循环冷却系统污垢中无机磷提取方法优化
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摘要
再生水中磷绝大部分为无机磷,是引起循环冷却系统结垢腐蚀的重要因素。为了探究无机磷在系统内的迁移转化及其对系统的影响,无机磷的定量定性尤为重要。在分析了无机磷的SMT (standard measurements and testing)连续提取法在循环冷却系统污垢提取中应用的可行性的基础上,对SMT提取方法进行条件优化,建立了污垢中无机磷定性定量分析方法。结果表明,优化后的SMT连续提取法能够实现对系统内污垢中无机磷的完全提取,且回收率接近100%;污垢中弱吸附态磷(NH_4Cl-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)和钙结合态磷(Ca-P) 4种形态无机磷能得到完全分离。
Most of the phosphorus in the reclaimed water is inorganic phosphorus, which is an important factor causing scale corrosion of the circulating cooling system. To explore the migration and transformation of inorganic phosphorus in the system and its influence on the system, the quantitative determination of inorganic phosphorus is particularly important. The feasibility of SMT continuous extraction of inorganic phosphorus in the fouling of the circulating cooling system was carried out, the inorganic phosphorus SMT was optimized and improved, and a qualitative and quantitative analysis method for inorganic phosphorus was established. The results showed that the majorization of SMT extraction method was able to extract the inorganic phosphorus in the scale completely, the recovery rate was close to 100%, and weakly adsorbed phosphorus(NH_4Cl-P), aluminum-bound phosphorus(AlP),iron-bound phosphorus(Fe-P) and calcium-bound phosphorus(Ca-P) in the scale can be completely separated.
Most of the phosphorus in the reclaimed water is inorganic phosphorus, which is an important factor causing scale corrosion of the circulating cooling system. To explore the migration and transformation of inorganic phosphorus in the system and its influence on the system, the quantitative determination of inorganic phosphorus is particularly important. The feasibility of SMT continuous extraction of inorganic phosphorus in the fouling of the circulating cooling system was carried out, the inorganic phosphorus SMT was optimized and improved, and a qualitative and quantitative analysis method for inorganic phosphorus was established. The results showed that the majorization of SMT extraction method was able to extract the inorganic phosphorus in the scale completely, the recovery rate was close to 100%, and weakly adsorbed phosphorus(NH_4Cl-P), aluminum-bound phosphorus(AlP),iron-bound phosphorus(Fe-P) and calcium-bound phosphorus(Ca-P) in the scale can be completely separated.
引文
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[25]Ruttenberg K C.Development of a sequential extraction method for different forms of phosphorus in marine sediments[J].Limnology Oceanography,1992,37:1460-1482.
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[29]沈雪莲,周振,任伟超,等.城镇污水处理厂污泥中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1200-1204.Shen X L,Zhou Z,Ren W C,et al.Fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(3):1200-1204.
[30]宋明阳,李敏,袁溪,等.污水处理厂污泥磷形态及低温热解-碱解联合处理的释磷效果研究[J].环境工程,2018,(1):112-117.Song M Y,Li M,Yuan X,et al.Phosphorus decomposition in sewage treatment plant sewage and hot alkali pretreatment for phosphorus release efficiency[J].Environmental Engineering,2018,(1):112-117.
[31]郭晨辉,李和祥,方芳,等.黄河甘宁蒙段表层沉积物中总磷3种提取方法的比较[J].中国环境监测,2017,(6):95-99.Guo C H,Li H X,Fang F,et al.Comparison of three extraction methods of total phosphorus in surface sediments from Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,(6):95-99.
[32]Zhao G Q,Sheng Y Q,Jiang M,et al.The biogeochemical characteristics of phosphorus in coastal sediments under high salinity and dredging conditions[J].Chemosphere,2019,215(1):681-692.
[33]Waterlot C.Alternative approach to the standard,measurements and testing programme used to establish phosphorus fractionation in soils[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2018,1003:26-33.
[34]王书航,张博,姜霞,等.采用连续分级提取法研究沉积物中磷的化学形态[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(9):1382-1388.Wang S H,Zhang B,Jiang X,et al.Analysis of phosphorus fractions in sediments by sequential extraction[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(9):1382-1388.
[35]李悦,乌大年,薛永先.沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(1):15-20.Li Y,Wu D N,Xue Y X.Improvement of extraction methods of different forms of phosphorus in sediments and their environmental geochemical significance[J].Marine Environmental Science,1998,17(1):15-20.
[36]Aydin I,Imamoglu S,Aydin F,et al.Determination of mineral phosphate species in sedimentary phosphate rock in Mardin,SEAnatolia,Turkey by sequential extraction[J].Microchem.J.,2009,91:63-69.
[2]Parsons C T,Rezanezhad F,O'Connell D W,et al.Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions[J].Biogeosciences,2017,14(14):1-36.
[3]Xiang S L,Zhou W B.Phosphorus forms and distribution in the sediments of Poyang Lake,China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2011,26(2):230-238.
[4]Kang X,Song J,Yuan H,et al.Phosphorus speciation and its bioavailability in sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2017,188:127-136.
[5]杨斌,王婷,王坤,等.一种改进的磷形态连续提取方法[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(9):90-97.Yang B,Wang T,Wang K,et al.A modified sequential extraction method for the determination of phosphorus fraction in sediment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(9):90-97.
[6]Li H,Chien S H,Hsieh M K,et al.Escalating water demand for energy production and the potential for use of treated municipal wastewater[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(10):4195-4200.
[7]雷玉桃,黎锐锋.中国工业用水影响因素的长期动态作用机理[J].中国人口资源与环境,2015,25(2):1-8.Lei Y T,Li R F.Study on the dynamic long-term interactionmechanism of Chinese industry water consumption and influencing factors[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(2):1-8.
[8]Liu W S,Chien S H,Dzombak D A,et al.Mineral scaling mitigation in cooling systems using tertiary-treated municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2012,46(14):4488-4498.
[9]王绍华,赵庆良,任艳琴.再生水水质对冷却水系统结垢的影响[J].环境保护科学,2011,37(1):14-17.Wang S H,Zhao Q L,Ren Y Q,et al.Effect of reclaimed water quality on scale deposit in cooling water circulation system[J].Environmental Protection Science,2011,37(1):14-17.
[10]林杨杰,王宏,孟露,等.再生水用于循环冷却系统时不锈钢腐蚀的研究[J].工业水处理,2016,36(9):39-42.Lin Y J,Wang H,Meng L,et al.Research on stainless steel corrosion when reclaimed water is used in circulating cooling water systems[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2016,36(9):39-42.
[11]Zhang B R,Zhang L,Li F T,et al.Testing the formation of Caphosphonate precipitates and evaluating the anionic polymers as Ca-phosphonate precipitates and CaCO3scale inhibitor in simulated cooling water[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(12):3883-3890.
[12]陈海龙,袁旭音,王欢,等.苕溪干流悬浮物和沉积物的磷形态分布及成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):464-470.Chen H L,Yuan X Y,Wang H,et al.Distributions of phosphorus fractions in suspended sediments and surface sediments of Tiaoxi Mainstr[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(2):464-470.
[13]Choudhury M R,Hsieh M K,Vidic R D,et al.Corrosion management in power plant cooling systems using tertiary-treated municipal wastewater as makeup water[J].Corrosion Science,2012,61(4):231-241.
[14]Li H,Hsieh M K,Chien S H,et al.Control of mineral scale deposition in cooling systems using secondary-treated municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2011,45(2):748.
[15]黄刚华,王月,张强,等.中水回用对循环冷却水系统影响研究进展[J].水处理技术,2016,(2):15-18.Huang G H,Wang Y,Zhang Q,et al.Research progress on the effect of reclaimed water reuse on circulating cooling water system[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2016,(2):15-18.
[16]Wang C,Li S P,Li T D.Calcium carbonate inhibition by a phosphonate-terminated poly(maleic-co-sulfonate)polymeric inhibitor[J].Desalination,2009,249(1):1-4.
[17]刘天庆,李香琴,王鸿灵,等.水系统中微生物与碳酸钙混合垢形成过程的研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2002,16(3):263-269.Liu T Q,Li X Q,Wang H L,et al.Study on the formation process of microbial and calcium carbonate mixed scale in water system[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2002,16(3):263-269.
[18]Hsieh M K,Li H,Chien S H,et al.Corrosion control when using secondary treated municipal wastewater as alternative makeup water for cooling tower systems[J].Water Environment Research AResearch Publication of the Water Environment Federation,2010,82(12):2346-2356.
[19]Touir R,Dkhireche N,Touhami M E,et al.Study of phosphonate addition and hydrodynamic conditions on ordinary steel corrosion inhibition in simulated cooling water[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2010,122(1):1-9.
[20]Nowack B.Environmental chemistry of phosphonates[J].Water Research,2003,37(11):2533-2546.
[21]金晓丹,吴昊,王启明,等.钙离子和pH对长江河口青草沙水库水体磷浓度的影响[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(5):462-468.Jin X D,Wu H,Wang Q M,et al.Impact of calcium and pH on content of phosphorus in water of Qingcaosha reservoir of Yangtze estuary[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2016,6(5):462-468.
[22]Rafieerad A R,Ashra M R,Mahmoodian R,et al.Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of calcium phosphatebase composite layer on titanium and its alloys via plasma electrolytic oxidation:a review paper[J].Materials Science and Engineering C,2015,57:397-413.
[23]Ruban V,Brigault S,Demare E D,et al.An investigation of the origin and mobility of phosphorus in freshwater sediments from Bort-Les-Orgues Reservoir,France[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(4):403-407.
[24]Hiehjes A H,Lijklema L.Fractionation of inorganic phosphorus in calcareors sediments[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1980,8:130-132.
[25]Ruttenberg K C.Development of a sequential extraction method for different forms of phosphorus in marine sediments[J].Limnology Oceanography,1992,37:1460-1482.
[26]Golterman H L.Fractionation of sediment phosphate with chelating compounds:a simplification,and comparison with other methods[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,335(1):87-95.
[27]刘冠男,董黎明,王小辉.湖泊沉积物中三种磷提取方法比较[J].岩矿测试,2011,30(3):276-280.Liu G N,Dong L M,Wang X H.Comparison of three extraction methods of phosphorus in lacustrine sediments[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2011,30(3):276-280.
[28]许春雪,袁建,王亚平,等.沉积物中磷的赋存形态及磷形态顺序提取分析方法[J].岩矿测试,2011,30(6):785-794.Xu C X,Yuan J,Wang Y P,et al.Speciation and release mechanism of phosphorus in sediments and analysis methods for sequential extraction[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2011,30(6):785-794.
[29]沈雪莲,周振,任伟超,等.城镇污水处理厂污泥中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1200-1204.Shen X L,Zhou Z,Ren W C,et al.Fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(3):1200-1204.
[30]宋明阳,李敏,袁溪,等.污水处理厂污泥磷形态及低温热解-碱解联合处理的释磷效果研究[J].环境工程,2018,(1):112-117.Song M Y,Li M,Yuan X,et al.Phosphorus decomposition in sewage treatment plant sewage and hot alkali pretreatment for phosphorus release efficiency[J].Environmental Engineering,2018,(1):112-117.
[31]郭晨辉,李和祥,方芳,等.黄河甘宁蒙段表层沉积物中总磷3种提取方法的比较[J].中国环境监测,2017,(6):95-99.Guo C H,Li H X,Fang F,et al.Comparison of three extraction methods of total phosphorus in surface sediments from Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,(6):95-99.
[32]Zhao G Q,Sheng Y Q,Jiang M,et al.The biogeochemical characteristics of phosphorus in coastal sediments under high salinity and dredging conditions[J].Chemosphere,2019,215(1):681-692.
[33]Waterlot C.Alternative approach to the standard,measurements and testing programme used to establish phosphorus fractionation in soils[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2018,1003:26-33.
[34]王书航,张博,姜霞,等.采用连续分级提取法研究沉积物中磷的化学形态[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(9):1382-1388.Wang S H,Zhang B,Jiang X,et al.Analysis of phosphorus fractions in sediments by sequential extraction[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(9):1382-1388.
[35]李悦,乌大年,薛永先.沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(1):15-20.Li Y,Wu D N,Xue Y X.Improvement of extraction methods of different forms of phosphorus in sediments and their environmental geochemical significance[J].Marine Environmental Science,1998,17(1):15-20.
[36]Aydin I,Imamoglu S,Aydin F,et al.Determination of mineral phosphate species in sedimentary phosphate rock in Mardin,SEAnatolia,Turkey by sequential extraction[J].Microchem.J.,2009,91:63-69.