风蚀水蚀交错区生态经济耦合效应
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摘要
研究风蚀水蚀交错区退耕还林还草、坡改梯和淤地坝建设等综合土地利用变化的生态经济耦合效应,为保障生态经济协调发展提供一定的理论基础。以位于陕北风蚀水蚀区的府谷县为研究对象,采用生态经济耦合指数分析了土地利用变化的内生效应,通过土地利用结构及景观指数的变化分析土地利用变化的外延效应,从内生和外延两方面定量对比分析陕北风蚀水蚀交错区生态经济耦合效应。研究表明府谷县从2000—2013年实现了耕地向林地和草地的转化,景观类型的丰富程度和均匀程度上升,土壤侵蚀量明显减少,生态经济耦合指数从2000年的215.88 t/万元减少到2013年的130.59 t/万元。生态经济耦合指数敏感性分析表明府谷县梯田和坡耕地的变化对生态经济耦合指数的影响显著大于水浇地与坝地的影响。退耕还林还草、坡改梯和淤地坝建设等政策的执行不仅让府谷县生态环境得到改善,还使其经济耦合内部呈现增益。
Eco-economic coupling effects of grain for green, transforming slope farmlands to terraces, and check-dam constriction in the water-wind erosion crisscross region can provide theoretical guidance to the coordinated development between ecological environment and economy growth. Fugu County is taken as the study area, endogenous effects of land use change are calculated using the eco-economic coupling index, and the exo-effects are estimated by analyzing the land-use change matrix and the landscape index to study the eco-economic coupling effect in the water-wind erosion crisscross region. It is indicated that the area of farmland in the Fugu County decreased greatly from 2000 to 2013, the decreased farmland mainly changed into forestland and grassland, and the degrees of richness and evenness of landscape types in Fugu County increased. The soil erosion amount and environment cost of the economy in Fugu County significantly reduced, the eco-economic coupling index in Fugu County reduced from 215.88 tons per ten thousand yuan in 2000 to 130.59 tons per ten thousand yuan in 2013. The eco-economic coupling index is found to be more sensitive to the variations of terrace and farmland than those of check-dam land and irrigable land. Both endogenous effect and exo-effect of land use change indicate the ecological environment has improved and the environment cost of the economy decreased after implementing the grain for green strategy.
Eco-economic coupling effects of grain for green, transforming slope farmlands to terraces, and check-dam constriction in the water-wind erosion crisscross region can provide theoretical guidance to the coordinated development between ecological environment and economy growth. Fugu County is taken as the study area, endogenous effects of land use change are calculated using the eco-economic coupling index, and the exo-effects are estimated by analyzing the land-use change matrix and the landscape index to study the eco-economic coupling effect in the water-wind erosion crisscross region. It is indicated that the area of farmland in the Fugu County decreased greatly from 2000 to 2013, the decreased farmland mainly changed into forestland and grassland, and the degrees of richness and evenness of landscape types in Fugu County increased. The soil erosion amount and environment cost of the economy in Fugu County significantly reduced, the eco-economic coupling index in Fugu County reduced from 215.88 tons per ten thousand yuan in 2000 to 130.59 tons per ten thousand yuan in 2013. The eco-economic coupling index is found to be more sensitive to the variations of terrace and farmland than those of check-dam land and irrigable land. Both endogenous effect and exo-effect of land use change indicate the ecological environment has improved and the environment cost of the economy decreased after implementing the grain for green strategy.
引文
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[3] 吴长文,陈法扬.水土流失引起的生态经济失调及其系统调控[J].水土保持研究,1995,2(1):80-84.
[4] 徐勇,田均良,刘普灵.黄土丘陵区“梯田退耕”生态重建规划方法:以燕沟流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2004 19(5):637-645,689.
[5] 杨红,董耀武,尹新哲.欠发达地区产业结构调整的新路径:生态农业生态旅游业耦合产业发展模式[J].云南财经大学学报,2013,29(1):149-152.
[6] Dong P W,Zhuang S Y,Lin X H,et al.Economic evaluation of forestry industry based on ecosystem coupling[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2013,58(5/6):1010-1017.
[7] 徐勇,党丽娟,汤青,高雅.黄土丘陵区坡改梯生态经济耦合效应[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1258-1266.
[8] 傅威,林涛.区域社会经济发展与生态环境耦合关系研究模型的比较分析[J].四川环境,2010,29(3):102-109.
[9] 李琰,刘晓琼,赵昕奕,等.陕西省榆林市气候变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(1):157-161.
[10] 邬建国.景观生态学概念与理论[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(1):42-52.
[11] 闫志鹏.基于景观生态学的周至县土地利用格局研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.
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