我国大气污染源排放清单发展历程和对策建议
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摘要
为进一步推动我国大气污染源排放清单的发展,详细回顾了我国大气污染源排放清单的发展历程及面临的挑战.我国大气污染源排放清单起步于20世纪80年代,2000年之后尤其是2014年,原环境保护部发布了一系列大气污染源排放清单编制技术指南,使我国大气污染源排放清单工作得到了迅速发展.30多年来基本形成了结合我国实际情况的大气污染源分类、大气污染物排放系数、大气污染物排放量确定方法等大气污染源排放清单相关技术方法.但目前我国尚未建立起排放清单编制的规范化工作程序,国家、省级和城市级环保部门在大气污染源排放清单工作中的分工尚不明晰,清单编制没有融入日常环境管理工作中,现有排放清单工作和研究成果相对分散、缺乏系统性,排放清单对环境管理的支撑作用尚未得到充分发挥.在综合分析了我国大气污染源排放清单取得的进展和面临挑战的基础上,提出如下建议:进一步完善我国大气污染源排放清单技术体系,使排放清单工作制度化、程序化、规范化,明确国家、省级和城市级环保部门在大气污染源排放清单工作中发挥的作用,使大气污染源排放清单成为各级环保部门每年必须完成的工作;进一步推广结合网格化管理、基于区县和乡镇调研的城市大气污染源排放清单编制技术;加强排放清单校核和不确定性分析研究等.
To promote the development of air pollutant emission inventory in China,this paper first reviews it's development progress and challenges in detail. China's air pollutant emissions inventory started in the 1980 s. After 2000, especially after the Ministry of Environmental Protection released a series of technical guidelines for air pollutant emission inventories in 2014,air pollutant emission inventory has developed rapidly. China has basically formed the classification method,emission factors,quantification methods,and other relevant methods of air pollutant emission inventory technology. However,the standardized work procedures for emissions inventory have not been established.The rold of national,provincial and municipal governments are unclear in the work of air pollutant emission inventory.The inventory compiling work has not blended in regular environmental management,the existing emission inventories are relative dispersion and lack systematicity, and emission inventory is not yet fully effective in environmental management. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the development course and challenges of air pollutant emission inventory in China,the next development directions and suggestions were proposed,which included further improving the technological systems of air pollutant emission inventory through institutionalization and routinization,clarifying the role of the national,provincial and municipal governments in the work of air pollutant emission inventory,requiring the local EEB to prepare the air pollutant emission inventory annually,further promoting air pollutants emission inventory technology based on grid management and investigation of districts,counties and towns,strengthening emission inventory verification and uncertainty analysis research.
To promote the development of air pollutant emission inventory in China,this paper first reviews it's development progress and challenges in detail. China's air pollutant emissions inventory started in the 1980 s. After 2000, especially after the Ministry of Environmental Protection released a series of technical guidelines for air pollutant emission inventories in 2014,air pollutant emission inventory has developed rapidly. China has basically formed the classification method,emission factors,quantification methods,and other relevant methods of air pollutant emission inventory technology. However,the standardized work procedures for emissions inventory have not been established.The rold of national,provincial and municipal governments are unclear in the work of air pollutant emission inventory.The inventory compiling work has not blended in regular environmental management,the existing emission inventories are relative dispersion and lack systematicity, and emission inventory is not yet fully effective in environmental management. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the development course and challenges of air pollutant emission inventory in China,the next development directions and suggestions were proposed,which included further improving the technological systems of air pollutant emission inventory through institutionalization and routinization,clarifying the role of the national,provincial and municipal governments in the work of air pollutant emission inventory,requiring the local EEB to prepare the air pollutant emission inventory annually,further promoting air pollutants emission inventory technology based on grid management and investigation of districts,counties and towns,strengthening emission inventory verification and uncertainty analysis research.
引文
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