林地覆盖对黄甜竹土壤温度及生长的影响
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摘要
为促使黄甜竹提早出笋和延长出笋期,采用杏鲍菇废菌糠和麦壳为发热材料,谷壳为保温材料;设计不同覆盖厚度,对黄甜竹林地进行覆盖试验。结果显示:当覆盖杏鲍菇废菌糠的厚度为10 cm时,最高土温达31℃,最低土温17℃;当厚度为20 cm时,最高土温39℃,最低土温20℃。当覆盖麦壳的厚度为8 cm时,最高土温度28℃,最低土温14℃;当厚度为16 cm时,最高土温39℃,最低土温16℃。覆盖麦壳8 cm时的出笋期最长,比对照延长52 d;出笋数也最多,达363个,比对照增加19.0%;浮鞭数最少、浮鞭长度最小、浮鞭鞭径也最小。因此,利用林地覆盖技术提早黄甜竹出笋,延长出笋期,可选用麦壳作发热材料,厚度控制在8 cm左右,然后再加盖20 cm厚的保温材料谷壳,其覆盖效果最好。
Different mulching thicknesses were designed to test the mulching of bamboo forest to promote the early emergence of bamboo shoots and prolong the emergence period, the waste fungus bran of Pleurotus ostreatus and wheat husk were used as heating materials, and the rice husk was used as heat preservation material. The results showed that, the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 31 ℃ and 17 ℃, when the thickness of the waste mushroom bran of P. ostreatus was 10 cm; the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 39 ℃ and 20 ℃ when the thickness was 20 cm. The highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 28 ℃ and 14 ℃ when the thickness of the wheat husk was 8 cm, the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 39 ℃ and 16 ℃ when the thickness was 16 cm. The germination period was the longest with the wheat shell was covered 8 cm, and 52 d longer than that of the control group; the number of shoots also reached 363, 19.0% more than that of the control group; and the floating whip has the minimum number, length and diameter of floating whip.To early emergence of bamboo shoots extends the emergence period, the best effect is the wheat husks as heating materials, the thickness was 8 cm and cover rice husk with insulation material 20 cm thick.
Different mulching thicknesses were designed to test the mulching of bamboo forest to promote the early emergence of bamboo shoots and prolong the emergence period, the waste fungus bran of Pleurotus ostreatus and wheat husk were used as heating materials, and the rice husk was used as heat preservation material. The results showed that, the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 31 ℃ and 17 ℃, when the thickness of the waste mushroom bran of P. ostreatus was 10 cm; the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 39 ℃ and 20 ℃ when the thickness was 20 cm. The highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 28 ℃ and 14 ℃ when the thickness of the wheat husk was 8 cm, the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil temperature reached 39 ℃ and 16 ℃ when the thickness was 16 cm. The germination period was the longest with the wheat shell was covered 8 cm, and 52 d longer than that of the control group; the number of shoots also reached 363, 19.0% more than that of the control group; and the floating whip has the minimum number, length and diameter of floating whip.To early emergence of bamboo shoots extends the emergence period, the best effect is the wheat husks as heating materials, the thickness was 8 cm and cover rice husk with insulation material 20 cm thick.
引文
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[13] 彭赛芬.不同地面覆盖物对黄甜竹林土壤化学性质及生产力的影响[J].安徽农业科技,2013,41(13),5783-5785.
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[15 ]俞樟福,何绍峰,孙建国,等.早园竹覆盖的负面作用及其对策[J].浙江林业科技,2001,21(2):42-45.
[16] 张慧,陈继红,孙宇建,等.高节竹夏笋冬出与鞭笋生产试验初报[J].浙江林业科技,2008,28(1):63-65
[17] 翁永发,吴晓峰,张耀辉,等.红壳竹覆盖栽培试验初报[J].浙江林业科技,2002,22(6):25-27.
[2] 何林,傅冰,王军峰,等.黄甜竹丰产林地下竹鞭结构生长规律研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2011,30(3):13-17.
[3] 潘心禾,吴健.黄甜竹山地造林技术研究[J].浙江林业科技,2005,25(6):34-36.
[4] 方栋龙.黄甜竹笋用林丰产技术试验研究[J].福建林业科技,2005,32( 1):68-69.
[5] 蒋心萍.不同管理措施对黄甜竹生长的影响[J].世界竹藤通讯,2009,7(2):28-31.
[6] 邹昊.黄甜竹开发利用价值及引种栽培技术的探讨[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(14),166-184.
[7] 黄运菲,黄能开,陈美蓉.等.黄甜竹笋用林丰产栽培研究[J].福建林业科技,2002,29(21):46-49.
[8] 李肇峰.闽中山地黄甜竹立竹密度与笋产量关系研究[J].福建林业科技,2007,34(3):53-55
[9] 林小梅.黄甜竹笋用林经营技术[J].林业技术开发,2002,16(5):60.
[10] 黄甜竹引种栽培中管理技术因子的调控[J].世界竹藤通讯,2009,7(3):29-31
[11] 孟勇,艾文胜,杨明,等.覆盖增温对黄甜竹出笋的影响[J].湖南林业科技,2012,35(3):15-17.
[12] 杨明,艾文胜,孟勇,等.毛竹林覆盖技术研究[J].湖南林业科技,2012,39(5):39-42.
[13] 彭赛芬.不同地面覆盖物对黄甜竹林土壤化学性质及生产力的影响[J].安徽农业科技,2013,41(13),5783-5785.
[14] 方栋龙.红哺鸡竹林地覆盖技术研究[J]中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,30(2):48-50.
[15 ]俞樟福,何绍峰,孙建国,等.早园竹覆盖的负面作用及其对策[J].浙江林业科技,2001,21(2):42-45.
[16] 张慧,陈继红,孙宇建,等.高节竹夏笋冬出与鞭笋生产试验初报[J].浙江林业科技,2008,28(1):63-65
[17] 翁永发,吴晓峰,张耀辉,等.红壳竹覆盖栽培试验初报[J].浙江林业科技,2002,22(6):25-27.