福建兴化湾外近海~(210)Pb法沉积速率及校正方法
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摘要
运用γ谱仪,对采自福建省兴化湾外近海海域的D37和FJ3-12孔进行了~(210)Pb、~(226)Ra和~(137)Cs活度的测试,得到这3种核素活度随深度变化特征。分别运用~(210)Pb法的CFCS模式(恒定通量恒定沉积模式,Constant Flux and Constant Sedimentation)和CRS模式(恒定供给速率模式,Constant Rate of Supply)以及~(137)Cs时标法计算平均沉积速率,发现3种方式的计算结果存在一定差异。在排除粒度变化对核素剖面的影响后,对比不同取样深度的结果发现,指数衰减剖面不完整度(取样深度未达~(210)Pb的本底值区)对运用CFCS和CRS模式计算平均沉积速率均有不利影响,其中对CRS模式的影响随剖面不完整性愈强而愈显著。为此提出了相关校正方法作为参考,即先根据CFCS模式估算平均沉积速率和相应的~(210)Pb_(ex)累积量,再通过CRS法建立钻孔年龄框架,由此可计算得出D37和FJ3-12孔的平均沉积速率分别为2. 76 cm/yr和4. 35 cm/yr。
Core D37 and FJ3-12,collected from the offshore area of the Xinhua Bay,Fujian Province,were analyzed by γ-spectrometer to test the activities of ~(210)Pb,~(226)Ra and ~(137)Cs and the activity characters of three nuclide with depth were abtained. It was demonstrated that there existed some differences in mean sedimentation rates of Core D37 and FJ3-12 through CFCS and CRS models for ~(210)Pb inventories and the ~(137)Cs time-scale method,respectively. After eliminating the effect of grain size changes on the nuclide profile,the difference between varied sampling depth is obvious. It is also suggested that the incompleteness of logarithmic attenuation profile( i.e.,the sampling depth less than that bearing ~(210)Pb background value) has an adverse effect on calculating sedimentation rates by CFCS and CRS models,even more on CRS model by less incompleteness of the profile. Therefore,a rectification method was proposed to calculate the mean sedimentation rates for the upper boundary of sustaining ~(210)Pb (or none ~(210)Pb_(ex)) layer by the CFCS model,and then sedimentary chronology of the study cores by the CRS model with this deduced data. And the mean sedimentation rates of D37 and FJ3-12 are 2. 76 cm/yr and 4. 35 cm/yr,respectively.
Core D37 and FJ3-12,collected from the offshore area of the Xinhua Bay,Fujian Province,were analyzed by γ-spectrometer to test the activities of ~(210)Pb,~(226)Ra and ~(137)Cs and the activity characters of three nuclide with depth were abtained. It was demonstrated that there existed some differences in mean sedimentation rates of Core D37 and FJ3-12 through CFCS and CRS models for ~(210)Pb inventories and the ~(137)Cs time-scale method,respectively. After eliminating the effect of grain size changes on the nuclide profile,the difference between varied sampling depth is obvious. It is also suggested that the incompleteness of logarithmic attenuation profile( i.e.,the sampling depth less than that bearing ~(210)Pb background value) has an adverse effect on calculating sedimentation rates by CFCS and CRS models,even more on CRS model by less incompleteness of the profile. Therefore,a rectification method was proposed to calculate the mean sedimentation rates for the upper boundary of sustaining ~(210)Pb (or none ~(210)Pb_(ex)) layer by the CFCS model,and then sedimentary chronology of the study cores by the CRS model with this deduced data. And the mean sedimentation rates of D37 and FJ3-12 are 2. 76 cm/yr and 4. 35 cm/yr,respectively.
引文
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刘广山,黄奕普,彭安国.2002.深海沉积物岩心锕放射系核素的γ谱测定.台湾海峡,21(1):86-93.[Liu G S,Huang Y P,Peng A G.2002.Measurement of actinium series radionuclides in deepsea sediment core usingγspectrometry.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,21(1):86-93]
沙文钰,吕新刚,陈希,张文静.2001.环台湾岛海域半日潮波特征的三维模拟.海洋学报,23(4):31-40.[Sha W Y,LüX G,Chen X,Zhang W J.2001.Numerical simulation of charcteristics of semidiurnal tidal waves in sea region around Taiwan.Acat Oceanologica Sinica,23(4):31-40]
王敏杰,郑洪波,谢昕,范代读,杨守业,赵泉鸿,王可.2010.长江流域600年来古洪水:水下三角洲沉积与历史记录对比.科学通报,55(34):3320-3327.[Wang M J,Zheng H B,Xie X,Fan DD,Yang S Y,Zhao Q H,Wang K.2010.A 600-year flood history in the Yangze River drainage:Comparison between a subaqueous delta and historical records.Chinese Science Bulletin,56(2):188-195]
夏小明,杨辉,李炎,李伯根,潘少明.2004.长江口-杭州湾毗连海区的现代沉积速率.沉积学报,22(1):130-135.[Xia X M,Yang H,Li Y,Li B G,Pan S M.2004.Modern sedimentation rates in the contiguous sea area of changjiang estuary and hangzhou bay.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,22(1):130-135]
Alonso-Hernandez C M,Diaz-Asencio M,Munoz-Caravaca A,Delfanti R,Papucci C,Ferretti O,Crovato C.2006.Recent changes in sedimentation regime in Cienfuegos Bay,Cuba,as inferred from210Pb and137Cs vertical profiles.Continental Shelf Research,26(2):153-167.
Andersen T J,Mikkelsen O A,Mller A L,Morten P.2000.Deposition and mixing depths on some European intertidal mudflats based on210Pb and137Cs activities.Continental Shelf Research,20(12-13):1569-1591.
Crozaz G,Picciotto E,De B W.1964.Antarctic Snow Chronology with210Pb.Journal of Geophysical Research,69(69):2597-2604.
Dukat D A,Kuehl S A.1995.Non-steady-state210Pb flux and the use of228Ra/226Ra as a geochronometer on the Amazon continental shelf.Marine Geology,125(3):329-350.
Dypvik H,Harris N B.2001.Geochemical facies analysis of fine-grained siliciclastics using Th/U,Zr/Rb and(Zr+Rb)/Sr ratios.Chemical Geology,181(1):131-146.
Foster I D L,Mighall T M,Proffitt H,Walling D E,Owens P N.2006.Post-depositional137Cs Mobility in the Sediments of Three Shallow Coastal Lagoons,SW England.Journal of Paleolimnology,35(4):881-895.
Goldberg E D.1963.Geochronology with210Pb.In:Radioactive Dating.Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,121-131.
Huh C A,Su C C.1999.Sedimentation dynamics in the East China Sea elucidated from210Pb,137Cs and239,240Pu.Marine Geology,160(1):183-196.
Huh C A,Chen W F,Hsu F H,Su C C,Chiu J K,Lin S,Liu C S,Huang B J.2011.Modern(<100 years)sedimentation in the Taiwan Strait:Rates and source-to-sink pathways elucidated from radionuclides and particle size distribution.Continental Shelf Research,31(1):47-63.
Koide M,Soutar A,Goldberg E D.1972.Marine geochronology with210Pb.Earth&Planetary Science Letters,14(3):442-446.
Kuehl S A,De Master D J,Nittrouer C A.1986.Nature of sediment accumulation on the Amazon continental shelf.Continental Shelf Research,6(1):209-225.
Last W M,Smol J P.2001.Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments,Volume 1:Basin Analysis,Coring,and Chronological Techniques.Kluwer Academic Publishers,49(5):171-196.
Lee S Y,Huh C A,Su C C,You C F.2004.Sedimentation in the Southern Okinawa Trough:Enhanced particle scavenging and teleconnection between the Equatorial Pacific and western Pacific margins.Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers,51(11):1769-1780.
Ritchie J C,Mchenry J R.1990.Application of radioactive fallout cesium-137 for measuring soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates and patterns:A review.Journal of Environmental Quality,19(2):215-233.
Sanchez-Cabeza J A,Ruiz-Fernndez A C.2012.210Pb sediment radiochronology:An integrated formulation and classification of dating models.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,82(82):183-200.
Sommerfield C K,Nittrouer C A.1999.Modern accumulation rates and a sediment budget for the Eel shelf:A flood-dominated depositional environment.Marine Geology,154(1):227-241.
Wang J,Baskaran M,Niedermiller J.2017.Mobility of137Cs in freshwater lakes:A mass balance and diffusion study of Lake St.Clair,Southeast Michigan,USA.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,218(1):323-342.
郭允谋,郑承忠,潘亚明.1995.台湾海峡的现代沉积环境.见:台湾海峡及邻近海域海洋科学讨论会论文集.北京:海洋出版社,145-153.[Guo Y M,Zhen C Z,Pan Y M.1995.The modern sedimentary environment of the Taiwan Strait.In:A Proceedings of the Symposium on Marine Science in the Taiwan Strait and Its Neighboring Areas.Beijing:China Ocean Press,145-153]
火苗,范代读,徐过冬.2011.长江三角洲南汇潮滩沉积速率及其影响因素.古地理学报,13(1):111-118.[Huo M,Fan D D,Xu GD.2011.Sedimentation rates of Nanhui tidal flats in Changjiang River Delta and analysis of their influence factors.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),13(1):111-118]
纪丽红,李超,刘广山.2009.兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物岩心放射性核素分布与沉积速率.海洋学研究,27(3):1-7.[Ji L H,Li C,Liu G S.2009.The distributions of radionuclides in a sediment core and sedimentary rate in the intertidal zone of Xinghuawan Bay.Journal of Marine Science,27(3):1-7]
李冬梅,徐茂泉,刘广山,李超,许文彬.2005.福建兴化湾外近海沉积物岩心放射性核素分布.地球学报,26(s1):220-223.[Li DM,Xu M Q,Liu G S,Li C,Xu W B.2005.The distribution of radionuclides in sediment cores from offshore area of Xinghua Bay.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,26(s1):220-223]
刘广山,黄奕普,彭安国.2002.深海沉积物岩心锕放射系核素的γ谱测定.台湾海峡,21(1):86-93.[Liu G S,Huang Y P,Peng A G.2002.Measurement of actinium series radionuclides in deepsea sediment core usingγspectrometry.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,21(1):86-93]
沙文钰,吕新刚,陈希,张文静.2001.环台湾岛海域半日潮波特征的三维模拟.海洋学报,23(4):31-40.[Sha W Y,LüX G,Chen X,Zhang W J.2001.Numerical simulation of charcteristics of semidiurnal tidal waves in sea region around Taiwan.Acat Oceanologica Sinica,23(4):31-40]
王敏杰,郑洪波,谢昕,范代读,杨守业,赵泉鸿,王可.2010.长江流域600年来古洪水:水下三角洲沉积与历史记录对比.科学通报,55(34):3320-3327.[Wang M J,Zheng H B,Xie X,Fan DD,Yang S Y,Zhao Q H,Wang K.2010.A 600-year flood history in the Yangze River drainage:Comparison between a subaqueous delta and historical records.Chinese Science Bulletin,56(2):188-195]
夏小明,杨辉,李炎,李伯根,潘少明.2004.长江口-杭州湾毗连海区的现代沉积速率.沉积学报,22(1):130-135.[Xia X M,Yang H,Li Y,Li B G,Pan S M.2004.Modern sedimentation rates in the contiguous sea area of changjiang estuary and hangzhou bay.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,22(1):130-135]
Alonso-Hernandez C M,Diaz-Asencio M,Munoz-Caravaca A,Delfanti R,Papucci C,Ferretti O,Crovato C.2006.Recent changes in sedimentation regime in Cienfuegos Bay,Cuba,as inferred from210Pb and137Cs vertical profiles.Continental Shelf Research,26(2):153-167.
Andersen T J,Mikkelsen O A,Mller A L,Morten P.2000.Deposition and mixing depths on some European intertidal mudflats based on210Pb and137Cs activities.Continental Shelf Research,20(12-13):1569-1591.
Crozaz G,Picciotto E,De B W.1964.Antarctic Snow Chronology with210Pb.Journal of Geophysical Research,69(69):2597-2604.
Dukat D A,Kuehl S A.1995.Non-steady-state210Pb flux and the use of228Ra/226Ra as a geochronometer on the Amazon continental shelf.Marine Geology,125(3):329-350.
Dypvik H,Harris N B.2001.Geochemical facies analysis of fine-grained siliciclastics using Th/U,Zr/Rb and(Zr+Rb)/Sr ratios.Chemical Geology,181(1):131-146.
Foster I D L,Mighall T M,Proffitt H,Walling D E,Owens P N.2006.Post-depositional137Cs Mobility in the Sediments of Three Shallow Coastal Lagoons,SW England.Journal of Paleolimnology,35(4):881-895.
Goldberg E D.1963.Geochronology with210Pb.In:Radioactive Dating.Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,121-131.
Huh C A,Su C C.1999.Sedimentation dynamics in the East China Sea elucidated from210Pb,137Cs and239,240Pu.Marine Geology,160(1):183-196.
Huh C A,Chen W F,Hsu F H,Su C C,Chiu J K,Lin S,Liu C S,Huang B J.2011.Modern(<100 years)sedimentation in the Taiwan Strait:Rates and source-to-sink pathways elucidated from radionuclides and particle size distribution.Continental Shelf Research,31(1):47-63.
Koide M,Soutar A,Goldberg E D.1972.Marine geochronology with210Pb.Earth&Planetary Science Letters,14(3):442-446.
Kuehl S A,De Master D J,Nittrouer C A.1986.Nature of sediment accumulation on the Amazon continental shelf.Continental Shelf Research,6(1):209-225.
Last W M,Smol J P.2001.Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments,Volume 1:Basin Analysis,Coring,and Chronological Techniques.Kluwer Academic Publishers,49(5):171-196.
Lee S Y,Huh C A,Su C C,You C F.2004.Sedimentation in the Southern Okinawa Trough:Enhanced particle scavenging and teleconnection between the Equatorial Pacific and western Pacific margins.Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers,51(11):1769-1780.
Ritchie J C,Mchenry J R.1990.Application of radioactive fallout cesium-137 for measuring soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates and patterns:A review.Journal of Environmental Quality,19(2):215-233.
Sanchez-Cabeza J A,Ruiz-Fernndez A C.2012.210Pb sediment radiochronology:An integrated formulation and classification of dating models.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,82(82):183-200.
Sommerfield C K,Nittrouer C A.1999.Modern accumulation rates and a sediment budget for the Eel shelf:A flood-dominated depositional environment.Marine Geology,154(1):227-241.
Wang J,Baskaran M,Niedermiller J.2017.Mobility of137Cs in freshwater lakes:A mass balance and diffusion study of Lake St.Clair,Southeast Michigan,USA.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,218(1):323-342.
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