混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究
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摘要
由于混杂堆积的搬运过程与沉积过程具有快速无分选的特点,其成因识别成为国内外学者研究的焦点。石英砂表面特征的综合研究作为沉积环境重建的方法之一,在混杂堆积亚相的区分中能起到较好的作用。概述了冰碛、滑坡/崩塌/崩滑、泥石流及溃坝堆积的石英砂表面特征的研究现状,对这4种混杂堆积类型的石英砂表面特征进行整合厘定,比较了不同类型的石英砂表面结构特征,揭示其主要机械结构和组合模式的异同,强调在混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究中能级与粒间接触方式判断的重要性。最后,指出目前混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究的难点,并探讨今后研究的方向和应重点解决的问题。
Due to the characteristics of quickness and no-sorting in the transport and deposition processes,the cause of formation identification of diamictons has become the main concern among domestic and foreign scholars. The comprehensive study on the surface textures of quartz sands in diamictons is one of the common methods to reconstruct sedimentary environment,which plays an important role in the identification of diamictons.This paper summarized the previous studies to construct an interpretation scheme and combination mode to differentiate among deposits of till,landside,debris,and dam-break flood deposits based on micro-textures. Moreover,the relationship between the particle contact mode and quartz sand surface micro-texture of these highenergy events was analyzed. Based on the current difficulties in the study of surface textures of quartz sands in diamictons,the future research direction and the key problem to be solved were proposed.
Due to the characteristics of quickness and no-sorting in the transport and deposition processes,the cause of formation identification of diamictons has become the main concern among domestic and foreign scholars. The comprehensive study on the surface textures of quartz sands in diamictons is one of the common methods to reconstruct sedimentary environment,which plays an important role in the identification of diamictons.This paper summarized the previous studies to construct an interpretation scheme and combination mode to differentiate among deposits of till,landside,debris,and dam-break flood deposits based on micro-textures. Moreover,the relationship between the particle contact mode and quartz sand surface micro-texture of these highenergy events was analyzed. Based on the current difficulties in the study of surface textures of quartz sands in diamictons,the future research direction and the key problem to be solved were proposed.
引文
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[3]陈剑，陈松，慎乃齐，等．泥石流堆积物的粒度特征及分形结构:以金沙江上游干热河谷区瓦卡泥石流沟为例[J]．现代地质，2014,28(2):438-442.
[4]任明达，缪昕．石英砂表面的微结构[J]．地质论评，1984,30(1):36-41.
[5] KALISKA-NARTIA E,LAMSTERS K,KARUS J,et al.Quartz grain features in modern glacial and proglacial environments:A microscopic study from the Russell Glacier,southwest Greenland[J]. Polish Polar Research,2017,38(3):265-289.
[6]方小敏，李吉均，陈富斌，等．甘孜黄土与青藏高原冰冻圈演化[J]．科学通报，1996,18(3):193-200.
[7]伍永秋，崔之久，葛道凯，等．昆仑山垭口地区第四纪地层石英砂表面特征与沉积环境[J]．应用基础与工程科学学报，1998(2):11-20.
[8] MAHANEY W C,KALM V. Comparative scanning electron microscopy study of oriented till blocks,glacial grains and Devonian sands in Estonia and Latvia[J]. Boreas,2000,29(1):35-51.
[9] CHAKROUN A,MISKOVSKY J C,ZAGHBIB-TURKI D.Quartz grain surface features in environmental determination of aeolian Quaternary deposits in northeastern Tunisia[J]. Mineralogical Magazine,2009,73(4):607-614.
[10] SMITH C,SOREGHAN G S,OHTA T. Scanning electron microscope(SEM)microtextural analysis as a paleoclimate tool for fluvial deposits:A modem test[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2018,130:1256-1272.
[11]谢又予，崔之久，李洪云．扫描电镜下石英砂的表面结构特征及其地质解译[J]．石油与天然气地质，1981,2(1):66-74.
[12] BROWN J. Depositional histories of sand grains from surface textures[J]. Nature,1973,242:396-398.
[13]方小敏，沈明智，张广连．石英砂表面特征的断裂力学分析及意义[J]．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，1992,22(4):140-146.
[14] COSTA P,ANDRADE C,MAHANEY W,et al. Aeolian microtextures in silica spheres induced in a wind tunnel experiment:comparison with aeolian quartz[J]. Geomorphology,2013,180/181:120-129.
[15] LINDK,MYCIELSKA-DOWGIAO E. Some experimentally produced microtextures on grain surfaces of quartz sand[J].Geografiska Annaler:Series A,Physical Geography,1980,62(3/4):171-84.
[16] MAGEE A,BULL P,GOUDIE A. Chemical textures on quartz grains:an experimental approach using salts[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1988,13(8):665-676.
[17] VOS K,VANDENBERGHE N,ELSEN J. Surface textural analysis of quartz grains by scanning electron microscopy(SEM):From sample preparation to environmental interpretation[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,128:93-104.
[18] COSTA P J,ANDRADE C,DAWSON A,et al. Microtextural characteristics of quartz grains transported and deposited by tsunamis and storms[J]. Sedimentary Geology,2012,275:55-69.
[19] MOLN M O. A simple method to classify diamicts by scanning electron microscope from surface microtextures[J]. Sedimentology,2014,61(7):2020-2041.
[20] BELLANOVA P,BAHLBURG H,NENTWIG V,et al. Microtextural analysis of quartz grains of tsunami and non-tsunami deposits:A case study from Tirúa(Chile)[J]. Sedimentary Geology,2016,343:72-84.
[21] IMMONEN N. Surface microtextures of ice-rafted quartz grains revealing glacial ice in the Cenozoic Arctic[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2013,374:293-302.
[22] SZERAKOWSKA S,WORONKO B,SULEWSKA M J,et al.Spectral method as a tool to examine microtextures of quartz sandsized grains[J]. Micron,2018,110:36-45.
[23] DOWDESWELL J A. Scanning electron-micrographs of quartz sand grains from cold environments examined using Fourier shapeanalysis[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1982,52(4):1315-1323.
[24] KOMOROWSKI J,GLICKEN H,SHERIDAN M. Secondary electron imagery of microcracks and hackly fracture surfaces in sand-size clasts from the 1980 Mount St. Helens debris-avalanche deposit:Implications for particle-particle interactions[J]. Geology,1991,19(3):261-264.
[25]方小敏，牟昀智，奚晓霞．兰州马衔山混杂堆积物中石英砂表面特征及环境意义[J]．冰川冻土，1987,9(3):251-256.
[26]吴枝坦，王壬林，姚若飞．石英砂扫描电镜在漓江“泥砾”成因中的应用[J]．南方国土资源，1992,5(4):69-72.
[27] HELLAND P,HOLMES M A. Surface textural analysis of quartz sand grains from ODP Site 918 of the southeast coast of Greenland suggests glaciation of southern Greenland at 11 Ma[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1997,135(1):109-121.
[28]石磊，张跃，陈艺鑫，等．贡嘎山海螺沟冰川沉积的石英砂扫描电镜形态特征分析[J]．北京大学学报(自然科学版)，2010,46(1):96-102.
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