环境规制、政府行为与产业结构升级
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摘要
传统的政府权衡思路发生转变,环境保护的重要性并不必然劣于对经济增长的追求,聚焦环境规制与产业结构升级的关系,有助于监管当局把握环境政策的经济端反馈效果。采用2004—2015年中国省际面板数据,考虑经济区域异质性和政府行为,细致分析环境规制对产业结构升级的影响,并进一步探讨具体的作用机制。研究发现:环境规制对产业结构升级的影响具有区域特征,东部地区形成了正向促进作用,中部地区为反向抑制作用,西部地区没有影响;地方政府官员晋升压力越大、财政收支压力越小、相对财力越大,环境规制倒逼产业结构升级的效力越大;传导机制方面,佐证了研发创新和对外开放对环境规制优化产业结构的正向传导效应,而FDI流入和投资需求反而具有逆向功效。因此,必须注重政府行为的协调效应,有效把握区域特征,提倡创新和深化改革开放,构建合理的环境规制政策,以实现产业结构优化升级。
Nowadays, traditional government trade-offs have been transferred. The importance of environmental protection is not necessarily inferior to the pursuit of economic growth. Focusing on the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading would help supervisory authorities grasp the economic-side feedback effect of environmental policies. Therefore,this paper used China's provincial panel data from 2004 to 2015, analyzed the impact of environmental regulation on industrial structure upgrading with the consideration of regional economic heterogeneity and government behavior, and further discussed the specific mechanism of action. This paper finds that the impact of environmental regulation on the upgrading of industrial structure has regional characteristics, the eastern region has formed a positive promotion effect, the central region has a reverse inhibition effect, and the western region has no impact. The higher pressure of government officials' assessment is, the smaller pressure on fiscal revenue and expenditure and the better relative financial resources can drive the upgrading of industrial structure. In terms of the transmission mechanism, it demonstrates R&D innovation and opening up have a positive conduction effect on "environmental regulation-industrial structure upgrading", while FDI inflow and investment demand have reverse conduction effects. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the coordination effect of government actions, effectively grasp the functional mechanism of environmental regulation, advocate innovation, deepen reform and opening up, and construct a reasonable environmental regulation policy to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure.
Nowadays, traditional government trade-offs have been transferred. The importance of environmental protection is not necessarily inferior to the pursuit of economic growth. Focusing on the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading would help supervisory authorities grasp the economic-side feedback effect of environmental policies. Therefore,this paper used China's provincial panel data from 2004 to 2015, analyzed the impact of environmental regulation on industrial structure upgrading with the consideration of regional economic heterogeneity and government behavior, and further discussed the specific mechanism of action. This paper finds that the impact of environmental regulation on the upgrading of industrial structure has regional characteristics, the eastern region has formed a positive promotion effect, the central region has a reverse inhibition effect, and the western region has no impact. The higher pressure of government officials' assessment is, the smaller pressure on fiscal revenue and expenditure and the better relative financial resources can drive the upgrading of industrial structure. In terms of the transmission mechanism, it demonstrates R&D innovation and opening up have a positive conduction effect on "environmental regulation-industrial structure upgrading", while FDI inflow and investment demand have reverse conduction effects. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the coordination effect of government actions, effectively grasp the functional mechanism of environmental regulation, advocate innovation, deepen reform and opening up, and construct a reasonable environmental regulation policy to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure.
引文
[1]PORTER M E,LINDE C V.Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118.
[2]李强,聂锐.环境规制与区域技术创新---基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2009(4):18-23.
[3]王询,张为杰.环境规制、产业结构与中国工业污染的区域差异---基于东、中、西部Panel Data的经验研究[J].财经问题研究,2011(11):23-30.
[4]LANOIE P,LAURENT-LUCCHETTI L J,JOHNSTONE N,et al.Environmental policy,innovation and performance:new insights on the porter hypothesis[J].Journal of Economics&Management Strategy,2011,20(3):803-842.
[5]原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究---基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
[6]郑金铃.分权视角下的环境规制竞争与产业结构调整[J].当代经济科学,2016,38(1):77-85.
[7]FREDRIKSSON P G,MILLIMET D L.Strategic interaction and the determination of environmental policy across U.S.states[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2002,51(1):101-122.
[8]杨海生,周永章,林剑箐.中国城市大气环境库兹涅茨曲线---来自动态面板数据的证据[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(7):613-617.
[9]杨俊,邵汉华,胡军.中国环境效率评价及其影响因素实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(2):49-55.
[10]BARRETT S.Strategic environmental policy and intrenational trade[J].Journal of Public Economics,1994,54(3):435-445.
[11]彭文斌,李昊匡.政府行为偏好与环境规制效果---基于利益激励的治理逻辑[J].社会科学,2016(5):33-41.
[12]张为杰,郑尚植.公共选择视角下中国地方政府竞争与环境规制政策执行机制[J].当代经济管理,2015,37(6):41-47.
[13]徐敏,姜勇.中国产业结构升级能缩小消费差距吗?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(3):3-21.
[14]汪伟,刘玉飞,彭冬冬.人口老龄化的产业结构升级效应研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(11):47-61.
[15]吴非,杜金岷,李华民.财政科技投入、地方政府行为与区域创新异质性[J].财政研究,2017(11):60-74.
[16]宫汝凯.财政不平衡和房价上涨:中国的证据[J].金融研究,2015(4):66-81.
[17]JIN J,ZOU H F.How does fiscal decentralization affect aggregate,national,and subnational government size?[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2004,52(2):270-293.
[18]LIN J Y,LIU Z.Fiscal decentralization and economic growth in China[J].Economic Development&Cultural Change,2000,49(1):1-21.
[19]李强.环境规制与产业结构调整---基于Baumol模型的理论分析与实证研究[J].经济评论,2013(5):100-107.
[20]原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究---基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
[21]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[22]ESKELAND G S,HARRISON A E.Moving to greener pastures?multinationals and the pollution haven hypothesis[J].Journal of Development Economics,2003,70(1):1-23.
[23]DEAN J M,LOVELY M E,WANG H.Are foreign investors attracted to weak environmental regulations?evaluating the evidence from China[J].Journal of Development Economics,2009,90(1):0-13.
[24]YANG C H,TSENG Y H,CHEN C P.Environmental regulations,induced R&D,and productivity:evidence from Taiwan’s manufacturing industries[J].Resource&Energy Economics,2012,34(4):514-532.
[25]CHAKRABORTY C.Does environmental regulation indirectly induce upstream innovation?new evidence from India[J].Research Policy,2017,46(5):939-955.
[26]张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究,2011(2):113-124.
[27]郑加梅.环境规制产业结构调整效应与作用机制分析[J].财贸经济,2018(3):21-29.
(1)由于中国要素禀赋差异极大,如果绩效考核时将特定区域GDP增长率同中国全域水平作对比,则得出的压力指数可能存在一定偏误。即简单将所有地区放置在同一起跑线上,只能是形式公平而非实质公平。因此,本文对相关省份按照东、中、西部板块进行分离,既考虑到了地区差异,又注重临近比照,是较为合理的选择。
(1)由于篇幅所限,本文并未列出稳健性检验详细结果,如需要可向笔者索取。
[2]李强,聂锐.环境规制与区域技术创新---基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2009(4):18-23.
[3]王询,张为杰.环境规制、产业结构与中国工业污染的区域差异---基于东、中、西部Panel Data的经验研究[J].财经问题研究,2011(11):23-30.
[4]LANOIE P,LAURENT-LUCCHETTI L J,JOHNSTONE N,et al.Environmental policy,innovation and performance:new insights on the porter hypothesis[J].Journal of Economics&Management Strategy,2011,20(3):803-842.
[5]原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究---基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
[6]郑金铃.分权视角下的环境规制竞争与产业结构调整[J].当代经济科学,2016,38(1):77-85.
[7]FREDRIKSSON P G,MILLIMET D L.Strategic interaction and the determination of environmental policy across U.S.states[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2002,51(1):101-122.
[8]杨海生,周永章,林剑箐.中国城市大气环境库兹涅茨曲线---来自动态面板数据的证据[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(7):613-617.
[9]杨俊,邵汉华,胡军.中国环境效率评价及其影响因素实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(2):49-55.
[10]BARRETT S.Strategic environmental policy and intrenational trade[J].Journal of Public Economics,1994,54(3):435-445.
[11]彭文斌,李昊匡.政府行为偏好与环境规制效果---基于利益激励的治理逻辑[J].社会科学,2016(5):33-41.
[12]张为杰,郑尚植.公共选择视角下中国地方政府竞争与环境规制政策执行机制[J].当代经济管理,2015,37(6):41-47.
[13]徐敏,姜勇.中国产业结构升级能缩小消费差距吗?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(3):3-21.
[14]汪伟,刘玉飞,彭冬冬.人口老龄化的产业结构升级效应研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(11):47-61.
[15]吴非,杜金岷,李华民.财政科技投入、地方政府行为与区域创新异质性[J].财政研究,2017(11):60-74.
[16]宫汝凯.财政不平衡和房价上涨:中国的证据[J].金融研究,2015(4):66-81.
[17]JIN J,ZOU H F.How does fiscal decentralization affect aggregate,national,and subnational government size?[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2004,52(2):270-293.
[18]LIN J Y,LIU Z.Fiscal decentralization and economic growth in China[J].Economic Development&Cultural Change,2000,49(1):1-21.
[19]李强.环境规制与产业结构调整---基于Baumol模型的理论分析与实证研究[J].经济评论,2013(5):100-107.
[20]原毅军,谢荣辉.环境规制的产业结构调整效应研究---基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验[J].中国工业经济,2014(8):57-69.
[21]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[22]ESKELAND G S,HARRISON A E.Moving to greener pastures?multinationals and the pollution haven hypothesis[J].Journal of Development Economics,2003,70(1):1-23.
[23]DEAN J M,LOVELY M E,WANG H.Are foreign investors attracted to weak environmental regulations?evaluating the evidence from China[J].Journal of Development Economics,2009,90(1):0-13.
[24]YANG C H,TSENG Y H,CHEN C P.Environmental regulations,induced R&D,and productivity:evidence from Taiwan’s manufacturing industries[J].Resource&Energy Economics,2012,34(4):514-532.
[25]CHAKRABORTY C.Does environmental regulation indirectly induce upstream innovation?new evidence from India[J].Research Policy,2017,46(5):939-955.
[26]张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究,2011(2):113-124.
[27]郑加梅.环境规制产业结构调整效应与作用机制分析[J].财贸经济,2018(3):21-29.
(1)由于中国要素禀赋差异极大,如果绩效考核时将特定区域GDP增长率同中国全域水平作对比,则得出的压力指数可能存在一定偏误。即简单将所有地区放置在同一起跑线上,只能是形式公平而非实质公平。因此,本文对相关省份按照东、中、西部板块进行分离,既考虑到了地区差异,又注重临近比照,是较为合理的选择。
(1)由于篇幅所限,本文并未列出稳健性检验详细结果,如需要可向笔者索取。