潮流和风浪对海底边界层剪切应力和悬浮物浓度影响的观测研究
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摘要
潮流和风浪是浅海底边界层沉积物再悬浮和垂向输运的主要动力,对底剪切应力和悬浮物浓度有显著影响。本文基于2018年2月23日～3月2日在山东半岛东侧进行的一次原位座底连续观测,利用高频点式流速仪(ADV)和浊度计(RBR-TU)的观测结果定量研究了潮流和风浪对底剪切应力和悬浮物浓度的影响。结果表明:在弱风浪情况下,底剪切应力跟潮流流速的平方显著相关。但是在强风浪海况下(有效波高大于1 m),底剪切应力受控于风浪的影响。潮流通过平流输运作用和局地再悬浮作用影响悬浮物浓度分布,而波浪主要通过局地再悬浮影响悬浮物浓度。定量研究潮流和风浪对底边界层剪切应力和悬浮物浓度的影响有助于认识沉积动力过程,进而优化目前沉积物输运模型中的参数化方案,达到定量预测沉积物输运过程的目的。
Tidal currents and wind waves are the dominant driving forces for sediment resuspension and transport in the bottom boundary layer of shallow seas. Based on an in-situ dataset collected off the Shandong Peninsula from February 23 to March 2, 2018, the effects of tidal currents and wind waves on bottom shear stress and suspended sediment concentration were quantitatively studied. Under weak wave conditions, the bottom shear stress is significantly correlated with the square of tidal current speed. As surface waves grow bigger(significant wave height is greater than 1 meter), the bottom shear stress is mainly controlled by the waves. Tidal currents contribute to the variation of suspended sediment concentration through lateral advection and/or local resuspension, while wind waves mainly cause the local resuspension. This quantitative study is deemed to help understanding the sedimentary dynamic process of the bottom boundary layer by optimizing parameterization schemes in sediment transport models.
Tidal currents and wind waves are the dominant driving forces for sediment resuspension and transport in the bottom boundary layer of shallow seas. Based on an in-situ dataset collected off the Shandong Peninsula from February 23 to March 2, 2018, the effects of tidal currents and wind waves on bottom shear stress and suspended sediment concentration were quantitatively studied. Under weak wave conditions, the bottom shear stress is significantly correlated with the square of tidal current speed. As surface waves grow bigger(significant wave height is greater than 1 meter), the bottom shear stress is mainly controlled by the waves. Tidal currents contribute to the variation of suspended sediment concentration through lateral advection and/or local resuspension, while wind waves mainly cause the local resuspension. This quantitative study is deemed to help understanding the sedimentary dynamic process of the bottom boundary layer by optimizing parameterization schemes in sediment transport models.
引文
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[20] Pawlowicz R,Beardsley B,Lentz S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T-TIDE[J].Computers & Geosciences,2002,28(8):929-937.
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[22] Weeks A R,Simpson J H,Bowers D.The relationship between suspended particulate matter and tidal processes in the Irish Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,1993,13:1325-1334.
[23] Krivtsov V,Gascoigne J,Jones S.Harmonic analysis of suspended particulate matter in the Menai Strait (UK)[J].Ecological Modelling,2008,212:53-67.
[24] Li Y,Jia J J,Zhu Q G,et al.Differentiating the effects of advection and resuspension on suspended sediment concentrations in a turbid estuary[J].Marine Geology,2018,403:179-190.
[2] Milliman J D,Qin Y S,Ren M E,et al.Man’s influence on the erosion and transport of sediment by Asian rivers:The Yellow River (Huanghe) example [J].Geology,1987,95:751-762.
[3] Milliman J D,Qin Y S,Park Y A.Sediments and sedimentary processes in the Yellow and East China Seas[J].Sedimentary Facies in the Active Plate Margin,1989:233-249.
[4] Alexander C R,DeMaster D J,Nittrouer C.A.Sediment accumulation in a modern epicontinental-shelf setting:The Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,1991,98:51-72.
[5] Liu J,Saito Y,Wang H.Sedimentary evolution of the Holocene subaqueous clinoform off the Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2007,236:165-187.
[6] Zhang J,Huang W W,Shi M C.Huanghe and its estuary:sediment origin,transport and deposition[J].Journal of Hydrology,1990,120:203-223.
[7] Martin J M,Zhang J,Shi M C,et al.Actual flux of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment to the western Pacific Ocean[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1993,31(3):243-254.
[8] 蒋东辉,高抒.渤海海峡潮流底应力与沉积物分布的关系[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):663-667.Jiang D H,Gao S.Relationship between the tidally-induced near-bed shear stress and the distribution of surficial sediments in the bohai strait[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):663-667.
[9] Jiang W S,Pohlmann T,Sun J.SPM transport in the Bohai Sea:Field experiments and numerical modelling[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2004,44:175-188.
[10] Liu J,Milliman J,Gao S.The Shandong mud wedge and post-glacial sediment accumulation in the Yellow Sea[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2002,21(4):212-218.
[11] Liu J,Milliman J D,Gao S.Holocene development of the Yellow River’s subaqueous delta,North Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2004,209(1-4):45-67.
[12] Lu J,Qiao F L,Wang X H,et al.A numerical study of transport dynamics and seasonal variability of the Yellow River sediment in the Bohai and Yellow seas[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,95(1):39-51.
[13] Bian C W,Jiang W S,Greatbatch R J.An exploratory model study of sediment transport sources and deposits in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,and East China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans,2013,118(11):10.1002/2013JC009116.
[14] 程鹏,高抒.北黄海西部海底沉积物的粒度特征和净输运趋势[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(6):604-615.Cheng P,Gao S.Net sediment transport patterns over the northwestern yellow sea,based upon grain size trend analysis[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2000,31(6):604-615.
[15] 乔方利.中国区域海洋学—物理海洋学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012:89.Qiao F L.Regional Oceanography of China Seas-Physical Oceanography[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2012:89.
[16] 李家彪.中国区域海洋学—海洋地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012:120.Li J B.Regional Oceanography of China Seas-Marine Geology[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2012:120.
[17] Yang Z S,Liu J P.A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2007,240:169-176.
[18] 李明悝,侯一筠.利用QuikSCAT/NCEP混合风场及WAVEWATCH模拟东中国海风浪场[J].海洋科学,2005(6):9-12.Li Ming-Kui,Hou Yi-Jun.Simulating wind-wave field of the East China Seas wind QuikSCAT/NCEP blended wind and WAVEWATCH[J].Marine Sciences,2005(6):9-12.
[19] 鲍献文,李真,王勇智,等.冬、夏季北黄海悬浮物分布特征[J].泥沙研究,2010(2):48-56.Bao X W,Li Z,Wang Z Y,et al.Sediment distribution features in the North Yellow Sea during summer and winter[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2010(2):48-56.
[20] Pawlowicz R,Beardsley B,Lentz S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T-TIDE[J].Computers & Geosciences,2002,28(8):929-937.
[21] Wiberg P L,Sherwood C R.Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters[J].Computers & Geosciences,2008,34:1243-1262.
[22] Weeks A R,Simpson J H,Bowers D.The relationship between suspended particulate matter and tidal processes in the Irish Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,1993,13:1325-1334.
[23] Krivtsov V,Gascoigne J,Jones S.Harmonic analysis of suspended particulate matter in the Menai Strait (UK)[J].Ecological Modelling,2008,212:53-67.
[24] Li Y,Jia J J,Zhu Q G,et al.Differentiating the effects of advection and resuspension on suspended sediment concentrations in a turbid estuary[J].Marine Geology,2018,403:179-190.