBN) were 0. 38%-0. 81% 、3. 26%-3. 59%,respectively. 4) There was a significant positive correlation between microbial biomass and soil physical-chemical properties and litter nutrient content. Path analysis showed that the TN,NH4+-N,NO3--N,SOC and SWC(soil water content) were the most important factors affecting soil microbial biomass in different vegetation types of water conservation forests in Dahuofang Watershed.[Conclusions] The content of MBC,MBN and litter nutrient content in R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests was higher than other three vegetation types,which suggests that R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests better improves soil quality than coniferous plantations. Our results impliy that we should pay more attention to the protection of R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests in the Dahuofang Watershed in order to improve soil quality.
[Background] Soil microbial biomass is the most active part of soil organic matter,which can be used to characterize soil property,and plays an important role in the process of biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Investigating the character of soil microbial biomass under different water conservation forests could be helpful in the construction of water conservation forest in Dahuofang Watershed. [Methods]In order to clarify the effect of vegetation type on soil microbial biomass,a field experiment was conducted in 4 different vegetation types(Larix gmelinii,Pinus koraiensis,Pinus tabuliformis,and Robinia pseudoacacia) of water conservation forests in Dahuofang Watershed. We measured soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) and analyzed the response of soil microbial biomass to soil physical-chemical properties and litter nutrient content by path analysis model. [Results] 1) The content of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N), and nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) were significantly higher in R.pseudoacacia natural secondary forests than other three vegetation types(P < 0. 05),which decreased gradually with increasing soil depth. The range of C/N was 11. 17-16. 42,and the content of soil NH4+-N accounted for 77% of soil total inorganic nitrogen. 2) The content of MBC and MBN were 92. 69 ～562. 55 mg/kg and 64. 10-193. 42 mg/kg,respectively,which were in the order of R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests > P. tabuliformis plantation > L. gmelinii plantation > P. koraiensis plantation.The content of MBC and MBN in 0-10 cm soil layer were 1. 83-2. 55、1. 18-1. 62 times more than those in 10 ～ 20 cm soil layer,respectively. 3) The ration of MBC/MBN was 1. 40-3. 15,and soil microbial biomass carbon entropy(q MBC) and nitrogen entropy(q MBN) were 0. 38%-0. 81% 、3. 26%-3. 59%,respectively. 4) There was a significant positive correlation between microbial biomass and soil physical-chemical properties and litter nutrient content. Path analysis showed that the TN,NH4+-N,NO3--N,SOC and SWC(soil water content) were the most important factors affecting soil microbial biomass in different vegetation types of water conservation forests in Dahuofang Watershed.[Conclusions] The content of MBC,MBN and litter nutrient content in R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests was higher than other three vegetation types,which suggests that R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests better improves soil quality than coniferous plantations. Our results impliy that we should pay more attention to the protection of R. pseudoacacia natural secondary forests in the Dahuofang Watershed in order to improve soil quality.
引文
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[15]史玉强,刘建东,金永民,等.辽宁大伙房水库水质健康风险评估[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):60.SHI Yuqiang LIU Jiandong JIN Yongmin,et al. Water quality assessment of health risks of Dahuofang reservoir[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2013,29(3):60.
[16]高佳,苏芳莉,孟繁斌.大伙房水库流域重金属Cu分布特征规律[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):235.GAO Jia,SU Fangli,MENG Fanbin. Distribution characteristics rules of cu in dahuofang reservoir basin[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):235.
[17]王琼,李法云,范志平,等.辽宁省大伙房水库及入库河流水质空间特征与河库水质关系[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):775.WANG Qiong,LI Fayun,FAN Zhiping,et al. Spatial variations of water quality in Dahuofang Reservoir and its joint rivers,and the relationship of water quality between river and reservoir(Liaoning Province)[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(4):775.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:22.BAO Shidan. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis(3rd Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:22.
[19]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54.WU Jinshui, LIN Qimei, HUANG Qiaoyun, et al.Methods and application of microbial biomass[M]. Beijing:Meteorological Press,2006:54.
[20]李娇,蒋先敏,尹华军,等.不同林龄云杉人工林的根系分泌物与土壤微生物[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):325.LI Jiao,JIANG Xianmin,YIN Huajun,et al. Root exudates and soil microbes in three Picea asperata plantations with different stand ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):325.
[21]黄钰辉,张卫强,甘先华,等.南亚热带杉木林改造不同树种配置模式的土壤质量评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):123.HUANG Yuhui,ZHANG Weiqiang,GAN Xianhua,et al. Soil quality assessment on different tree species composition patterns in Cunninghamia lanceolata stand conversion in south subtropics[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(3):123.
[22]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:50.HUANG Changyong. Soil science[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:50.
[23] LUNGMUANA,SINGH S B,VANTHAWMLIANA,et al. Impact of secondary forest fallow period on soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity dynamics under shifting cultivation in North Eastern Hill region,India[J]. Catena,2017(156):10.
[24]牛小云,孙晓梅,陈东升,等.辽东山区不同林龄日本落叶松人工林土壤微生物、养分及酶活性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2663.NIU Xiaoyun,SUN Xiaomei,CHEN Dongsheng,et al.Soil microorganisms,nutrients and enzyme activity of Larix kaempferi plantation under different ages in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2663.
[25] XU B,WANG J,WU N,et al. Seasonal and interannual dynamics of soil microbial biomass and available nitrogen in an alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J]. Biogeosciences,2018,15(2):567.
[2]柳杨,何先进,侯恩庆.鼎湖山森林演替和海拔梯度上的土壤微生物生物量碳氮变化[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):287.LIU Yang,HE Xianjin,HOU Enqing. Changes in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in forest floor litters and mineral soils along forest succession and altitude gradient in subtropical China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(2):287.
[3]王娟娟,朱莎,靳士科,等.上海市3种森林类型土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的时空格局[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(4):615.WANG Juanjuan,ZHU Sha,JIN Shike,et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in three types of urban forest soils in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(4):615.
[4] XU W F,YUAN W P. Responses of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen to experimental warming:A meta-analysis[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2017(115):265.
[5] RAVINDRAN A,YANG S S. Effects of vegetation type on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in subalpine mountain forest soils[J]. Journal of Microbiology,Immunology and Infection,2015,48(4):362.
[6] FOOTE J A,BOUTTON T W,SCOTT D A. Soil C and N storage and microbial biomass in US southern pine forests:Influence of forest management[J]. Forest Ecology&Management,2015(355):48.
[7] ZHOU Z H,WANG C K. Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems[J]. Biogeosciences,2015,12(22):6751.
[8]易桂田,王晓丽,刘占锋,等.亚热带地区不同人工林配置下土壤微生物量碳及微生物墒的年际动态[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):224.YI Guitian,WANG Xiaoli,LIU Zhanfeng,et al. Interannual dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon under different plantations in Subtropical China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(2):224.
[9]吴然,康峰峰,韩海荣,等.山西太岳山典型植被类型土壤微生物量特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(3):486.WU Ran,KANG Fengfeng,HAN Hairong,et al. Soil microbial biomass properties under typical vegetation types in the Taiyue Mountain of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2016,22(3):486.
[10]林宇,胡欢甜,邱岭军,等.滨海沙地3种人工林表层土壤微生物量及其影响因素[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(5):85.LIN Yu,HU Huantian,QIU Lingjun,et al. Microbial biomass and its influence factors in topsoil of three different plantations on a sandy coastal plain[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,45(5):85.
[11] THAKUR M P,MILCU A,MANNING P,et al. Plant diversity drives soil microbial biomass carbon in grasslands irrespective of global environmental change factors[J]. Global Change Biology,2015,21(11):4076.
[12] ZHAO H,SUN J,XU X,et al. Stoichiometry of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in China's temperate and alpine grasslands[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2017(83):1.
[13] SPOHN M,KLAUS K,WANEK W,et al. Microbial carbon use efficiency and biomass turnover times depending on soil depth:Implications for carbon cycling[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016(96):74.
[14]胡亚林,刘杰,范志平,等.大伙房水库流域水源涵养林植被类型对土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N淋溶的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2103.HU Yalin,LIU Jie,FAN Zhiping,et al. Effects of vegetation type of water conservation forests on soil NH4+-N and NO3--N leaching in Dahuofang watershed[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(8):2103.
[15]史玉强,刘建东,金永民,等.辽宁大伙房水库水质健康风险评估[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):60.SHI Yuqiang LIU Jiandong JIN Yongmin,et al. Water quality assessment of health risks of Dahuofang reservoir[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2013,29(3):60.
[16]高佳,苏芳莉,孟繁斌.大伙房水库流域重金属Cu分布特征规律[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):235.GAO Jia,SU Fangli,MENG Fanbin. Distribution characteristics rules of cu in dahuofang reservoir basin[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):235.
[17]王琼,李法云,范志平,等.辽宁省大伙房水库及入库河流水质空间特征与河库水质关系[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):775.WANG Qiong,LI Fayun,FAN Zhiping,et al. Spatial variations of water quality in Dahuofang Reservoir and its joint rivers,and the relationship of water quality between river and reservoir(Liaoning Province)[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(4):775.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:22.BAO Shidan. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis(3rd Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:22.
[19]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54.WU Jinshui, LIN Qimei, HUANG Qiaoyun, et al.Methods and application of microbial biomass[M]. Beijing:Meteorological Press,2006:54.
[20]李娇,蒋先敏,尹华军,等.不同林龄云杉人工林的根系分泌物与土壤微生物[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):325.LI Jiao,JIANG Xianmin,YIN Huajun,et al. Root exudates and soil microbes in three Picea asperata plantations with different stand ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):325.
[21]黄钰辉,张卫强,甘先华,等.南亚热带杉木林改造不同树种配置模式的土壤质量评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):123.HUANG Yuhui,ZHANG Weiqiang,GAN Xianhua,et al. Soil quality assessment on different tree species composition patterns in Cunninghamia lanceolata stand conversion in south subtropics[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(3):123.
[22]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:50.HUANG Changyong. Soil science[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:50.
[23] LUNGMUANA,SINGH S B,VANTHAWMLIANA,et al. Impact of secondary forest fallow period on soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity dynamics under shifting cultivation in North Eastern Hill region,India[J]. Catena,2017(156):10.
[24]牛小云,孙晓梅,陈东升,等.辽东山区不同林龄日本落叶松人工林土壤微生物、养分及酶活性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2663.NIU Xiaoyun,SUN Xiaomei,CHEN Dongsheng,et al.Soil microorganisms,nutrients and enzyme activity of Larix kaempferi plantation under different ages in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2663.
[25] XU B,WANG J,WU N,et al. Seasonal and interannual dynamics of soil microbial biomass and available nitrogen in an alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J]. Biogeosciences,2018,15(2):567.