基于原料类型及末端治理的典型溶剂使用源VOCs排放系数
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摘要
以珠三角地区典型溶剂使用行业为研究对象,包括印刷业、家具制造业和电子元件及设备制造业,进行基于不同原料类型和末端治理的VOCs排放系数研究,对比研究了典型生产工艺不同类型的原料VOCs组分与含量特征,不同原料类型及末端综合治理情况对VOCs排放的影响,最终建立了三大行业典型生产工艺基于原料类型及末端综合治理情况的精细化VOCs排放系数.结果表明,印刷业有机原料中VOCs组分主要为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、异丙醇、正丙醇和乙醇等含氧VOCs,其占比约为原料总VOCs的60%～80%;家具制造业有机原料中含氧VOCs主要为乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯,占比约为原料总VOCs的45%～65%;电子元件和设备制造业有机原料VOCs组分主要为醇、醚、酚等含氧VOCs,苯系物及卤代烃等.印刷业VOCs治理前后综合排放系数分别为415. 2 kg·t~(-1)和184. 3 kg·t~(-1).其中,溶剂型原料为704. 9 kg·t~(-1)和200. 1 kg·t~(-1),水溶性原料为325. 6 kg·t~(-1)和230. 3 kg·t~(-1),UV型原料为197. 0 kg·t~(-1)和129. 0 kg·t~(-1),植物型原料为89. 0 kg·t~(-1)和89. 0 kg·t~(-1).家具制造业VOCs治理前后综合排放系数分别为379. 0 kg·t~(-1)和290. 2 kg·t~(-1).其中,溶剂型原料为603. 0 kg·t~(-1)和448. 5kg·t~(-1),水溶性原料为80. 0 kg·t~(-1)和80. 0 kg·t~(-1),粉末型原料为230. 0 kg·t~(-1)和184. 0 kg·t~(-1).电子元件及设备制造中,AC陶瓷电容器、CC陶瓷电容器、压敏电阻、铝电解电容器治理前后VOCs排放系数[单位:kg·(百万只)-1]分别为59. 7和40. 8、394. 1和269. 6、282. 4和193. 2、1. 2和1. 0.连续端子、漆包线和PCB印制电路板治理前后VOCs排放系数分别为56. 3kg·t~(-1)和42. 8 kg·t~(-1)、87. 2 kg·t~(-1)和28. 3 kg·t~(-1)、26. 4 kg·(100 m2)-1和11. 6 kg·(100 m2)-1.
A database of refined raw materials and end treatment-based VOCs emission factors for typical solvent use sources was developed for the Pearl River Delta. For this,the impact of composition and the content of raw materials,production process,and comprehensive end treatment on the emission of VOCs was analyzed. The solvent use sources included printing, furniture manufacturing,and electronic component and equipment manufacturing. The results showed that the main VOCs in the raw materials used in printing were ethyl acetate,propyl acetate,isopropanol,propanol,and ethanol,which contributed 60%-80% to the total amount of VOCs. Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate were the main oxygenated VOCs( OVOCs) from the raw materials used in furniture manufacturing,contributing 45%-65% of the total. The main VOCs from the raw materials used in electronic component and equipment manufacturing were OVOCs such as alcohols,ethers and phenols,BTEX,and halohydrocarbons. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from printing were 415. 2 kg·t~(-1) and 184. 3 kg·t~(-1),respectively. Of these,solvent-based raw materials accounted for 704. 9 kg·t~(-1) and 200. 1 kg·t~(-1),water-based raw materials accounted for 325. 6 kg·t~(-1) and 230. 3 kg·t~(-1),UV raw materials accounted for 197. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 129. 0 kg·t~(-1),and plant-based raw materials accounted for 89. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 89. 0 kg·t~(-1),respectively. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from furniture manufacturing were 379. 0 kg·t~(-1) and290. 2 kg·t~(-1),respectively. Of these,solvent-based raw materials accounted for 603. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 448. 5 kg·t~(-1),water-based raw materials accounted for 80. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 80. 0 kg·t~(-1),and powder raw materials accounted for 230. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 184. 0 kg·t~(-1),respectively. In electronic component and equipment manufacturing, the uncontrolled and controlled emission factors( unit:kg·million-1) for VOCs from AC ceramic capacitors,CC ceramic capacitors,varistors,and aluminum electrolytic capacitors were59. 7 and 40. 8,394. 1 and 269. 6,282. 4 and 193. 2,and 1. 2 and 1. 0,respectively. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from the manufacturing of continuous terminals,enameled wire,and printed circuit boards were 56. 3 kg·t~(-1) and 42. 8 kg·t~(-1),87. 2 kg·t~(-1) and 28. 3 kg·t~(-1),and 26. 4 kg·( 100 m2)-1 and 11. 6 kg·( 100 m2)-1,respectively.
A database of refined raw materials and end treatment-based VOCs emission factors for typical solvent use sources was developed for the Pearl River Delta. For this,the impact of composition and the content of raw materials,production process,and comprehensive end treatment on the emission of VOCs was analyzed. The solvent use sources included printing, furniture manufacturing,and electronic component and equipment manufacturing. The results showed that the main VOCs in the raw materials used in printing were ethyl acetate,propyl acetate,isopropanol,propanol,and ethanol,which contributed 60%-80% to the total amount of VOCs. Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate were the main oxygenated VOCs( OVOCs) from the raw materials used in furniture manufacturing,contributing 45%-65% of the total. The main VOCs from the raw materials used in electronic component and equipment manufacturing were OVOCs such as alcohols,ethers and phenols,BTEX,and halohydrocarbons. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from printing were 415. 2 kg·t~(-1) and 184. 3 kg·t~(-1),respectively. Of these,solvent-based raw materials accounted for 704. 9 kg·t~(-1) and 200. 1 kg·t~(-1),water-based raw materials accounted for 325. 6 kg·t~(-1) and 230. 3 kg·t~(-1),UV raw materials accounted for 197. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 129. 0 kg·t~(-1),and plant-based raw materials accounted for 89. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 89. 0 kg·t~(-1),respectively. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from furniture manufacturing were 379. 0 kg·t~(-1) and290. 2 kg·t~(-1),respectively. Of these,solvent-based raw materials accounted for 603. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 448. 5 kg·t~(-1),water-based raw materials accounted for 80. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 80. 0 kg·t~(-1),and powder raw materials accounted for 230. 0 kg·t~(-1) and 184. 0 kg·t~(-1),respectively. In electronic component and equipment manufacturing, the uncontrolled and controlled emission factors( unit:kg·million-1) for VOCs from AC ceramic capacitors,CC ceramic capacitors,varistors,and aluminum electrolytic capacitors were59. 7 and 40. 8,394. 1 and 269. 6,282. 4 and 193. 2,and 1. 2 and 1. 0,respectively. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from the manufacturing of continuous terminals,enameled wire,and printed circuit boards were 56. 3 kg·t~(-1) and 42. 8 kg·t~(-1),87. 2 kg·t~(-1) and 28. 3 kg·t~(-1),and 26. 4 kg·( 100 m2)-1 and 11. 6 kg·( 100 m2)-1,respectively.
引文
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[13]潘月云,李楠,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2655-2669.Pan Y Y,Li N,Zheng J Y,et al. Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):2655-2669.
[14]余宇帆,卢清,郑君瑜,等.珠江三角洲地区重点VOC排放行业的排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(2):195-201.Yu Y F,Lu Q,Zheng J Y,et al. VOC emission inventory and its uncertainty from the key VOC-related industries in the Pearl River Delta Region[J]. China Environmental Science,2011,31(2):195-201.
[15]杨柳林,曾武涛,张永波,等.珠江三角洲大气排放源清单与时空分配模型建立[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3521-3534.Yang L L,Zeng W T,Zhang Y B,et al. Establishment of emission inventory and spatial-temporal allocation model for air pollutant sources in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3521-3534.
[16]余宇帆.珠江三角洲地区典型工业VOCs源排放成分谱研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[17] Zheng J Y,Yu Y F,Mo Z W,et al. Industrial sector-based volatile organic compound(VOC)source profiles measured in manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,456-457:127-136.
[18]于广河,朱乔,夏士勇,等.深圳市典型工业行业VOCs排放谱特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(S1):232-236.
[19]杨杨,杨静,尹沙沙,等.珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):326-333.Yang Y,Yang J,Yin S S,et al. Speciated VOCs emission inventory and key species from printing industry in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):326-333.
[20]肖景方,叶代启,刘巧,等.消费电子产品生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征的研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1612-1619.Xiao J F,Ye D Q,Liu Q,et al. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from the manufacturing process of consumer electronic products[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(6):1612-1619.
[21]何梦林,王旎,陈扬达,等.广东省典型电子工业企业挥发性有机物排放特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1581-1588.He M L,Wang N,Cheng Y D,et al. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from electronic manufacturing factory of Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1581-1588.
[22]王宇楠,叶代启,林俊敏,等.漆包线行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(6):980-987.Wang Y N,Ye D Q,Lin J M,et al. A study on emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from enameled wire industry[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(6):980-987.
[23]王宇楠.漆包线生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.
[24]上海市环境保护局关于印发《上海市工业企业挥发性有机物排放量通用计算方法(试行)》的通知[EB/OL]. http://www. voc. news/news/show. php? itemid=535,2017-03-07.
[25]广东省生态环境厅关于印发《广东省重点行业挥发性有机物排放量计算方法(试行)》的通知[EB/OL]. http://www. gdsct. com/dgweb_content-915652. html,2018-12-04.
[26]广东省环境保护厅《印刷、制鞋、家具、表面涂装(汽车制造)行业挥发性有机物总量减排核算细则》[EB/OL].http://www. gdep. gov. cn/zwxx_1/zfgw/shbtwj/201609/t20160906_214934. html,2016-08-31.
[27]王家德,吕建璋,李文娟,等.浙江省包装印刷行业挥发性有机物排放特征及排放系数[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3552-3556.Wang J D,Lv J Z,Li W J,et al. Pollution characteristics and emission coefficients of volatile organic compounds from the packaging and printing industry in Zhejiang province[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3552-3556.
[28]环境保护部.大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南[EB/OL]. http://www. mee. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/W020140828351293705457. pdf.
[2]中国地球物理学会.中国地球物理[M].北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,2012. 102.Chinese Geophysical Society. The Chinese geophysics[M].Beijing:China University of Science and Technology Press,2012. 102.
[3] Sun G J,Yao L,Jiao L,et al. Characterizing PM2. 5pollution of a subtropical metropolitan area in China[J]. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences,2013,3(1):100-110.
[4] Zhao P S, Dong F, Yang Y D, et al. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,71:389-398.
[5] Yuan B,Hu W W,Shao M,et al. VOC emissions,evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in eastern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(17):8815-8832.
[6] Liu X H,Zhang Y,Xing J,et al. Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ,partⅡ. Process analysis and sensitivity of ozone and particulate matter to precursor emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(30):3719-3727.
[7] Cheng H R, Guo H, Saunders S M, et al. Assessing photochemical ozone formation in the Pearl River Delta with a photochemical trajectory model[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(34):4199-4208.
[8] Cheng H R,Guo H,Wang X M,et al. On the relationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta:application of an observation-based model(OBM)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2010,17(3):547-560.
[9] Ling Z H,Guo H,Zheng J Y,et al. Establishing a conceptual model for photochemical ozone pollution in subtropical Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,76:208-220.
[10] Liang X M,Chen X F,Zhang J N,et al. Reactivity-based industrial volatile organic compounds emission inventory and its implications for ozone control strategies in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,162:115-126.
[11]梁小明,张嘉妮,陈小方,等.我国人为源挥发性有机物反应性排放清单[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):845-854.Liang X M,Zhang J N,Chen X F,et al. Reactivity-based anthropogenic VOCs emission inventory in China[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):845-854.
[12]李楠.广东省2012年大气排放源清单定量不确定及校验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2017.
[13]潘月云,李楠,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2655-2669.Pan Y Y,Li N,Zheng J Y,et al. Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):2655-2669.
[14]余宇帆,卢清,郑君瑜,等.珠江三角洲地区重点VOC排放行业的排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(2):195-201.Yu Y F,Lu Q,Zheng J Y,et al. VOC emission inventory and its uncertainty from the key VOC-related industries in the Pearl River Delta Region[J]. China Environmental Science,2011,31(2):195-201.
[15]杨柳林,曾武涛,张永波,等.珠江三角洲大气排放源清单与时空分配模型建立[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3521-3534.Yang L L,Zeng W T,Zhang Y B,et al. Establishment of emission inventory and spatial-temporal allocation model for air pollutant sources in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3521-3534.
[16]余宇帆.珠江三角洲地区典型工业VOCs源排放成分谱研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[17] Zheng J Y,Yu Y F,Mo Z W,et al. Industrial sector-based volatile organic compound(VOC)source profiles measured in manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,456-457:127-136.
[18]于广河,朱乔,夏士勇,等.深圳市典型工业行业VOCs排放谱特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(S1):232-236.
[19]杨杨,杨静,尹沙沙,等.珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):326-333.Yang Y,Yang J,Yin S S,et al. Speciated VOCs emission inventory and key species from printing industry in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):326-333.
[20]肖景方,叶代启,刘巧,等.消费电子产品生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征的研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1612-1619.Xiao J F,Ye D Q,Liu Q,et al. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from the manufacturing process of consumer electronic products[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(6):1612-1619.
[21]何梦林,王旎,陈扬达,等.广东省典型电子工业企业挥发性有机物排放特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1581-1588.He M L,Wang N,Cheng Y D,et al. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from electronic manufacturing factory of Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1581-1588.
[22]王宇楠,叶代启,林俊敏,等.漆包线行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(6):980-987.Wang Y N,Ye D Q,Lin J M,et al. A study on emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from enameled wire industry[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(6):980-987.
[23]王宇楠.漆包线生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.
[24]上海市环境保护局关于印发《上海市工业企业挥发性有机物排放量通用计算方法(试行)》的通知[EB/OL]. http://www. voc. news/news/show. php? itemid=535,2017-03-07.
[25]广东省生态环境厅关于印发《广东省重点行业挥发性有机物排放量计算方法(试行)》的通知[EB/OL]. http://www. gdsct. com/dgweb_content-915652. html,2018-12-04.
[26]广东省环境保护厅《印刷、制鞋、家具、表面涂装(汽车制造)行业挥发性有机物总量减排核算细则》[EB/OL].http://www. gdep. gov. cn/zwxx_1/zfgw/shbtwj/201609/t20160906_214934. html,2016-08-31.
[27]王家德,吕建璋,李文娟,等.浙江省包装印刷行业挥发性有机物排放特征及排放系数[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3552-3556.Wang J D,Lv J Z,Li W J,et al. Pollution characteristics and emission coefficients of volatile organic compounds from the packaging and printing industry in Zhejiang province[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3552-3556.
[28]环境保护部.大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南[EB/OL]. http://www. mee. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/W020140828351293705457. pdf.
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