基于夜间灯光数据的西安市城市扩张及驱动因素研究
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摘要
城市扩张信息的动态监测对了解城市社会经济活动以及城市规划的实施与反馈有重要意义。以DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像为数据源,采用有理函数模型和阈值二分法对城市扩张数据进行校正和提取,运用灯光指数、城市空间扩展速率和强度指数以及重心迁移相关指数对1993～2013年西安市城市扩张情况进行分析。结果表明:西安市城市建成区面积从1993年的148 km~2增长到2013年的473 km~2,扩张了2.2倍;城市扩张方向从西南发展为南北同步扩展,空间扩张方式也从早期的单核同心扩展模式逐渐转变为多级核生长扩展模式;使用灰色关联度模型分析了2008～2013年西安市近郊四区(未央区、雁塔区、灞桥区和长安区)社会经济指标与城市用地的关联度,发现各区关联度最大指标分别为工业产值(0.474 7)、人口密度(0.731 2)、第三产业产值(0.425 8)和全社会固定资产投资(0.404 5)。
The dynamic monitoring of urban expansion information is of great significance to understand the social and economic activities of cities and the implementation and feedback of urban planning.Using DMSP/OLS night-time light image as data source,the urban expansion data were corrected and extracted by using rational function model and threshold dichotomy.By using the light index,urban spatial expansion rate and intensity index and the index of center of gravity migration,The results show that the urban built-up area in Xi'an has expanded 2.2 times from 148 km~2 in 1993 to 473 km~2 in 2013.The direction of urban expansion expands from southwest to south and north,and the spatial expansion mode also increases from the early stage The single-core concentric expansion mode gradually transformed into a multi-level nuclear growth expansion mode;thus using gray relational analysis to analyze the socio-economic indicators of the suburbs in Xi'an in 2008～2013(Weiyang district,Yanta district,Baqiao district and Chang'an district) It is confirmed that secondary industry,population density,tertiary industry and fixed assets of the whole society are the main driving factors of urban expansion in four districts respectively.
The dynamic monitoring of urban expansion information is of great significance to understand the social and economic activities of cities and the implementation and feedback of urban planning.Using DMSP/OLS night-time light image as data source,the urban expansion data were corrected and extracted by using rational function model and threshold dichotomy.By using the light index,urban spatial expansion rate and intensity index and the index of center of gravity migration,The results show that the urban built-up area in Xi'an has expanded 2.2 times from 148 km~2 in 1993 to 473 km~2 in 2013.The direction of urban expansion expands from southwest to south and north,and the spatial expansion mode also increases from the early stage The single-core concentric expansion mode gradually transformed into a multi-level nuclear growth expansion mode;thus using gray relational analysis to analyze the socio-economic indicators of the suburbs in Xi'an in 2008～2013(Weiyang district,Yanta district,Baqiao district and Chang'an district) It is confirmed that secondary industry,population density,tertiary industry and fixed assets of the whole society are the main driving factors of urban expansion in four districts respectively.
引文
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[21] Bumairiyemu Maimaiti,Ding Jiali,Zibibula Simayi,et al.Characteri-stics of Urban Spatial Expansion and Its Driving Factors in Korla City[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(2):219-228.[布买日也木·买买提,丁建丽,孜比布拉·司马义,等.库尔勒市城市空间扩展特征及其驱动因素研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(2):219-228.]
[22] Ni Pengfei,Yang Hualei,Zhou Xiaobo.The Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Economic and Population Gravity:Evidence from Provincial Capital Cities[J].Chinese Journal of Population Science,2014(1):44-54,127.[倪鹏飞,杨华磊,周晓波.经济重心与人口重心的时空演变——来自省会城市的证据[J].中国人口科学,2014(1):44-54,127.]
[23] Mu Rui,Zhang Jiatai.Research of Hierarchy Synthetic Evaluation based on Grey Relational Analysis[J].Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice,2008,28(10):125-130.[穆瑞,张家泰.基于灰色关联分析的层次综合评价[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,28(10):125-130.]
[2] Yi K,Tani H,Li Q,et al.Mapping and Evaluating the Urbanization Process in Northeast China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data[J].Sensors,2014,14(2):3207-3226.doi:10.3390/s140203207.
[3] Liu Z,He C,Zhang Q,et al.Extracting the Dynamics of Urban Expansion in China Using DMSP-OLS Nighttime Light Data from 1992 to 2008[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2012,106(1):62-72.doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.013.
[4] Li X,Li D.Can Night-time Light Images Play a Role in Evaluating the Syrian Crisis?[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2014,35(18):6648-6661.doi:10.1080/01431161.2014.971469.
[5] Chand T R K,Badarinath K V S,Elvidge C D,et al.Spatial Characterization of Electrical Power Consumption Patterns over India Using Temporal DMSP-OLS Night-time Satellite Data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,30(3):647-661.doi:10.1080/01431160802345685.
[6] Sutton P,Roberts D,Elvidge C,et al.Census from Heaven:An Estimate of the Global Human Population Using Night-time Satellite Imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(16):3061-3076.doi:10.1080/01431160010007015.
[7] Ou J,Liu X,Li X,et al.Evaluation of NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data for Mapping Global Fossil Fuel Combustion CO2 Emissions:A Comparison with DMSP-OLS Nighttime Light Data[J].Plos One,2015,10(9):138310-138330.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138310.
[8] Li X,Zhang C,Li W,et al.Evaluating the Use of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Imagery in Predicting PM2.5 Concentrations in the Northeastern United States[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(6):620.doi:10.3390/rs9060620.
[9] Imhoff M L,Lawrence W T,Stutzer D C,et al.A Technique for Using Composite DMSP/OLS “City Lights” Satellite Data to Map Urban Area[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,61(3):361-370.DOI :10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00046-1.
[10] Zhou Y,Smith S J,Elvidge C D,et al.A Cluster-based Method to Map Urban Area from DMSP/OLS Nightlights[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,147(18):173-185.doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.004.
[11] Shu Song,Yu Bailang,Wu Jianping,et al.Methods for Deriving Urban Built-up Area Using Night-light Data:Assessment and Application[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2011,26(2):169-176.[舒松,余柏蒗,吴健平,等.基于夜间灯光数据的城市建成区提取方法评价与应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2011,26(2):169-176.]
[12] Li Jingye,Gong Jian,Yang Jianxin,el al.Urban Spatial Pattern Evolution of Wuhan City based on Nighttime Light[J].Remote Sensing Information,2017,32(3):133-141.[李靖业,龚健,杨建新,等.利用夜间灯光数据的武汉城市空间格局演化[J].遥感信息,2017,32(3):133-141.]
[13] Liu Chunxia,Zhu Kangwen,Li Yuechen.Research on the Urban Expansion in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone based on DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data in Recent 20 Years[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017(6):117-126.[刘春霞,朱康文,李月臣.成渝经济区近20年城市扩展研究——基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017(6):117-126.]
[14] Lu H,Zhang M,Sun W,et al.Expansion Analysis of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Imagery for 1993 to 2012[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2018,7(2):267-286.
[15] Xin X,Liu B,Di K,et al.Monitoring Urban Expansion Using Time Series of Night-time Light Data:A Case Study in Wuhan,China[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2017(6):1-19.doi:10.1080/ 01431161.2017.1312623.
[16] Cao Ziyang,Wu Zhifeng,Kuang Yaoqiu,et al.Correction of DMSP/OLS Night-time Light Images and Its Application in China[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2015,17(9):1092-1102.[曹子阳,吴志峰,匡耀求,等.DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像中国区域的校正及应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(9):1092-1102.]
[17] Sun Chao.Dynamic Monitoring of Oil/gas Development in The South China Sea based on Long-period Time-series and Multi-source Remote Sensing Images[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2018.[孙超.长时间序列多源遥感影像支持下南海油气开发活动监测研究[D].南京:南京大学,2018.]
[18] Zhuo Li,Shi Pei Jun,Chen Jin,et al.Application of Compound Night Light Index Derived from DMSP/OLS Data to Urbanization Analysis in China in the 1990s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(6):893-902.[卓莉,史培军,陈晋,等.20世纪90年代中国城市时空变化特征——基于灯光指数CNLI方法的探讨[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):893-902.]
[19] Yang Yang,Huang Qingxu,Zhang Liling.The Spatial-Temporal Measurement on the Land Urbanization Level Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data:A Case Study of Bohai Rim[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(2):141-148.[杨洋,黄庆旭,章立玲.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的土地城镇化水平时空测度研究——以环渤海地区为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):141-148.]
[20] Li L,Sato Y,Zhu H.Simulating Spatial Urban Expansion based on a Physical Process[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2003,64(1-2):67-76.doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00201-3.
[21] Bumairiyemu Maimaiti,Ding Jiali,Zibibula Simayi,et al.Characteri-stics of Urban Spatial Expansion and Its Driving Factors in Korla City[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(2):219-228.[布买日也木·买买提,丁建丽,孜比布拉·司马义,等.库尔勒市城市空间扩展特征及其驱动因素研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(2):219-228.]
[22] Ni Pengfei,Yang Hualei,Zhou Xiaobo.The Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Economic and Population Gravity:Evidence from Provincial Capital Cities[J].Chinese Journal of Population Science,2014(1):44-54,127.[倪鹏飞,杨华磊,周晓波.经济重心与人口重心的时空演变——来自省会城市的证据[J].中国人口科学,2014(1):44-54,127.]
[23] Mu Rui,Zhang Jiatai.Research of Hierarchy Synthetic Evaluation based on Grey Relational Analysis[J].Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice,2008,28(10):125-130.[穆瑞,张家泰.基于灰色关联分析的层次综合评价[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,28(10):125-130.]