九寨沟震区地表形变监测及震损物源估算
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摘要
地震及其次生地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等)引发的松散物质(即震损物源)剧烈迁移会给震区环境与安全造成极为深远的影响。"8·8"九寨沟地震发生后,大量的震损物源加剧了九寨沟景区地质灾害易发性及湖泊淤积风险。获取震损物源的分布与数量,是减少灾害风险与保护湿地景观的基础。因此,利用DInSAR技术实施地表形变监测,基于形变数据,再结合光学遥感数据解译和实地观测,估算九寨沟景区震损物源,解析空间分布与数量特征。研究结果显示:地震在震中的西北侧造成了较大的沉降形变,在震中东南侧也产生了轻微隆起形变,雷达视线向形变量达-23～11 cm;景区震损物源呈带状分布,沿沟谷和道路较为发育,以五花海区域最为集中,估算数量达1. 658×10~5m~3。研究结果将为九寨沟景区地质灾害隐患的监测防治及河湖湿地的绿色防淤提供支撑。
The loose materials movement caused by earthquakes and secondary geohazards endanger residents and threaten the ecological environments. In 2017,the Jiuzhaigou earthquake had produced large amounts of loose materials( colluvial materials) that were still present on the steep slopes and in the valleys. The colluvial materials had aggravated the risks of future geohazards and caused siltation in the Jiuzhaigou Reserve; strong rainfalls can eventually develop devastating debris flows. In response,this research seeked to calculate the volume of earthquake-triggered colluvial materials and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns to help to implement proper early warning systems,prevent,and mitigate geohazards and prevent siltation in future. For this purpose,the researchers applied the DInSAR technique,remote sensing,and conducted some field trips to detect the surface deformation,calculated the volume and spatial distribution patterns,and interpreted their findings.Results showed that the Jiuzhaigou earthquake produced large deformations on the northwest of its epicenter,and small deformations on the southeast of the epicenter,ranging from-23 cm to 11 cm in the satellite Line of Sight.Results revealed that the earthquake-triggered colluvial materials in the Jiuzhaigou Reserve have zonal distribution features,mainly distributed along the roads and valleys,especially in the Wuhuahai area,with a calculated volume of 1. 658×105m3. In fact,these findings had great significance for the mitigation on geohazards risks and lakes siltation in Jiuzhaigou Reserve.
The loose materials movement caused by earthquakes and secondary geohazards endanger residents and threaten the ecological environments. In 2017,the Jiuzhaigou earthquake had produced large amounts of loose materials( colluvial materials) that were still present on the steep slopes and in the valleys. The colluvial materials had aggravated the risks of future geohazards and caused siltation in the Jiuzhaigou Reserve; strong rainfalls can eventually develop devastating debris flows. In response,this research seeked to calculate the volume of earthquake-triggered colluvial materials and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns to help to implement proper early warning systems,prevent,and mitigate geohazards and prevent siltation in future. For this purpose,the researchers applied the DInSAR technique,remote sensing,and conducted some field trips to detect the surface deformation,calculated the volume and spatial distribution patterns,and interpreted their findings.Results showed that the Jiuzhaigou earthquake produced large deformations on the northwest of its epicenter,and small deformations on the southeast of the epicenter,ranging from-23 cm to 11 cm in the satellite Line of Sight.Results revealed that the earthquake-triggered colluvial materials in the Jiuzhaigou Reserve have zonal distribution features,mainly distributed along the roads and valleys,especially in the Wuhuahai area,with a calculated volume of 1. 658×105m3. In fact,these findings had great significance for the mitigation on geohazards risks and lakes siltation in Jiuzhaigou Reserve.
引文
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[20]李渝生,黄超,易树健,等.九寨沟7. 0级地震的地震断裂及震源破裂的构造动力学机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(4):1141-1150.LI Y S,HUANG C,YI S J,et al. Study on seismic fault and source rupture tectonic dynamic mechanism of Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 Earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(4):1141-1150.
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[2]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.YIN Y P. Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444.
[3] FAN G,ZHANG L M,ZHANG J J,et al. Energy-based analysis of mechanisms of earthquake-induced landslide using Hilbert-Huang Transform and marginal spectrum[J]. Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2017,50(4):1-17.
[4] CHEN N S,HU G S,DENG M F,et a1. Impact of earthquake on debris flow:A case study on the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,2011,5(5):493-508.
[5] WEI X L,CHEN N S,CHENG Q G,et al. Long-term activity of earthquake-induced landslides:A case study from Qionghai Lake Basin,Southwest of China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2014,11(3):607-624.
[6] STAMATOPOULOS C A,DI B F. Simplified multi-block constitutive model predicting earthquake-induced landslide triggering and displacement along slip surfaces of saturated sand[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,2014,67:16-29.
[7] MASSONNET D,ROSSI M,CARMONA C,et al. The displacement field of the Landers Earthquake mapped by radar interferometry[J]. Nature,1993,364(6433):138-142.
[8] SEVERSON C M,FUNNING G J,MARSHALL S T. Surface deformation and slip distribution of the 1994 Northridge Earthquake determined from InSAR[C]. AGU Fall Meeting. 2011:1726.
[9] STRAMONDO S,MORO M,TOLOMEI C,et al. InSAR surface displacement field and fault modelling for the 2003 Bam Earthquake(Southeastern Iran)[J]. Journal of Geodynamics,2005,40(2):347-353.
[10] SHAN X J,QU C Y,SONG X G,et al. Coseismic surface deformation caused by the Wenchuan MS8. 0 Earthquake from InSAR data analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):496-504.
[11] ACHACHE J,FRUNEAU B,DELACOURT C. Applicability of SAR interferometry for monitoring of landslides[J]. Ers Applications,1996,383(383):165.
[12] SQUARZONI C,DELACOURT C,ALLEMAND P. Nine years of spatial and temporal evolution of the La Valette landslide observed by SAR interferometry[J]. Engineering Geology,2003,68(1):53-66.
[13] RIZO V,TESAURO M. SAR interferometry and field data of Randazzo landslide(Eastern Sicily, Italy)[J]. Physics&Chemistry of the Earth Part B,2000,25(9):771-780.
[14] SATO H P,UNE H. Detection of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquakeinduced landslide surface deformation in Kathmandu using InSAR images from PALSAR-2 data[J]. Earth Planets&Space,2016,68(1):47.
[15] DI B F,ZHANG K S,TANG Y,et al. The development of a geographic information system(GIS)database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and its application[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2013,10(3):398-409.
[16]丁照宇.从湖泊演化的规律论九寨沟旅游风景区的潜在危险和治理方案[J].大自然探索,1988(4):53-57.DING Z Y. A potential danger from the lakes degeneration in Jiuzhaigou Gorge and methods to protect[J]. Exploration of Nature,1988(4):53-57.
[17]蔡展榮,吕建兴.使用三像法衛星雷達差分干涉測量九二一大地震(區(變前後高程變動之初步測試成果分析[J].航測及)測學刊,2002,7(1):53-76.CAI Z R,LV J X. Analysis on preliminary test results of satellite D-InSAR three pass method for determining a DDM in MidTaiwan caused by the Chi-Chi Earthquake[J]. Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2002,7(1):53-76.
[18]舒宁.雷达影像干涉测量原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.SHU N. Principle of radar image interferometry[M]. Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2003.
[19] LARSEN I J,MONTGOMERY D R,KORUP O. Landslide erosion controlled by hillslope material[J]. Nature Geoscience,2010,3(4):247-251.
[20]李渝生,黄超,易树健,等.九寨沟7. 0级地震的地震断裂及震源破裂的构造动力学机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(4):1141-1150.LI Y S,HUANG C,YI S J,et al. Study on seismic fault and source rupture tectonic dynamic mechanism of Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 Earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(4):1141-1150.
[21] DI B F,ZENG H J,ZHANG M H,et al. Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008earthquake in Wenchuan,China:A case study of the Longmenshan area[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(4):761-771.
[22]第宝锋,张凯山,罗涵.九寨沟湿地动态变化遥感监测与分析[C].四川省环境科学学会2011年学术年会,2011.DI B F,ZHANG K S,LUO H. Analysis on the dynamic changes of wetland monitoring based on remote sensing in Jiuzhaigou[C]. 2011 Annual Conference of the Society of Environmental Sciences of Sichuan Province,2011.
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