林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
以成都云顶山柏木(Cupressus funebris)人工林为对象,采用典型样地法研究不同林分密度(1100、950、800、650、500株/hm~2)对林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质及林下物种多样性与土壤理化性质相关性的影响。结果表明:共发现维管植物168种,隶属75科140属。随林分密度的降低,灌木层多样性指数呈先增后减的单峰变化,在密度650株/hm~2出现峰值,草本层多样性指数呈先增后减再增再减的双峰变化,在密度950株/hm~2和650株/hm~2出现峰值。同时发现光照为影响林下植物多样性的重要因素。林分密度对土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾、有机质影响显著,有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾随林分密度降低呈先增后减的变化趋势。钾、氮、有机质与林下植被物种多样性关系最密切。结论:林分密度650株/hm~2为云顶山柏木人工林最适密度,该密度能较好的提高林下物种多样性和土壤肥力。
We investigated the understory species diversity,soil physicochemical properties,and their relationships with a Cupressus funebris plantation using typical plot methods under five different stand densities( 1,100,950,800,650,500 tree/hm~2) in the Yunding Mountain,Chengdu,to find a density that could maintain a stable community structure. The results identified a total of 168 vascular plant species belonging to 75 families and 140 genera. With a decrease of stand density,the shrub layer diversity indexes initially increased and then decreased. The highest species diversity appeared at a density of 650 tree/hm~2. The herb layer diversity indexes showed a double-peak distribution: initially increased,then decreased,and increased again,then finally decreased. The turning point appeared at densities of both 950 and 650 tree/hm~2. Meanwhile,we found that the sunlight played an important role affecting the species richness index variation. Our results also suggested that different stand densities had significant effects on the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,and organic matter in the soil. The responses of organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,and available potassium were similar to the shrub layer diversity index variation. Moreover,there was a significant correlation among potassium,nitrogen,organic matter,and understory species diversity. The results indicated that a stand density of650 tree/hm~2 would optimally enhance the understory species diversity and soil fertility.
We investigated the understory species diversity,soil physicochemical properties,and their relationships with a Cupressus funebris plantation using typical plot methods under five different stand densities( 1,100,950,800,650,500 tree/hm~2) in the Yunding Mountain,Chengdu,to find a density that could maintain a stable community structure. The results identified a total of 168 vascular plant species belonging to 75 families and 140 genera. With a decrease of stand density,the shrub layer diversity indexes initially increased and then decreased. The highest species diversity appeared at a density of 650 tree/hm~2. The herb layer diversity indexes showed a double-peak distribution: initially increased,then decreased,and increased again,then finally decreased. The turning point appeared at densities of both 950 and 650 tree/hm~2. Meanwhile,we found that the sunlight played an important role affecting the species richness index variation. Our results also suggested that different stand densities had significant effects on the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,and organic matter in the soil. The responses of organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,and available potassium were similar to the shrub layer diversity index variation. Moreover,there was a significant correlation among potassium,nitrogen,organic matter,and understory species diversity. The results indicated that a stand density of650 tree/hm~2 would optimally enhance the understory species diversity and soil fertility.
引文
[1]陈丝露,赵敏,李贤伟,范川,肖宝茹.柏木低效林不同改造模式优势草本植物多样性及其生态位.生态学报,2018,38(1):143-155.
[2]刘奕琳,万福绪,娄晓瑞.盐胁迫对10个墨西哥柏种源幼苗生理生化的影响.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):29-33.
[3]龚固堂,黎燕琼,朱志芳,陈俊华,慕长龙,吴雪仙,郑绍伟.川中丘陵区人工柏木防护林适宜林分结构及水文效应.生态学报,2012,32(3):923-930.
[4]李平,李凤汀,范川,李贤伟,张健,黄明莉.川中丘陵区柏木低效林改造模式植物多样性对土壤有机碳的影响.生态学报,2015,35(8):2667-2675.
[5]范川,周义贵,李贤伟,张健,廖洪流,李凤汀,冯茂松.柏木低效林改造不同模式土壤抗蚀性对比.林业科学,2014,50(6):107-114.
[6]巢林,洪滔,李键,陈灿,洪伟,吴承祯.中亚热带不同林龄杉木人工林径级结构与林下物种多样性分析.植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(2):88-96.
[7]李国雷,刘勇,于海群,吕瑞恒,李瑞生.油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林林下植被发育对油松生长节律的响应.生态学报,2009,29(3):1264-1275.
[8]杨承栋,焦如珍,屠星南,陈仲庐,熊有强.发育林下植被是恢复杉木人工林地力的重要途径.林业科学,1995,31(3):275-283.
[9]Carr C A,Krueger W C.Understory vegetation and ponderosa pine abundance in Eastern Oregon.Rangeland Ecology&Management,2011,64(5):533-542.
[10]Rivaie A A.The effects of understory vegetation on P availability in Pinus radiata forest stands:a review.Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(3):489-500.
[11]盛炜彤.不同密度杉木人工林林下植被发育与演替的定位研究.林业科学研究,2001,14(5):463-471.
[12]李伟,张翠萍,魏润鹏.广东中西部桉树人工林植物多样性与林龄和土壤因子的关系.生态学报,2014,34(17):4957-4965.
[13]崔宁洁,张丹桔,刘洋,张健,欧江,张捷,邓超,纪托未.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质.生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2610-2617.
[14]罗素梅,何东进,谢益林,李树忠,董永平,王其炳,罗建,林美浩,张中瑞.林分密度对尾赤桉人工林群落结构与生态效应的影响研究.热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(4):357-363.
[15]何艺玲,傅懋毅.人工林林下植被的研究现状.林业科学研究,2002,15(6):727-733.
[16]王树森,余新晓,罗于洋,赵广亮,杨君,海龙.人工造林对八达岭森林植被木本植物生物多样性的影响.北京林业大学学报,2008,30(S2):155-159.
[17]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,唐志尧,贺金生,于丹,江源,王志恒,郑成洋,朱江玲,郭兆迪.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范.生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[18]周树平,梁坤南,杜健,李碧均,周再知,黄桂华.不同密度柚木人工林林下植被及土壤理化性质的研究.植物研究,2017,37(2):200-210.
[19]王继丰,韩大勇,王建波,付晓玲,朱道光,刘赢男,曹宏杰,黄庆阳,谢立红,钟海秀,隋心,倪红伟.三江平原湿地小叶章群落沿土壤水分梯度物种组成及多样性变化.生态学报,2017,37(10):3515-3524.
[20]雷相东,唐守正,李冬兰,陈宝升,张则路.影响天然林下层植物物种多样性的林分因子的研究.生态学杂志,2003,22(3):18-22.
[21]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,姚小兰,张逸博,朱云航,齐锦秋.不同林分密度下川北白云山地区喜树人工林的群落结构和物种多样性.植物研究,2015,35(5):772-778.
[22]Alem S,Pavlis J,Urban J,Kucera J.Pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cupressus lusitanica:their growth interactions and effect on diversity and density of undergrowth woody plants in relation to light.Open Journal of Forestry,2015,5(4):375-386.
[23]鲁绍伟,刘凤芹,余新晓,王树森,杨新兵,李春平.华北土石山区不同造林密度的油松林结构与功能研究.干旱区资源与环境,2007,27(9):144-149.
[24]康冰,刘世荣,蔡道雄,卢立华.马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2323-2331.
[25]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系.水土保持研究,2016,23(6):45-51,58-58.
[26]董艳红,王火焰,周健民,任正文.不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究.土壤,2014,46(2):225-231.
[27]国家林业局.第八次全国森林资源清查结果.北京:国家林业局,2014.
[28]孙千惠,吴霞,王媚臻,张柳桦,姚小兰,齐锦秋,郝建锋.林分密度对马尾松林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(3):732-738.
[2]刘奕琳,万福绪,娄晓瑞.盐胁迫对10个墨西哥柏种源幼苗生理生化的影响.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):29-33.
[3]龚固堂,黎燕琼,朱志芳,陈俊华,慕长龙,吴雪仙,郑绍伟.川中丘陵区人工柏木防护林适宜林分结构及水文效应.生态学报,2012,32(3):923-930.
[4]李平,李凤汀,范川,李贤伟,张健,黄明莉.川中丘陵区柏木低效林改造模式植物多样性对土壤有机碳的影响.生态学报,2015,35(8):2667-2675.
[5]范川,周义贵,李贤伟,张健,廖洪流,李凤汀,冯茂松.柏木低效林改造不同模式土壤抗蚀性对比.林业科学,2014,50(6):107-114.
[6]巢林,洪滔,李键,陈灿,洪伟,吴承祯.中亚热带不同林龄杉木人工林径级结构与林下物种多样性分析.植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(2):88-96.
[7]李国雷,刘勇,于海群,吕瑞恒,李瑞生.油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林林下植被发育对油松生长节律的响应.生态学报,2009,29(3):1264-1275.
[8]杨承栋,焦如珍,屠星南,陈仲庐,熊有强.发育林下植被是恢复杉木人工林地力的重要途径.林业科学,1995,31(3):275-283.
[9]Carr C A,Krueger W C.Understory vegetation and ponderosa pine abundance in Eastern Oregon.Rangeland Ecology&Management,2011,64(5):533-542.
[10]Rivaie A A.The effects of understory vegetation on P availability in Pinus radiata forest stands:a review.Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(3):489-500.
[11]盛炜彤.不同密度杉木人工林林下植被发育与演替的定位研究.林业科学研究,2001,14(5):463-471.
[12]李伟,张翠萍,魏润鹏.广东中西部桉树人工林植物多样性与林龄和土壤因子的关系.生态学报,2014,34(17):4957-4965.
[13]崔宁洁,张丹桔,刘洋,张健,欧江,张捷,邓超,纪托未.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质.生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2610-2617.
[14]罗素梅,何东进,谢益林,李树忠,董永平,王其炳,罗建,林美浩,张中瑞.林分密度对尾赤桉人工林群落结构与生态效应的影响研究.热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(4):357-363.
[15]何艺玲,傅懋毅.人工林林下植被的研究现状.林业科学研究,2002,15(6):727-733.
[16]王树森,余新晓,罗于洋,赵广亮,杨君,海龙.人工造林对八达岭森林植被木本植物生物多样性的影响.北京林业大学学报,2008,30(S2):155-159.
[17]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,唐志尧,贺金生,于丹,江源,王志恒,郑成洋,朱江玲,郭兆迪.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范.生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[18]周树平,梁坤南,杜健,李碧均,周再知,黄桂华.不同密度柚木人工林林下植被及土壤理化性质的研究.植物研究,2017,37(2):200-210.
[19]王继丰,韩大勇,王建波,付晓玲,朱道光,刘赢男,曹宏杰,黄庆阳,谢立红,钟海秀,隋心,倪红伟.三江平原湿地小叶章群落沿土壤水分梯度物种组成及多样性变化.生态学报,2017,37(10):3515-3524.
[20]雷相东,唐守正,李冬兰,陈宝升,张则路.影响天然林下层植物物种多样性的林分因子的研究.生态学杂志,2003,22(3):18-22.
[21]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,姚小兰,张逸博,朱云航,齐锦秋.不同林分密度下川北白云山地区喜树人工林的群落结构和物种多样性.植物研究,2015,35(5):772-778.
[22]Alem S,Pavlis J,Urban J,Kucera J.Pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cupressus lusitanica:their growth interactions and effect on diversity and density of undergrowth woody plants in relation to light.Open Journal of Forestry,2015,5(4):375-386.
[23]鲁绍伟,刘凤芹,余新晓,王树森,杨新兵,李春平.华北土石山区不同造林密度的油松林结构与功能研究.干旱区资源与环境,2007,27(9):144-149.
[24]康冰,刘世荣,蔡道雄,卢立华.马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2323-2331.
[25]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系.水土保持研究,2016,23(6):45-51,58-58.
[26]董艳红,王火焰,周健民,任正文.不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究.土壤,2014,46(2):225-231.
[27]国家林业局.第八次全国森林资源清查结果.北京:国家林业局,2014.
[28]孙千惠,吴霞,王媚臻,张柳桦,姚小兰,齐锦秋,郝建锋.林分密度对马尾松林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(3):732-738.
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