基于EEI反演的流体检测技术在西湖凹陷平北区的应用
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摘要
西湖凹陷平北区储层物性、流体变化所指示的地震响应规律复杂,常规AVO技术难以识别。本文论述了扩展弹性波阻抗反演的基本原理,给出了利用扩展弹性波阻抗反演进行岩性或流体检测的具体流程,并指出其关键是最优流体角的求取,从而按角度把波阻抗和梯度阻抗进行结合来预测岩性和流体。扩展弹性阻抗反演充分利用了地质体的弹性信息和叠前道集振幅随偏移距变化的响应特征,是一种深化了截距、梯度属性分析的应用,对岩性和流体的预测能力较强。平北区实际应用表明,该方法可以突出流体异常,在剖面上进行的流体预测与井吻合较好,平面上的油气展布符合地质认识,D井的实钻结果验证了基于EEI反演的流体检测技术在平北区构造-岩性油气藏勘探开发研究中的适用性。
The seismic response of reservoir properties and fluid changes in the Pingbei area of the Xihu sag are complex, and it is difficult to identify by conventional AVO techniques. This paper introduces the basic principle of extended elastic wave impedance inversion, and proposes the specific process flow of lithology or fluid detection by using extended elastic wave impedance inversion. The key step is to obtain the optimal fluid angle, and then the lithology and fluid can be predicted by combining the wave impedance and gradient impedance based on the angle. The extended elastic impedance inversion makes full use of the elastic information of geological body and the response characteristics of the amplitude of pre-stack gathers along with the offset, which deepens the analysis of intercept and gradient properties and has strong predictive capacity for lithology and fluids. The practical application in Pingbei area shows that this method can highlight fluid anomalies, and the fluid prediction on the section is in good agreement with the well condition. The oil and gas distribution on the plane conforms to the geological understanding. The actual drilling results of Well D verify the applicability of EEI inversion-based fluid detection technology in the exploration and development of tectonic-lithologic reservoirs in Pingbei area.
The seismic response of reservoir properties and fluid changes in the Pingbei area of the Xihu sag are complex, and it is difficult to identify by conventional AVO techniques. This paper introduces the basic principle of extended elastic wave impedance inversion, and proposes the specific process flow of lithology or fluid detection by using extended elastic wave impedance inversion. The key step is to obtain the optimal fluid angle, and then the lithology and fluid can be predicted by combining the wave impedance and gradient impedance based on the angle. The extended elastic impedance inversion makes full use of the elastic information of geological body and the response characteristics of the amplitude of pre-stack gathers along with the offset, which deepens the analysis of intercept and gradient properties and has strong predictive capacity for lithology and fluids. The practical application in Pingbei area shows that this method can highlight fluid anomalies, and the fluid prediction on the section is in good agreement with the well condition. The oil and gas distribution on the plane conforms to the geological understanding. The actual drilling results of Well D verify the applicability of EEI inversion-based fluid detection technology in the exploration and development of tectonic-lithologic reservoirs in Pingbei area.
引文
[1] 撒利明,杨午阳,姚逢昌,等.地震反演技术回顾与展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):184-202.SA Liming,YANG Wuyang,YAO Fengchang,et al.Past,present,and future of geophysical inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):184-202.
[2] CONNOLLY P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
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[4] 理查德 A,约翰F.储层表征新进展[M].乔月,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:46-150.RICHARD A,JOHN F.New progress in reservoir characterization[M].QIAO Yue,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:46-150.
[5] 甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.GAN Lideng,ZHAO Bangliu,DU Wenhui.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):504-508.
[6] 马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.MA Jinfeng.Forward modeling and inversion method of generalized elastic impedance in seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):118-124.
[7] 倪逸.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):147-155.NI Yi.A new method for calculation of elastic wave impedance[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(2):147-155.
[8] WHITCOMBE D N.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[9] 曹孟起,王九栓,邵林海.叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):323-326.CAO Mengqi,WANG Jiushuan,SHAO Linhai.Prestack elastic wave impedance inversion technique and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):323-326.
[10] 彭真明,李亚林,梁波,等.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,38(4):43-45,52.PENG Zhenming,LI Yalin,LIANG Bo,et al.Application prestack elastic impedance inversion in gas and water recognition of the reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,38(4):43-45,52.
[11] 牛聪,刘春成,刘志斌,等.扩展弹性阻抗反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):67-71.NIU Cong,LIU Chuncheng,LIU Zhibin,et al.Applications of EEI inversion in reservoir prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):67-71.
[12] 肖为,史文英,方中于,等.EEI反演技术在南海A区开发气田中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2013,35(5):589-597.XIAO Wei,SHI Wenying,FANG Zhongyu,et al.Application of the EEI inversion technology in the gas field exploitation in the area-A of South China Sea[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,35(5):589-597.
[13] 孙月成,马光克,隋波,等.扩展的弹性阻抗及其在储层预测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(3):28-32.SUN Yuecheng,MA Guangke,SUI Bo,et al.An extended elastic impedance(EEI)method and its application to reservoir mapping[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(3):28-32.
[14] 唐湘蓉,贺振华,黄济德.扩展弹性阻抗理论入射角与实际入射角的等效关系研究[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):559-562.TANG Xiangrong,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Jide.Study of equivalent relation of extended elastic impedance theoretical angle and actual incident angle[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(6):559-562.
[15] AKI K,RICHARDS P G.Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freernan and Company,1980:86-88.
[2] CONNOLLY P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[3] WHITECOMBE D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[4] 理查德 A,约翰F.储层表征新进展[M].乔月,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:46-150.RICHARD A,JOHN F.New progress in reservoir characterization[M].QIAO Yue,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:46-150.
[5] 甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.GAN Lideng,ZHAO Bangliu,DU Wenhui.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):504-508.
[6] 马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.MA Jinfeng.Forward modeling and inversion method of generalized elastic impedance in seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):118-124.
[7] 倪逸.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):147-155.NI Yi.A new method for calculation of elastic wave impedance[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(2):147-155.
[8] WHITCOMBE D N.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[9] 曹孟起,王九栓,邵林海.叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):323-326.CAO Mengqi,WANG Jiushuan,SHAO Linhai.Prestack elastic wave impedance inversion technique and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):323-326.
[10] 彭真明,李亚林,梁波,等.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,38(4):43-45,52.PENG Zhenming,LI Yalin,LIANG Bo,et al.Application prestack elastic impedance inversion in gas and water recognition of the reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,38(4):43-45,52.
[11] 牛聪,刘春成,刘志斌,等.扩展弹性阻抗反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):67-71.NIU Cong,LIU Chuncheng,LIU Zhibin,et al.Applications of EEI inversion in reservoir prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):67-71.
[12] 肖为,史文英,方中于,等.EEI反演技术在南海A区开发气田中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2013,35(5):589-597.XIAO Wei,SHI Wenying,FANG Zhongyu,et al.Application of the EEI inversion technology in the gas field exploitation in the area-A of South China Sea[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,35(5):589-597.
[13] 孙月成,马光克,隋波,等.扩展的弹性阻抗及其在储层预测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(3):28-32.SUN Yuecheng,MA Guangke,SUI Bo,et al.An extended elastic impedance(EEI)method and its application to reservoir mapping[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(3):28-32.
[14] 唐湘蓉,贺振华,黄济德.扩展弹性阻抗理论入射角与实际入射角的等效关系研究[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):559-562.TANG Xiangrong,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Jide.Study of equivalent relation of extended elastic impedance theoretical angle and actual incident angle[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(6):559-562.
[15] AKI K,RICHARDS P G.Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freernan and Company,1980:86-88.
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