城市绿化景观土壤呼吸变化规律及影响因素
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摘要
采用便携式土壤碳通量自动分析仪ACE对天津国槐梨树(GL)和银杏紫叶李(YZ)2种城市绿化景观土壤呼吸速率(Rs)及其影响因子进行测定,分析了土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤湿度和土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明:(1)2种绿化景观Rs季节变化规律基本一致,均呈现较明显的单峰变化趋势且峰值同时出现。同时,不同月份Rs变化规律之间存在一定差异。在干季,2种绿化景观Rs较低且月变幅较小,GL和YZ的Rs变化范围分别为(0. 20±0. 03)～(1. 09±0. 16)和(-0. 06±0. 01)～(0. 26±0. 05)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);在湿季,2种绿化景观Rs较高且变幅较大,GL和YZ的Rs变化范围分别为(-0. 05±0. 01)～(3. 62±0. 26)和(0. 38±0. 07)～(3. 17±0. 27)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。GL的Rs大于YZ。(2)2种绿化景观土壤10 cm处温度(T10)和5 cm处湿度(M5)对土壤呼吸过程均有重要影响,回归分析表明T10和M5对Rs变化规律的影响程度分别达45. 4%～64. 8%和21. 1%～52. 2%;(3)土壤理化性质与Rs具有一定的相关性,其中,土壤有机质含量与Rs的相关性达显著水平(P<0. 05或P<0. 01)。
The soil respiration rate(Rs)and its influential factors of two green landscapes(GL and YZ)were measured using a portable automated CO2 exchange station(ACE)during the whole growing season in Tianjin. The relationships between soil respiration and its influential factors of soil temperature,soil moisture and soil physicochemical properties have been analyzed. Results show that:(1)There was basically no difference in the seasonal variation of Rsbetween the two different types of green landscapes,both of them showed an obvious singlepeak variation and the peak appeared at the same time. Simultaneously,the variation of Rswas different in different months. In dry season,the Rswas low with few fluctuations,which ranged from(0. 20±0. 03)to(1. 09±0. 16)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for GL,and from(-0. 06±0. 01)to(0. 26±0. 05)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for YZ. Conversely,a relatively higher Rswith more fluctuations was noted in the wet season,it seemed to be varied from(-0. 05±0. 01)to(3. 62±0. 26)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for GL,and from(0. 38±0. 07)to(3. 17±0. 27)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for YZ. In summary,the mean value of Rsin GL was significantly higher than that in YZ;(2)The environmental factors that influence Rsare very complicated in the two green landscapes. The two relatively important factors are soil temperature at 10 cm depth(T10)and soil moisture at 5 cm depth(M5). In addition,the regression analysis show that the effective degree of T10 and M5 for Rswere 45. 4%-64. 8% and 21. 1%-52. 2%,respectively;(3)There was a certain correlation between soil physicochemical properties and Rs,in which the correlation coefficient between soil organic matter and Rswas highest in all the two green landscapes.
The soil respiration rate(Rs)and its influential factors of two green landscapes(GL and YZ)were measured using a portable automated CO2 exchange station(ACE)during the whole growing season in Tianjin. The relationships between soil respiration and its influential factors of soil temperature,soil moisture and soil physicochemical properties have been analyzed. Results show that:(1)There was basically no difference in the seasonal variation of Rsbetween the two different types of green landscapes,both of them showed an obvious singlepeak variation and the peak appeared at the same time. Simultaneously,the variation of Rswas different in different months. In dry season,the Rswas low with few fluctuations,which ranged from(0. 20±0. 03)to(1. 09±0. 16)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for GL,and from(-0. 06±0. 01)to(0. 26±0. 05)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for YZ. Conversely,a relatively higher Rswith more fluctuations was noted in the wet season,it seemed to be varied from(-0. 05±0. 01)to(3. 62±0. 26)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for GL,and from(0. 38±0. 07)to(3. 17±0. 27)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for YZ. In summary,the mean value of Rsin GL was significantly higher than that in YZ;(2)The environmental factors that influence Rsare very complicated in the two green landscapes. The two relatively important factors are soil temperature at 10 cm depth(T10)and soil moisture at 5 cm depth(M5). In addition,the regression analysis show that the effective degree of T10 and M5 for Rswere 45. 4%-64. 8% and 21. 1%-52. 2%,respectively;(3)There was a certain correlation between soil physicochemical properties and Rs,in which the correlation coefficient between soil organic matter and Rswas highest in all the two green landscapes.
引文
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[14] KIM Y W,PARK S J,LEE B Y,et al. Continuous Measurement of Soil Carbon Efflux With Forced Diffusion(FD)Chambers in a Tundra Ecosystem of Alaska[J]. Science of the Total Environ-ment,2016,566/567:175-184.
[15] JIA B R,ZHOU G,WANG Y L,et al. Effects of Temperature and Soil Water-Content on Soil Respiration of Grazed and Ungrazed Leymus chinensis Steppes,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Arid En-vironments,2006,67(1):60-76.
[16] REICHSTEIN M,REY A,FREIBAUER A,et al. Modeling Tem-poral and Large-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Respiration From Soil Water Availability,Temperature and Vegetation Productivity Indices[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(4):1104.DOI:10. 1029/2003GB002035.
[17]郭其强,马和平,钱登峰,等.藏东南原始暗针叶林生长季的土壤呼吸特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):82-88.[GUO Qi-qiang,MA He-ping,QIAN Deng-feng,et al. Soil Respiration Characteristics of Primitive Dark Coniferous Forests During Growing Season in Southeast Ti-bet[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(5):82-88.]
[18]李伟,刘小飞,陈光水,等.凋落物对中亚热带米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸的影响[J].林业科学,2016,52(11):11-18.[LI Wei,LIU Xiao-fei,CHEN Guang-shui,et al. Effects of Litter Manipulation on Soil Respiration in the Natural Forests and Plan-tations of Castahopsis carlesii in Mid-Subtropical China[J]. Sci-entia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(11):11-18.]
[19]徐文娴,卓志清,赵从举,等.海口城市草坪绿地土壤CO2通量时间变化及其环境解释:以海南师范大学南校区为例[J].草业科学,2017,34(1):51-58.[XU Wen-xian,ZHUO Zhi-qing,ZHAO Cong-ju,et al. Analysis on the Temporal Variation of Soil CO2Flux and Its Response to the Environmental Factors in Haik-ou Urban Lawn:A Case Study of the South Campus of Hainan Normal University[J]. Pratacultural Science,2017,34(1):51-58.]
[20]陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,等.青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):78-86.[CHEN Ji,CAO Jun-ji,WEI Yong-lin,et al. Effect of Grazing Exclusion on Soil Respiration During the Dormant Sea-son in Alpine Meadow Grassland Ecosystems on the Northern Shore of Qinghai Lake,China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):78-86.]
[21]王新源,李玉霖,赵学勇,等.干旱半干旱区不同环境因素对土壤呼吸影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4890-4901.[WANG Xin-yuan,LI Yu-lin,ZHAO Xue-yong,et al. Re-sponses of Soil Respiration to Different Environment Factors in Semi-Arid and Arid Areas[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(15):4890-4901.]
[22] JIA B R,ZHOU G S,WANG F Y,et al. Effects of Grazing on Soil Respiration of Leymus chinensis Steppe[J]. Climatic Change,2007,82(1/2):211-223.
[23]马涛,贾志清,于洋,等.土壤环境对陇东黄土高原刺槐林土壤碳通量的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):97-105.[MA Tao,JIA Zhi-qing,YU Yang,et al. Effects of Soil Envi-ronment on Soil Carbon Flux of Robinia pseudoacacia Forest at Different Stand Ages in Longdong Loess Plateau[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(6):97-105.]
[24] ZHANG L H,CHEN Y N,LI W H,et al. Abiotic Regulators of Soil Respiration in Desert Ecosystems[J]. Environmental Geolo-gy,2009,57(8):1855-1864.
[2] SCHLESINGER W H,ANDREWS J A. Soil Respiration and Global Carbon Cycle[J]. Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):7-20.
[3] BUCHMANN N. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Controlling Soil Res-piration Rates in Picea abies Stands[J]. Soil Biology and Bio-chemistry,2000,32(11/12):1625-1635.
[4] HAN G X,ZHOU G S,XU Z Z,et al. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Controlling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Respiration in an Agricultural Ecosystem[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(2):418-425.
[5]侯建峰,吕晓涛,王超,等.中国北方草地土壤呼吸的空间变异及成因[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2840-2846.[HOU Jian-feng,LüXiao-tao,WANG Chao,et al. Variation of Soil Respiration and Its Underlying Mechanism in Grasslands of Northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(10):2840-2846.]
[6]余再鹏,黄志群,王民煌,等.亚热带米老排和杉木人工林土壤呼吸季节动态及其影响因子[J].林业科学,2014(8):7-14.[YU Zai-peng,HUANG Zhi-qun,WANG Min-huang,et al. Sea-sonal Dynamics of Soil Respiration and Its Affecting Factors in Subtropical Mytilaria laoseusis and Cuuuiughamia lauceolata Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014(8):7-14.
[7] LIU Y,WAN K Y,TAO Y,et al. Carbon Dioxide Flux From Rice Paddy Soils in Central China:Effects of Intermittent Flooding and Draining Cycles[J]. PLoS ONE,2013,8(2):e56562. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0056562.
[8]吴亚华,肖荣波,王刚,等.城市绿地土壤呼吸速率的变化特征及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7462-7471.[WU Ya-hua,XIAO Rong-bo,WANG Gang,et al. Controlling Factors of Variation in Soil Respiration Rate in Urban Green-Space Ecosystems[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7462-7471.]
[9]陶晓,崔珺,徐俊,等.城市绿地土壤呼吸特点及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):54-59.[TAO Xiao,CUI Jun,XU Jun,et al. Characteristics of Soil Respiration and Its Controlling Fac-tors in Urban Green-Lands in Hefei,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(1):54-59.]
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005:6-345.
[11]于兆水,胡外英,张勤.多目标地球化学调查土壤样品中氮和碳的快速测定[J].岩矿测试,2007,26(3):235-237.[YU Zhao-shui,HU Wai-ying,ZHANG Qin. Rapid Determination of Nitrogen and Carbon in Soil Samples for the Multi-purpose Geo-chemical Survey[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2007,26(3):235-237.]
[12]张万儒,许本彤.森林土壤定位研究方法[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1986:30-37.
[13]徐杰,苏海蓉,余培培,等.盐城海滨湿地不同盐沼土壤呼吸特征及温度响应[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(8):715-721.[XU Jie,SU Hai-rong,YU Pei-pei,et al. Respirations and Response in Temperature of Salt Marsh Soil in Different Types of Wetlands Along the Coast of Yancheng[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(8):715-721.]
[14] KIM Y W,PARK S J,LEE B Y,et al. Continuous Measurement of Soil Carbon Efflux With Forced Diffusion(FD)Chambers in a Tundra Ecosystem of Alaska[J]. Science of the Total Environ-ment,2016,566/567:175-184.
[15] JIA B R,ZHOU G,WANG Y L,et al. Effects of Temperature and Soil Water-Content on Soil Respiration of Grazed and Ungrazed Leymus chinensis Steppes,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Arid En-vironments,2006,67(1):60-76.
[16] REICHSTEIN M,REY A,FREIBAUER A,et al. Modeling Tem-poral and Large-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Respiration From Soil Water Availability,Temperature and Vegetation Productivity Indices[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(4):1104.DOI:10. 1029/2003GB002035.
[17]郭其强,马和平,钱登峰,等.藏东南原始暗针叶林生长季的土壤呼吸特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):82-88.[GUO Qi-qiang,MA He-ping,QIAN Deng-feng,et al. Soil Respiration Characteristics of Primitive Dark Coniferous Forests During Growing Season in Southeast Ti-bet[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(5):82-88.]
[18]李伟,刘小飞,陈光水,等.凋落物对中亚热带米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸的影响[J].林业科学,2016,52(11):11-18.[LI Wei,LIU Xiao-fei,CHEN Guang-shui,et al. Effects of Litter Manipulation on Soil Respiration in the Natural Forests and Plan-tations of Castahopsis carlesii in Mid-Subtropical China[J]. Sci-entia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(11):11-18.]
[19]徐文娴,卓志清,赵从举,等.海口城市草坪绿地土壤CO2通量时间变化及其环境解释:以海南师范大学南校区为例[J].草业科学,2017,34(1):51-58.[XU Wen-xian,ZHUO Zhi-qing,ZHAO Cong-ju,et al. Analysis on the Temporal Variation of Soil CO2Flux and Its Response to the Environmental Factors in Haik-ou Urban Lawn:A Case Study of the South Campus of Hainan Normal University[J]. Pratacultural Science,2017,34(1):51-58.]
[20]陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,等.青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):78-86.[CHEN Ji,CAO Jun-ji,WEI Yong-lin,et al. Effect of Grazing Exclusion on Soil Respiration During the Dormant Sea-son in Alpine Meadow Grassland Ecosystems on the Northern Shore of Qinghai Lake,China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):78-86.]
[21]王新源,李玉霖,赵学勇,等.干旱半干旱区不同环境因素对土壤呼吸影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4890-4901.[WANG Xin-yuan,LI Yu-lin,ZHAO Xue-yong,et al. Re-sponses of Soil Respiration to Different Environment Factors in Semi-Arid and Arid Areas[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(15):4890-4901.]
[22] JIA B R,ZHOU G S,WANG F Y,et al. Effects of Grazing on Soil Respiration of Leymus chinensis Steppe[J]. Climatic Change,2007,82(1/2):211-223.
[23]马涛,贾志清,于洋,等.土壤环境对陇东黄土高原刺槐林土壤碳通量的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):97-105.[MA Tao,JIA Zhi-qing,YU Yang,et al. Effects of Soil Envi-ronment on Soil Carbon Flux of Robinia pseudoacacia Forest at Different Stand Ages in Longdong Loess Plateau[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(6):97-105.]
[24] ZHANG L H,CHEN Y N,LI W H,et al. Abiotic Regulators of Soil Respiration in Desert Ecosystems[J]. Environmental Geolo-gy,2009,57(8):1855-1864.