温度和初始密度比对2种微藻生长竞争的影响研究
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摘要
为了探究不同温度和初始密度比对舟形藻和铜绿微囊藻生长竞争的影响,该研究设计不同温度梯度(10、15、20、25、30和35℃)和舟形藻与铜绿微囊藻不同初始密度比(1∶10、1∶1、10∶1),研究不同条件对2种微藻生长竞争的影响。结果表明:(1)单种培养条件下,随温度升高,舟形藻细胞密度呈现先增后减趋势,最适生长温度为20～25℃,最大藻细胞密度为3.883×10~5个/mL;铜绿微囊藻细胞密度随温度升高而增大,35℃达到最大值(4.813×10~6个/mL)。(2)混合培养条件下,温度和初始密度比对两者生长均产生影响,舟形藻对铜绿微囊藻的竞争能力随舟形藻初始密度增大而增强,温度25℃、初始密度比10∶1处理条件下,舟形藻对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制作用最为明显。(3)根据Lotka-Volterra竞争模型推断,高温(30～35℃)条件下,铜绿微囊藻占有优势;低温(10～20℃)条件、初始密度比为1∶10的舟形藻与铜绿微囊藻稳定共存;初始密度比为1∶1和10∶1时舟形藻占有优势,且在舟形藻最适生长条件(25℃)下两者不稳定共存。
In this study we investigated the effects of different temperatures and initial density ratios of Navicula pelliculosa and Microcystis aeruginosa on their growth competition. Different temperature gradients(10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ℃) and different initial density ratios(1∶10, 1∶1, and 10∶1) were used. The results showed that:(1) in the xenic-culture systems, N.pelliculosa and M.aeruginosa reached the maximum growth rates at 20-25 ℃ and 35 ℃, respectively, with their maximum biomass being 3.883×10~5 and 4.813×10~6 cells/mL respectively.(2) In the co-culture systems, temperature and the initial density ratios both significantly influenced the competition between N.pelliculosa and M.aeruginosa. Higher initial density of N.pelliculosa resulted in greater advantage on their competitive capacity, and the growth inhibition effect of N.pelliculosa on M.aeruginosa was most obvious with the initial density ratio of 10∶1 when at 25 ℃.(3) According to the Lotka-Volterra model, it can be inferred that M.aeruginosa preponderated at high temperature(30-35 ℃). At low temperature(10-20 ℃), M.aeruginosa and N.pelliculosa coexist stably when their initial density ratio was 1∶10. N.pelliculosa dominated when the initial density ratio of N.pelliculosa to M.aeruginosa was 1∶1 or 10∶1.When N.pelliculosa was reached the temperature of 25 ℃ and the initial density ratio was 10∶1, M.aeruginosa and N.pelliculosa were unstably coexist in the co-culture system.
In this study we investigated the effects of different temperatures and initial density ratios of Navicula pelliculosa and Microcystis aeruginosa on their growth competition. Different temperature gradients(10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ℃) and different initial density ratios(1∶10, 1∶1, and 10∶1) were used. The results showed that:(1) in the xenic-culture systems, N.pelliculosa and M.aeruginosa reached the maximum growth rates at 20-25 ℃ and 35 ℃, respectively, with their maximum biomass being 3.883×10~5 and 4.813×10~6 cells/mL respectively.(2) In the co-culture systems, temperature and the initial density ratios both significantly influenced the competition between N.pelliculosa and M.aeruginosa. Higher initial density of N.pelliculosa resulted in greater advantage on their competitive capacity, and the growth inhibition effect of N.pelliculosa on M.aeruginosa was most obvious with the initial density ratio of 10∶1 when at 25 ℃.(3) According to the Lotka-Volterra model, it can be inferred that M.aeruginosa preponderated at high temperature(30-35 ℃). At low temperature(10-20 ℃), M.aeruginosa and N.pelliculosa coexist stably when their initial density ratio was 1∶10. N.pelliculosa dominated when the initial density ratio of N.pelliculosa to M.aeruginosa was 1∶1 or 10∶1.When N.pelliculosa was reached the temperature of 25 ℃ and the initial density ratio was 10∶1, M.aeruginosa and N.pelliculosa were unstably coexist in the co-culture system.
引文
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[2] 谢钦铭,李长春,彭赐莲.鄱阳湖浮游藻类群落生态的初步研究[J].江西科学,2000,(3):162-166.XIE Q M,LI C C,PENG C L.Preliminary study on the ecology of phytoplankton community in Poyang Lake[J].Jiangxi Science,2000,(3):162-166.
[3] 王丑明,郭晶,张屹,等.1988-2017年洞庭湖浮游植物的群落演变[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(6):19-25.WANG C M,GUO J,ZHANG Q,et al.Community evolution of phytoplankton in Dongting Lake from 1988 to 2017[J].China Environmental Monitoring,2018,34(6):19-25.
[4] 马欠,邓春暖,郭锋锋.温度对小球藻和铜绿微囊藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中州大学学报,2018,35(4):108-112.MA Q,DENG C N,GUO F F.Effects of temperature on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Journal of Zhongzhou University,2018,35(4):108-112.
[5] PAERL H W,PAUL V J.Climate change:Links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacteria[J].Water Research,2012,46(5):1 349-1 363.
[6] QIN B Q,ZHU G W,GAO G,et al.A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu,China:linkage to climatic variability and lake management [J].Environmental Management,2010,45(1):105-112.
[7] STOIBER T L,SHAFER M M,ARMSTRONG D E.Relationships between surface-bound and internalized copper and cadmium and toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2012,31(2):324-335.
[8] GRANELI E,WEBERG M,SALOMON P S.Harmful algal blooms of allelopathic microalgal species:the role of eutrophication[J].Harmful of Algae,2008,8(1):94-102.
[9] 陈家长,孟顺龙,胡庚东,等.温度对两种蓝藻种间竞争的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):454-459.CHEN J Z,MENG S L,HU G D,et al.Effect of temperature on competition between two species of cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Ecology,2010,29(3):454-459.
[10] 张晶晶,周进,张怀瑾,等.不同营养条件下铜绿微囊藻,(Microcystis aeruginosa)和小球藻,(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长竞争行为[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(5):1 013-1 023.ZHANG J J,ZHOU J,ZHANG H J,et al.Growth competition behavior of Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris under different nutrient conditions[J].Ocean and Lake,2016,47(5):1 013-1 023.
[11] QIU X C,YAMASAKI Y,SHIMASKI Y,et al.Growth interactions between the raphidophyte Chattonella antiqua and the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea[J].Harmful of Algae,2011,11:81-87.
[12] 徐成龙,张饮江,卢家磊,等.绞股蓝提取液对蛋白核小球藻的化感效应及影响机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2019,39(5):824-830.XU C L,ZHANG Y J,LU J L,et al.Allelopathic effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract on chlorella proteinucleus and its mechanism[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2019,39(5):824-830.
[13] NECCHI O.Photosynthetic responses to temperature in tropical lotic macroalgae[J].Phycological Research,2004,52(2):140-148.
[14] VAVILIN D V,DUCRUET J M,MATORIN D N,et al.Membrane lipid peroxidation,cell viability and Photosystem II activity in the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa subjected to various stress conditions[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology Biology,1998,42(3):233-239.
[15] 郑维发,王雪梅,王义琴,等.四种营养盐对舟形藻(Navicula)BT001生长速率的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,(2):157-162.ZHENG W F,WANG X M,WANG Y Q,et al.Effects of four nutrients on the growth rate of Navicula BT001[J].Ocean and Lake,2007,(2):157-162.
[16] 刘超,支崇远,李培林,等.舟形藻生长运动过程对重金属Cu2+急性毒性胁迫响应研究[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):373-375.LIU C,ZHI C Y,LI P L,et al.Response of the growth process of Navicula aquarius to acute toxicity of heavy metal Cu2+[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2016,44(3):373-375.
[17] WU X Y,LI H,WEI P.Optimization of the conditions for using sewage to cultivate Navicula tenera [J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2009,10(1):68-73.
[18] 张艳,马放,李圭白.不同生长条件对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响[J].净水技术,2014,33(3):84-86+99.ZHANG Y,MA F,LI G B.Effects of different growth conditions on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Water Purification Technology,2014,33(3):84-86+99.
[19] 张思家,张君枝,马文林.微生物修复剂投加量对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(S1):162-165+220.ZHANG S J,ZHANG J Z,MA W L.Effects of microbial remediation dosage on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(S1):162-165+220.
[20] 柴天,严辉智,刘建福,等.N-苯基-2-萘胺对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(S1):204-206.CHAI T,YAN H Z,LIU J F,et al.Allelopathic effect of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine on Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Rural Economy and Technology,2017,28(S1):204-206.
[21] 谭凯婷,王志红,黄梓淇,等.对叔丁基邻苯二酚对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用[J].环境化学,2018,37(12):2 645-2 650.TAN K T,WANG Z H,HUANG Z Q,et al.Allelopathic inhibition of p-tert-butyl catechol on Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(12):2 645-2 650.
[22] 晁建颖,颜润润,张毅敏.不同温度下铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的最佳生长率及竞争作用[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(2):53-57.CHAO J Y,YAN R R,ZHANG Y M.Optimal growth rate and competition of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus at different temperatures[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2011,27(2):53-57.
[23] JACOBY J M,COLLIER D C,WELCH E B,et al.Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,2000,57(1):231-240.
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