不同氮浓度条件下红色赤潮藻脂肪酸含量及组成特征
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摘要
在不同氮浓度条件下对红色赤潮藻(Akashiwosanguinea)进行了一次性培养,研究了其生长过程中脂肪酸含量及组成变化。结果表明:红色赤潮藻脂肪酸含量及组成受初始氮浓度及生长阶段的影响。低氮处理组(0—25μmol/L)脂肪酸含量[(150.02±54.84)—(166.83±46.46)mg/gdw]显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),883μmol/L组最低,约为(86.70±5.66)mg/gdw;各培养组脂肪酸含量随着培养时间的延长而增加,稳定期时脂肪酸含量最高,指数生长前期含量最低。红色赤潮藻含28种脂肪酸,以C16:0、C18:1、C20:5ω3(EPA)和C22:6ω3(DHA)为主,且DHA相对含量较高,最高可占总脂肪酸含量的30.46%。随着初始氮浓度的增加,红色赤潮藻饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)在总脂肪酸中所占比例下降,而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)所占比例升高。在红色赤潮藻生长过程中,MUFA相对含量在稳定期时较高,而PUFA相对含量在指数生长前期较高。研究结果可为进一步揭示红色赤潮藻赤潮应对环境胁迫的生理响应机制提供依据。
Batch cultures of the planktonic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea were conducted in different nitrate concentrations. Variations of the fatty acid content and its composition at different growth stages of A. sanguinea were analyzed. The results indicate that the fatty acid content and composition varied with both N concentration and growth stage. In particular, the fatty acid contents in lower nitrogen concentrations [0—25μmol/L,(150.02±54.84)—(166.83±46.46)mg/g dw] were significantly higher than those in other N treatments(P<0.05). The lowest value(86.70±5.66)mg/g dw was found in the 883μmol/L treatment. The fatty acid content in each treatment increased with the growth of A. sanguinea, reaching the highest in the stationary growth phase and lowest in the early exponential growth phase. Twenty-eight 28 fatty acids were detected in A. sanguinea, including mainly C16:0, C18:1, C20:5ω3(EPA), and C22:6ω3(DHA). The DHA content was relatively higher, with the maximum of 30.46% of total fatty acids. With the increases of initial N addition, the proportions of saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)declined whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) increased. In addition, the proportion of MUFA was higher in the stationary phase, while PUFA was higher in the early exponential growth phase. The results help further understanding of the physiological strategy of A. sanguinea adoption to an environmental stress.
Batch cultures of the planktonic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea were conducted in different nitrate concentrations. Variations of the fatty acid content and its composition at different growth stages of A. sanguinea were analyzed. The results indicate that the fatty acid content and composition varied with both N concentration and growth stage. In particular, the fatty acid contents in lower nitrogen concentrations [0—25μmol/L,(150.02±54.84)—(166.83±46.46)mg/g dw] were significantly higher than those in other N treatments(P<0.05). The lowest value(86.70±5.66)mg/g dw was found in the 883μmol/L treatment. The fatty acid content in each treatment increased with the growth of A. sanguinea, reaching the highest in the stationary growth phase and lowest in the early exponential growth phase. Twenty-eight 28 fatty acids were detected in A. sanguinea, including mainly C16:0, C18:1, C20:5ω3(EPA), and C22:6ω3(DHA). The DHA content was relatively higher, with the maximum of 30.46% of total fatty acids. With the increases of initial N addition, the proportions of saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)declined whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) increased. In addition, the proportion of MUFA was higher in the stationary phase, while PUFA was higher in the early exponential growth phase. The results help further understanding of the physiological strategy of A. sanguinea adoption to an environmental stress.
引文
王金辉,秦玉涛,李志恩等,2005.南麂列岛自然保护区海域红色裸甲藻赤潮及其成因分析.海洋科学,29(2):32-36
李文权,廖启斌,李芊等,2002.三种海洋微藻生长期脂肪酸组成研究.海洋环境科学,21(2):10-13
吴玉霖,周成旭,张永山等,2001.烟台四十里湾海域红色裸甲藻赤潮发展过程及其成因.海洋与湖沼,32(2):159-167
张玉君,潘进芬,蒲新明,2011.海洋浮游植物的脂肪酸:组成、功能及其生态学意义.海洋通报,30(1):113-120
陈全震,何德华,2000.甲藻赤潮对养鲍业的危害及其防治探讨.水产学报,24(2):151-155
陈国斌,2012.厦门海域一次冬季血红哈卡藻赤潮的初步分析.福建水产,34(5):392-397
赵佩佩,顾文辉,伍松翠等,2015.氮限制有利于三角褐指藻脂质积累.科学通报,60(23):2196-2208
曹春晖,孙世春,麦康森等,2006.氮浓度对四株海洋绿藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响.海洋湖沼通报,(3):79-84
喻龙,郝彦菊,2009.烟台四十里湾一次血红哈卡藻赤潮过程的分析.海洋科学进展,27(4):516-522
廖启斌,李文权,陈清花等,2000.营养盐对三角褐指藻脂肪酸含量与百分组成的影响.海洋环境科学,19(2):6-9
廖灵旋,于昊,黄建忠,2014.多不饱和脂肪酸合成途径研究进展.微生物学杂志,34(3):80-85
魏东,张学成,邹立红等,2000.细胞生长时期对两种海洋微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响.青岛海洋大学学报,30(3):503-509
Binder B J,Anderson D M,1990.Biochemical composition and metabolic activity of Scrippsiella trochoidea(Dinophyceae)resting cysts.Journal of Phycology,26(2):289-298
Botes L,Smit A J,Cook P A,2003.The potential threat of algal blooms to the abalone(Haliotis midae)mariculture industry situated around the South African coast.Harmful Algae,2(4):247-259
Dempster T A,Sommerfeld M R,1998.Effects of environmental conditions on growth and lipid accumulation in Nitzschia communis(Bacillariophyceae).Journal of Phycology,34(4):712-721
Ellegaard M,Ribeiro S,2018.The long-term persistence of phytoplankton resting stages in aquatic‘seed banks’.Biological Reviews,93(1):166-183
Enright C T,Newkirk G F,Craigie J S et al,1986.Evaluation of phytoplankton as diets for juvenile Ostrea edulis L.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,96(1):1-13
Evjemo J O,Tokle N,Vadstein O et al,2008.Effect of essential dietary fatty acids on egg production and hatching success of the marine copepod Temora longicornis.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,365(1):31-37
Folch J,Lees M,Sloane Stanley G H,1957.A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.Journal of Biological Chemistry,226(1):497-509
Levine D M,Sulkin S D,1984.Nutritional significance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to the zoeal development of the brachyuran crab,Eurypanopeus depressus(Smith).Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,81(3):211-223
Li M,Gong R M,Rao X J et al,2005.Effects of nitrate concentration on growth and fatty acid composition of the marine microalga Pavlova viridis(Prymnesiophyceae).Annals of Microbiology,55(1):51-55
Liu Y,Chen T T,Song S Q et al,2015.Effects of nitrogenous nutrition on growth and nitrogen assimilation enzymes of dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea.Harmful Algae,50:99-106
Mansour M P,Volkman J K,Blackburn S I,2003.The effect of growth phase on the lipid class,fatty acid and sterol composition in the marine dinoflagellate,Gymnodinium sp.in batch culture.Phytochemistry,63(2):145-153
Parrish C C,1999.Determination of total lipid,lipid classes,and fatty acids in aquatic samples.In:Arts M T,Wainman BCeds.Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems.New York:Springer,4-20
Reuss N,Poulsen L,2002.Evaluation of fatty acids as biomarkers for a natural plankton community.A field study of a spring bloom and a post-bloom period off West Greenland.Marine Biology,141(3):423-434
Spector A A,1999.Essentiality of fatty acids.Lipids,34(S1):S1-S3
Tang Y Z,Gobler C J,2015.Sexual resting cyst production by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea:a potential mechanism contributing to the ubiquitous distribution of a harmful alga.Journal of Phycology,51(2):298-309
Tzovenis I,De Pauw N,Sorgeloos P,1997.Effect of different light regimes on the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)content of Isochrysis aff.galbana(clone T-ISO).Aquaculture International,5(6):489-507
Zhu C J,Lee Y K,Chao T M,1997.Effects of temperature and growth phase on lipid and biochemical composition of Isochrysis galbana TK1.Journal of Applied Phycology,9(5):451-457
李文权,廖启斌,李芊等,2002.三种海洋微藻生长期脂肪酸组成研究.海洋环境科学,21(2):10-13
吴玉霖,周成旭,张永山等,2001.烟台四十里湾海域红色裸甲藻赤潮发展过程及其成因.海洋与湖沼,32(2):159-167
张玉君,潘进芬,蒲新明,2011.海洋浮游植物的脂肪酸:组成、功能及其生态学意义.海洋通报,30(1):113-120
陈全震,何德华,2000.甲藻赤潮对养鲍业的危害及其防治探讨.水产学报,24(2):151-155
陈国斌,2012.厦门海域一次冬季血红哈卡藻赤潮的初步分析.福建水产,34(5):392-397
赵佩佩,顾文辉,伍松翠等,2015.氮限制有利于三角褐指藻脂质积累.科学通报,60(23):2196-2208
曹春晖,孙世春,麦康森等,2006.氮浓度对四株海洋绿藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响.海洋湖沼通报,(3):79-84
喻龙,郝彦菊,2009.烟台四十里湾一次血红哈卡藻赤潮过程的分析.海洋科学进展,27(4):516-522
廖启斌,李文权,陈清花等,2000.营养盐对三角褐指藻脂肪酸含量与百分组成的影响.海洋环境科学,19(2):6-9
廖灵旋,于昊,黄建忠,2014.多不饱和脂肪酸合成途径研究进展.微生物学杂志,34(3):80-85
魏东,张学成,邹立红等,2000.细胞生长时期对两种海洋微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响.青岛海洋大学学报,30(3):503-509
Binder B J,Anderson D M,1990.Biochemical composition and metabolic activity of Scrippsiella trochoidea(Dinophyceae)resting cysts.Journal of Phycology,26(2):289-298
Botes L,Smit A J,Cook P A,2003.The potential threat of algal blooms to the abalone(Haliotis midae)mariculture industry situated around the South African coast.Harmful Algae,2(4):247-259
Dempster T A,Sommerfeld M R,1998.Effects of environmental conditions on growth and lipid accumulation in Nitzschia communis(Bacillariophyceae).Journal of Phycology,34(4):712-721
Ellegaard M,Ribeiro S,2018.The long-term persistence of phytoplankton resting stages in aquatic‘seed banks’.Biological Reviews,93(1):166-183
Enright C T,Newkirk G F,Craigie J S et al,1986.Evaluation of phytoplankton as diets for juvenile Ostrea edulis L.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,96(1):1-13
Evjemo J O,Tokle N,Vadstein O et al,2008.Effect of essential dietary fatty acids on egg production and hatching success of the marine copepod Temora longicornis.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,365(1):31-37
Folch J,Lees M,Sloane Stanley G H,1957.A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.Journal of Biological Chemistry,226(1):497-509
Levine D M,Sulkin S D,1984.Nutritional significance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to the zoeal development of the brachyuran crab,Eurypanopeus depressus(Smith).Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,81(3):211-223
Li M,Gong R M,Rao X J et al,2005.Effects of nitrate concentration on growth and fatty acid composition of the marine microalga Pavlova viridis(Prymnesiophyceae).Annals of Microbiology,55(1):51-55
Liu Y,Chen T T,Song S Q et al,2015.Effects of nitrogenous nutrition on growth and nitrogen assimilation enzymes of dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea.Harmful Algae,50:99-106
Mansour M P,Volkman J K,Blackburn S I,2003.The effect of growth phase on the lipid class,fatty acid and sterol composition in the marine dinoflagellate,Gymnodinium sp.in batch culture.Phytochemistry,63(2):145-153
Parrish C C,1999.Determination of total lipid,lipid classes,and fatty acids in aquatic samples.In:Arts M T,Wainman BCeds.Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems.New York:Springer,4-20
Reuss N,Poulsen L,2002.Evaluation of fatty acids as biomarkers for a natural plankton community.A field study of a spring bloom and a post-bloom period off West Greenland.Marine Biology,141(3):423-434
Spector A A,1999.Essentiality of fatty acids.Lipids,34(S1):S1-S3
Tang Y Z,Gobler C J,2015.Sexual resting cyst production by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea:a potential mechanism contributing to the ubiquitous distribution of a harmful alga.Journal of Phycology,51(2):298-309
Tzovenis I,De Pauw N,Sorgeloos P,1997.Effect of different light regimes on the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)content of Isochrysis aff.galbana(clone T-ISO).Aquaculture International,5(6):489-507
Zhu C J,Lee Y K,Chao T M,1997.Effects of temperature and growth phase on lipid and biochemical composition of Isochrysis galbana TK1.Journal of Applied Phycology,9(5):451-457