三峡库区青石-抱龙段顺层灰岩库岸坡变形破坏机理
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摘要
三峡库区基岩顺层滑坡大多以砂/泥岩或泥/泥灰岩互层滑坡为主,力学机制以顺层滑移剪切为主。新近发现的青石-抱龙段顺层灰岩库岸,岸坡岩性以灰岩、白云岩为主。在21个顺向斜坡中9个斜坡存在岩层弯曲现象,高程分布在145～175 m,且大量层面有擦痕,局部岩层强烈弯曲形成了类似逆断层的现象。这些变形破坏现象受控于重力作用下沿层面的滑移-弯曲力学机制。通过连续-非连续数值分析方法研究表明,在这一带岸坡中约200 m的主动平直滑移段下滑力驱动了约30 m的被动弯曲隆起段变形,被动弯曲隆起段位移地形变缓、岩层增厚。当前青石-抱龙一带顺层灰岩库岸岩层隆起和松动较小,处于滑移-弯曲变形的早期阶段,主要以累进性变形为主。建议对该段库岸进行专业监测,并开展进一步的调查研究工作。
Bedrock of most of the bedding landslide in the Three Gorges Area is interbedding sandstone and mudstone,or interbedding mudstone and marl. The mechanical mechanism of the landslide is mainly bedding shear slip. Geological survey from in Qingshi to Baolong reveals that the lithology of the bank slope is mainly limestone and dolomite. At the elevation between 145 ～ 175 m,9 slopes in the 21 consequent slopes have the phenomenon of strata bending,and a large number of scratches were found at the bending surface. The deformation and failure phenomena are similar to the reverse faults in local strong bending strata. These deformation and failure phenomena are controlled by the mechanism of sliding and bending under gravity. The study of continuous-discontinuous numerical analysis indicates that there is an active straight slip section of about 200 m in the bank slope in this range,and its sliding force causes the deformation of the passive flexural uplift section of about 30 m. The topography of the passive bending uplift section is gentle and the strata are thickened. At present,the bank is in the early stage of sliding-bending deformation,which is mainly progressive deformation. Therefore,it is suggested that professional monitoring and further investigation of the reservoir bank should be c carried out.
Bedrock of most of the bedding landslide in the Three Gorges Area is interbedding sandstone and mudstone,or interbedding mudstone and marl. The mechanical mechanism of the landslide is mainly bedding shear slip. Geological survey from in Qingshi to Baolong reveals that the lithology of the bank slope is mainly limestone and dolomite. At the elevation between 145 ～ 175 m,9 slopes in the 21 consequent slopes have the phenomenon of strata bending,and a large number of scratches were found at the bending surface. The deformation and failure phenomena are similar to the reverse faults in local strong bending strata. These deformation and failure phenomena are controlled by the mechanism of sliding and bending under gravity. The study of continuous-discontinuous numerical analysis indicates that there is an active straight slip section of about 200 m in the bank slope in this range,and its sliding force causes the deformation of the passive flexural uplift section of about 30 m. The topography of the passive bending uplift section is gentle and the strata are thickened. At present,the bank is in the early stage of sliding-bending deformation,which is mainly progressive deformation. Therefore,it is suggested that professional monitoring and further investigation of the reservoir bank should be c carried out.
引文
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[2] WOLTER A, STEAD D, CLAGUE JJ. An engineering geomorphological characterisation of the1963 Vajont Slide[J]. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment,2013,6:613-622.
[3] MASSIRONI M,ZAMPIERI D,SUPERCHI L,et al.Geological structures of the Vajont landslide[J].Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment,2013,6:573-582.
[4]李守定,李晓,董艳辉,等.重庆万州吉安滑坡特征与成因研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3159-3164.LI Shouding,LI Xiao,DONG Yanhui,et al. Study on Ji'an landslide characters and origin in Wanzhou,Chongqing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3159-3164.
[5] HUANG Bolin,LIU Guangning,WANG Shichang,et al. Failure mechanism on high steep bank in Three Gorges Reservoir[M]. Beijing:Science Press of China,2015.
[6] TANG H,YONG R,EZ ELDIN MAM. Stability analysis of stratified rock slopes with spatially variable strength parameters:the case of Qianjiangping landslide[J]. Bull Eng Geol Environ,2017,76:839-853.
[7] ZHANG Zhuoyuan, WANG Shitian, WANG Lansheng. Geo-engineering analysis theory[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1993.
[8]李守定,李晓,吴疆,等.大型基岩顺层滑坡滑带形成演化过程与模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2473-2480.LI Shouding,LI Xiao,WU Jiang,et al. Evolution process and pattern of sliding zone in large consequent bedding rock landslide[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2473-2480.
[9]成国文,李晓,许家美,等.重庆涪陵五中滑坡特征及成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):220-227.CHENG Guowen, LI Xiao, XU Jiamei, et al.Characteristics and causes of landslide at Fuling Fifth Middle School in Chongqing[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):220-227.
[10] WANG Fawu,ZHANG Yeming,HUO Zhitao,et al.The July 14,2003,Qianjiangping landslide,Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J]. Landslides,2004,1:157-162.
[11] XU Q,FAN X,HUANG R,et al. A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong,Chongqing,China in2009:background,characterization,and causes[J].Landslides,2010,7:75-87.
[12] YIN Y,SUN P,ZHANG M,et al. Mechanism on apparent dip sliding of oblique inclined bedding rockslide at Jiweishan, Chongqing, China[J].Landslides,2011,8:49.
[13] SUN Guangzhong. Rockmass structural mechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[14] HUTCHINSON JN. General report:morphological and geotechnical parameters of landslides in relation to geology and hydrogeology[R]. In:Proceedings of the5th International Symposium on Landslides,Lausanne,1988,1:3-35.
[15] MARQUES FMSF. Landslide activity in Upper Palaeozoic shale sea cliffs:a case study along the western coast of the Algarve(Portugal)[J]. Bull Eng Geol Environ,2003,62:299-214.
[16] CHANG KT,GE L,LIN HH. Slope creep behavior:observations and simulations[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2015,73:275-287.
[17] LO CM,WENG MC. Identification of deformation and failure characteristics in cataclinal slopes using physical modeling[J]. Landslides,2017,14:499-515.
[18] STEAD DOUG,EBERHARDT ERIK. Understanding the mechanics of large landslides[J]. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment,2013,6:85-108.
[19] Itasca Consulting Group Inc. UDEC User Manuals,Version 4. 0[Z]. Minneapolis,Minnesota,2005.
[20] ADMASSU Y, SHAKOOR A. Cut slope design recommendations for sub-horizontal hard sedimentary rock units in Ohio,USA[J]. Geotech Geo l Eng,2013,31(4):1207-1219.
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