海南岛近岸海域溶解无机磷时空分布及富营养化
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摘要
根据2016年枯水季、丰水季和平水季海南岛近岸海域表层海水现场调查资料,对该海域表层海水中溶解无机磷(DIP)的时空分布特征进行研究,评价其污染水平和营养盐结构,分析该海域富营养化程度,并探讨了研究区域DIP的主要来源及与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,海南岛近岸海域表层海水DIP的平均浓度为(0.008±0.006) mg/L,浓度范围为0.000～0.062mg/L,万宁小海海域是3个水季的主要污染区域;平水季研究海域DIP污染水平高于枯水季与丰水季;富营养化指数变化范围为0.00～3.94,平均为(0.21±0.46),总体上海南岛近岸表层海水富营养化程度较低,但局部海域富营养化问题依然突出.
Based on the field investigation data of surface seawater along the Hainan Island coastal water in dry, wet and normal flow seasons of 2016 year, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) were studied. The DIP pollution level, nutrient composition and eutrophication were evaluated. Meanwhile, the main source of DIP and the relationship between DIP and environmental factors were also discussed. The results showed that the average concentration of DIP was(0.008±0.006) mg/L, ranged from 0.000 mg/L to 0.062 mg/L in the surface seawater along the Hainian Island coastal area. The high concentration of DIP was distributed around the Xiaohai adjacent coastal water of Wanning city in all seasons. The pollution level of DIP in normal flow season was higher than that in wet and dry flow seasons. The eutrophication index ranged between 0.00 and 3.94, with an average value(0.21±0.46). The overall eutrophication of Hainan Island adjacent seawater was relatively low, but the eutrophication problem in some local coastal water areas was still outstanding.
Based on the field investigation data of surface seawater along the Hainan Island coastal water in dry, wet and normal flow seasons of 2016 year, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) were studied. The DIP pollution level, nutrient composition and eutrophication were evaluated. Meanwhile, the main source of DIP and the relationship between DIP and environmental factors were also discussed. The results showed that the average concentration of DIP was(0.008±0.006) mg/L, ranged from 0.000 mg/L to 0.062 mg/L in the surface seawater along the Hainian Island coastal area. The high concentration of DIP was distributed around the Xiaohai adjacent coastal water of Wanning city in all seasons. The pollution level of DIP in normal flow season was higher than that in wet and dry flow seasons. The eutrophication index ranged between 0.00 and 3.94, with an average value(0.21±0.46). The overall eutrophication of Hainan Island adjacent seawater was relatively low, but the eutrophication problem in some local coastal water areas was still outstanding.
引文
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[2]刘宪斌,曹佳莲,张光玉,等.天津港南部海区水体中活性磷酸盐的分布特征[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(5):79-82.Liu X B,Cao J L,Zhang G Y,et al.Distribution of active phosphate content in the southern sea area of Tianjin Harbor[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(5):79-82.
[3]潘建明,扈传昱,陈建芳,等.南海海域海水中各形态磷的化学分布特征[J].海洋学报,2004,26(1):40-47.Pan J M,Hu C Y,Chen J F,et al.The chemical distribution characteristics of variant forms phosphorus in the seawater of the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,26(1):40-47.
[4]Hansell D A,Carlson C A.Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter[M].San Diego:Academic Press,2014:234-236.
[5]Turner R E,Rabalais N N.Coastal eutrophication near the Mississippi river delta[J].Nature,1994,368(6472):619.
[6]Ryther J H,Dunstan W M.Nitrogen,phosphorus,and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment[J].Science,1971,171(3975):1008-1013.
[7]Zhang P,Su Y,Liang S K,et al.Assessment of long-term water quality variation affected by high-intensity land-based inputs and land reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,75:210-219.
[8]李俊龙,郑丙辉,张铃松,等.中国主要河口海湾富营养化特征及差异分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):506-516.Li J L,Zheng B H,Zhang L S,et al.Eutrophication characteristics and variation analysis of estuaries in China[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(2):506-516.
[9]Conley D J,Paerl H W,Howarth R W,et al.Controlling eutrophication:nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Science,2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[10]Smith V H,Tilman G D,Nekola J C.Eutrophication:impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater,marine,and terrestrial ecosystems[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,100(1-3):179-196.
[11]黄小平,黄良民.珠江口海域无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的时空变化特征[J].台湾海峡,2002,21(4):416-421.Huang X P,Huang L M.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphorus in Zhujiang Estuary[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2002,21(4):416-421.
[12]贺立静,周述波,李晓梅,等.海南近岸海域污染现状及对生物多样性影响[J].海南热带海洋学院学报,2014,21(5):99-103.He L J,Zhou S B,Li X M,et al.Coastal marine pollution situation and the impacts on biodiversity in Hainan Island[J].Journal of Qiongzhou University,2014,21(5):99-103.
[13]2015年海南省环境状况公报[R].海口:海南省生态环境保护厅,2016.The bulletin of environment state in Hainan province[R].Haikou:Department of Ecological Environmental Protection in Hainan Province,2016.
[14]2016年南海区海洋环境状况公报[R].广州:国家海洋局南海分局,2017.The bulletin of marine environment state in South China Sea[R].Guangzhou:South China Sea Branch,State Oceanic Administration,2017.
[15]罗亮.海南省海洋经济发展与近海生态环境问题研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(7):116-119.Luo L.Study on marine economic development and coastal ecological environment in Hainan province[J].Marine Development and Management,2012,29(7):116-119.
[16]陈春福.海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境问题及对策研究[J].海洋通报,2002,21(2):62-68.Chen C F.A study on the problems of the coast and the ocean resources and environment in Hainan province and the corresponding countermeasures[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2002,21(2):62-68.
[17]潘英姿,宋福,高吉喜,等.海南省近岸海域水生生态污染研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(1):58-63.Pan Y Z,Song F,Gao J X,et al.Study on aquatic ecological pollution in inshore areas in Hainan province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(1):58-63.
[18]黄春,韩保光,汤婉环.海南岛近岸海域环境容量与纳污总量分析[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(4):97-100.Huang C,Han B G,Tang W H.Study of the relation between coastal water environmental capacity and total emission in Hainan Island[J].Environmental Protection Science,2016,42(4):97-100.
[19]曾维特,杨永鹏,张东强,等.海南岛北部海湾沉积物重金属来源,分布主控因素及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1085-1094.Zeng W T,Yang Y P,Zhang D Q,et al.Sources,distribution of main controlling factors,and potential ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in the surface sediment of Hainan Island north bay,South China[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1085-1094.
[20]Zhao D,Wan S,Yu Z,et al.Distribution,enrichment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hainan Island rivers,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(6):5097-5110.
[21]吴瑞,王道儒.海南省海洋生态与环境保护探析[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(9):61-65.Wu R,Wang D R.Analysis on marine ecology and environmental protection in Hainan province[J].Marine Development and Management,2013,30(9):61-65.
[22]王红勇,唐天乐,黄飞.海南省赤潮状况及防治对策[J].中国水产,2010,(1):66-67.Wang H Y,Tang T L,Huang F.Red tide situation and countermeasures in Hainan province[J].China Aquaculture,2010,(1):66-67.
[23]李鹏山,林国尧,谢跟踪,等.海口湾近岸海域水质状况分析与评价[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,23(1):108-114.Li P S,Lin G Y,Xie G Z,et al.Evaluation of water quality status of coastal water in Haikou bay[J].Journal of Hainan Normal University(Natural Science),2010,23(1):108-114.
[24]黄文国.海口市龙昆沟入海排污口邻近海域水质状况与评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2012,(1):176-180.Huang W G.Status and assessment of water quality in adjacent sea areas of Longkun ditch estuary in Haikou[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Liminology,2012,(1):176-180.
[25]2016年海南省环境状况公报[R].海口:海南省生态环境保护厅,2017.The bulletin of environment state in Hainan Province in 2016[R].Haikou:Department of Ecological Environmental Protection in Hainan Province,2017.
[26]GB17378.4-2007海洋监测规范,第四部分:海水分析[S].GB17378.4-2007 The specification for marine monitoring-part4:seawater analysis[S].
[27]周爱国,蔡鹤生.地质环境质量评价理论与应用.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998:70-83.Zhou A G,Cai H S.Geological environmental quality evaluation theory and application[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1998:70-83.
[28]GB3097-1997海水水质标准[S].GB3097-1997 Sea water quality standard[S].
[29]Redfield A C.The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater[J].The sea,1963,2:26-77.
[30]林以安,苏纪兰,扈传昱,等.珠江口夏季水体中的氮和磷[J].海洋学报,2004,26(5):63-73.Lin Y A,Su J L,Hu C Y,et al.N and P in waters of the Zhujiang river estuary in summer[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,26(5):63-73.
[31]陈宝红,林辉,张春华,等.厦门海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的变化趋势[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):314-319.Chen B H,Lin H,Zhang C H,et al.Changing trends of DIN and PO43--P content in Xiamen Seawaters[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2010,29(3):314-319.
[32]邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):41-54.Zou J Z,Dong L P,Qin B P.Preliminary study on eutrophication and red tide in Bohai bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,1983,2(2):41-54.
[33]郭全,王修林,韩秀荣,等.渤海海区COD分布及对海水富营养化贡献分析[J].海洋科学,2005,29(9):71-75.Guo Q,Wang X L,Han X R,et al.Spatial distribution of COD and its contribution to the eutrophication in Bohai sea[J].Marine Science,2005,29(9):71-75.
[34]李艳云,王作敏.大辽河口和辽东湾海域水质溶解氧与COD、无机氮、磷及初级生产力的关系[J].中国环境监测,2006,22(3):70-72.Li Y Y,Wang Z M.The relation among dissolution oxygen(DO)to COD,inorganic nitrogen,reactive phosphate and primary yield-power in the Liaodong gulf and seaport of Daliaohe[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2006,22(3):70-72.
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