碳酸二甲酯对烷基化汽油燃烧性能的影响
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摘要
在四缸直列四冲程增压直喷汽油机上,研究了添加体积分数为10%的碳酸二甲酯(DMC)对燃用烷基化汽油在典型工况下发动机性能的影响及其燃烧过程原理。结果表明:在所有工况下,添加DMC后燃油消耗率均有明显增加,增幅最高可达20.53%,有效热效率变化不明显。在外特性工况下,添加DMC对汽油机动力性影响不大,均不超过3%;在稳态工况下,DMC的加入降低了燃料的总碳氢化合物(THC)和氮氧化物(NO_x)排放,碳氢化合物(HC)的排放最大降幅为13%,NO_x排放最大降幅为32%;在低转速工况下,DMC的添加可引起总颗粒物排放增加,最大增幅为103%,其中核态颗粒物增加是主要因素,最大增幅为113%。燃烧过程分析表明,加入DMC会造成燃烧始点最多推迟1.24°CA,燃烧重心最多推移1.98°CA,燃烧持续期最大延长2.32°CA,从而引起定容性下降,热效率降低,后燃量增加,颗粒物升高,燃烧温度下降,NO_x排放降低。
With using a four-cylinder on-line four-stroke turbocharged direct-injection gasoline engine, effect of adding 10% volume fraction of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) on the combustion performance of gasoline from an alkylation unit under typical operation conditions were investigated. In addition, the combustion mechanisms involved in the above process were also studied. Experimental results showed that, under all operation conditions, the fuel consumption rate could increase up to 20.53% after adding DMC, but the effective thermal efficiency did not change much. Under the condition of external characteristics, addition of DMC had little effect on the dynamic performance of the engine, e.g., less than 3%. Under steady-state operating conditions, addition of DMC could reduce fuel total hydrocarbon(THC) and oxynitride(NO_x) emission, e.g., up to 13% for HC compound emission and up to 32% for NO_x emission. Under the condition of low rotation speed, addition of DMC could increase the total particulate matter emission up to 103%, in which the increase of nuclear particulate matter was the main factor, up to 113%. The combustion process analysis indicates that DMC addition can cause combustion start point postponed up to 1.24° CA, combustion gravity center shifted 1.98° CA, and combustion duration length extended up to 2.32° CA. Therefore, DMC addition in gasoline can cause reduced constant capacity, thermal efficiency and combustion temperature, increased post-combustion and particulate matter, and reduction of NO_x emissions.
With using a four-cylinder on-line four-stroke turbocharged direct-injection gasoline engine, effect of adding 10% volume fraction of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) on the combustion performance of gasoline from an alkylation unit under typical operation conditions were investigated. In addition, the combustion mechanisms involved in the above process were also studied. Experimental results showed that, under all operation conditions, the fuel consumption rate could increase up to 20.53% after adding DMC, but the effective thermal efficiency did not change much. Under the condition of external characteristics, addition of DMC had little effect on the dynamic performance of the engine, e.g., less than 3%. Under steady-state operating conditions, addition of DMC could reduce fuel total hydrocarbon(THC) and oxynitride(NO_x) emission, e.g., up to 13% for HC compound emission and up to 32% for NO_x emission. Under the condition of low rotation speed, addition of DMC could increase the total particulate matter emission up to 103%, in which the increase of nuclear particulate matter was the main factor, up to 113%. The combustion process analysis indicates that DMC addition can cause combustion start point postponed up to 1.24° CA, combustion gravity center shifted 1.98° CA, and combustion duration length extended up to 2.32° CA. Therefore, DMC addition in gasoline can cause reduced constant capacity, thermal efficiency and combustion temperature, increased post-combustion and particulate matter, and reduction of NO_x emissions.
引文
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[10] 宋崇林,郭振鹏,高祥,等.增氧剂DMC对汽油理化特性及电控汽油机性能的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(4):295-298.(SONG Chonglin,GUO Zhenpeng,GAO Xiang,et al.Effects of dimethyl carbonate on physical and chemical properties of gasoline and on the performance of an EFI gasoline engine[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2004,10(4):295-298.)
[11] 董素荣,宋崇林,张延峰,等.增氧剂DMC对电喷汽油机排放特性的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2005,11(4):350-354.(DONG Surong,SONG Chonglin,ZHANG Yanfeng,et al.Effects of the oxygenates DMC on the regulated exhaust emissions from an EFI gasoline engine[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2005,11(4):350-354.)
[12] 胡二江,彭成,李孝天,等.碳酸二甲酯着火化学反应动力学模型研究[J].内燃机学报,2015,(2):104-109.(HU Erjiang,PENG Cheng,LI Xiaotian,et al.Modeling on ignition delay time of dimethyl carbonate[J].Transactions of CSICE,2015,(2):104-109.)Effect of Dimethyl Carbonate on Combustion Performance of Gasoline From Alkylation UnitYANG He WANG Pengfei WANG Jun XU Chen HAN Yongqiang ZHANG JianrongAdding 10% volume fraction dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in alkylated gasoline has some typical impacts on the performance of a direct-injection gasoline engine.In general,compared with blank alkylated gasoline,DMC addition will increase fuel consumption and particulate matter emission,but can reduce THC and NOx emission.
[2] 李大东.炼油工业:市场的变化与技术对策[J].石油学报(石油加工),2015,31(2):208-217.(LI Dadong.Petroleum industry:Market changes and technical strategy[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section),2015,31(2):208-217.)
[3] CLAXTON L D.The history,genotoxicity,and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions Part 3:Diesel and gasoline[J].Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research,2015,763(24):30-85.
[4] WANG Z,LIU H,REITZ R D.Knocking combustion in spark-ignition engines[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2017,61:78-112.
[5] 付静.国内外MTBE市场现状及趋势分析[J].齐鲁石油化工,2009,37(2):144-149.(FU Jing.Market status and trend analysis of MTBE at home and abroad[J].Qilu Petrochemical Technology,2009,37(2):144-149.)
[6] 徐小红,薛群基,周旭光,等.汽油及汽油清净剂对燃烧室沉积物的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),2009,25(2):277-282.(XU Xiaohong,XUE Qunji,ZHOU Xuguang,et al.Impact of gasoline and detergents on combustion chamber deposits[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section),2009,25(2):277-282.)
[7] 孙士杰,许允,李小平,等.柴油-碳酸二甲酯混合燃料对发动机性能的影响[J].车用发动机,2013,2:44-46.(SUN Shijie,XU Yun,LI Xiaoping,et al.Influence of diesel-DMC fuel on diesel engine performance[J].Vehicle Engine,2013,2:44-46.)
[8] ROUNCE P,TSOLAKIS A,LEUNG P,et al.A comparison of diesel and biodiesel emissions using dimethyl carbonate as an oxygenated additive[J].Energy & Fuels,2010,24(9):4812-4819.
[9] Lü Xingcai,YANG Jianguang,ZHANG Wugao,et al.Improving the combustion and emissions of direct injection compression ignition engines using oxygenated fuel additives combined with a cetane number improver[J].Energy & Fuels,2005,19(5):1879-1888.
[10] 宋崇林,郭振鹏,高祥,等.增氧剂DMC对汽油理化特性及电控汽油机性能的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(4):295-298.(SONG Chonglin,GUO Zhenpeng,GAO Xiang,et al.Effects of dimethyl carbonate on physical and chemical properties of gasoline and on the performance of an EFI gasoline engine[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2004,10(4):295-298.)
[11] 董素荣,宋崇林,张延峰,等.增氧剂DMC对电喷汽油机排放特性的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2005,11(4):350-354.(DONG Surong,SONG Chonglin,ZHANG Yanfeng,et al.Effects of the oxygenates DMC on the regulated exhaust emissions from an EFI gasoline engine[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2005,11(4):350-354.)
[12] 胡二江,彭成,李孝天,等.碳酸二甲酯着火化学反应动力学模型研究[J].内燃机学报,2015,(2):104-109.(HU Erjiang,PENG Cheng,LI Xiaotian,et al.Modeling on ignition delay time of dimethyl carbonate[J].Transactions of CSICE,2015,(2):104-109.)Effect of Dimethyl Carbonate on Combustion Performance of Gasoline From Alkylation UnitYANG He WANG Pengfei WANG Jun XU Chen HAN Yongqiang ZHANG JianrongAdding 10% volume fraction dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in alkylated gasoline has some typical impacts on the performance of a direct-injection gasoline engine.In general,compared with blank alkylated gasoline,DMC addition will increase fuel consumption and particulate matter emission,but can reduce THC and NOx emission.
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