生石灰和硅肥处理对川芎生长发育的影响及其栽培土壤、植株的降镉效应
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摘要
为保障川芎临床用药的安全性,探讨降低川芎药材、栽培土壤镉含量的有效方法。以不撒施生石灰和不喷施硅肥为对照,研究撒施生石灰和喷施硅肥对川芎栽培土壤pH、川芎生长发育及有效成分含量的影响以及对土壤及根茎、茎叶的降镉效应。结果表明:与对照相比,生石灰、硅肥处理可提高土壤pH;低浓度生石灰可一定程度促进川芎的生长发育,高浓度抑制川芎的生长发育,硅肥处理可促进川芎地下鲜重的生长发育,以150g/667m~2硅肥和300g/667m~2硅肥处理较好;采收时撒施生石灰和喷施硅肥的处理对可有效降低土壤有效镉占总金属镉含量比例、药材和茎叶中的镉含量。以撒施200kg/667m~2生石灰的川芎根茎降镉效应最明显,与对照相比降低了69.27%,土壤活性镉含量比施用前降低57.98%。
In order to ensure the safety of clinical use of Ligusticum chuanxiong,and explore the effective way to reduce cadmium contents in L.chuanxiongand cultivated soil,in this paper the authors studied the effects of applying quicklime and silicon fertilizer on cultivated soil pH,growth and development of L.Chuanxiong,and cadmium reduction in cultivated soil,root stem,stem and leaf of L.chuanxiong.Results:Compared with the control(no application of quicklime and silicon fertilizer),applying quicklime and silicon fertilizer could increase the soil pH,low concentration of lime could promote the growth and development of L.chuanxiong,while high concentration of lime functioned reversely,applying silicon fertilizer(150 g/667 m~2 and 300 g/667 m~2 silicon fertilizer)could promote the growth and development of underground fresh weight of L.chuanxiong.The reducing effects of applying quicklime and silicon fertilizer on ratio of available cadmium to total cadmium in soil,medicinal material,stem and leaf were obvious at harvest time.The effect of applying 200 kg/667 m~2 quicklime on the root stem was the most obvious,which was 69.27% lower than that of the control,the soil active cadmium content was57.98%lower than that before application.
In order to ensure the safety of clinical use of Ligusticum chuanxiong,and explore the effective way to reduce cadmium contents in L.chuanxiongand cultivated soil,in this paper the authors studied the effects of applying quicklime and silicon fertilizer on cultivated soil pH,growth and development of L.Chuanxiong,and cadmium reduction in cultivated soil,root stem,stem and leaf of L.chuanxiong.Results:Compared with the control(no application of quicklime and silicon fertilizer),applying quicklime and silicon fertilizer could increase the soil pH,low concentration of lime could promote the growth and development of L.chuanxiong,while high concentration of lime functioned reversely,applying silicon fertilizer(150 g/667 m~2 and 300 g/667 m~2 silicon fertilizer)could promote the growth and development of underground fresh weight of L.chuanxiong.The reducing effects of applying quicklime and silicon fertilizer on ratio of available cadmium to total cadmium in soil,medicinal material,stem and leaf were obvious at harvest time.The effect of applying 200 kg/667 m~2 quicklime on the root stem was the most obvious,which was 69.27% lower than that of the control,the soil active cadmium content was57.98%lower than that before application.
引文
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[14]黄道友,陈惠萍,龚高堂,等.湖南省主要类型水稻土镉污染改良利用研究田[J].农业现代化研究,2000,21(6):364-370.
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[16]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典一部[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015,40.
[17]杨艳,刘云华,黄志芳,等.一测多评法测定川芎、当归中洋川芎内酯A和藁本内酯的含量[J].中国实验方剂学,2015,21(3):135-137.
[18]李青苗,李彬,郭俊霞,等.生石灰、硫磺对土壤pH、川芎生长发育及药材中镉含量的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(1):16-19.
[19]周斯建,赵印泉,彭培好,等.不同耕作方式下川芎对土壤中铅、镉含量的富集特征[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(30):342.
[2]李晓念,陈幸,李彬,等.川产道地药材川芎中重金属的来源途径研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(34):19361-19363.
[3]易桂花,彭培好.川产道地中药材川芎根茎对土壤重金属元素的吸收富集特征[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(33):10744-10745.
[4]周晓腾,卢恒,李耿.川产道地药材川芎重金属富集能力及健康风险分析[J].环境化学,2014,33(4):562-657.
[5]何春杨,李彬,李青苗,等.川芎根茎组织部位对镉的富集能力探索[J].广东微量元素科学,2015,22(12):24-29.
[6]杨江,李彬,李青苗,等.川芎镉含量与栽培土壤pH及镉活性态含量的相关性研究[J].中国农学通报2014,30(7):142-147.
[7] HSEU Z Y,SU S W,LAI H Y,et al.Remediation techniques and heavy metal uptake by different rice varieties in metal-contaminated soils of Taiwan:New aspects for food safety regulation and sustainable agriciculture[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2010,56(1):317-452.
[8] HUSSAIN L A,ZHANG Z,GUO Z,et al.Potential use of lime combined with additives on(im)mobilization and phytoavailability of heavy metals from Pb/Zn smelter contaminated soils[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,145:313-323.
[9]陈少毅,许超,张文静,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施降低水稻重金属含量的盆栽试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):1897-4197.
[10] GERRISTE R G,VAN Driel W.The re latio nship betw een adso rptio n of trace metals,o rganic matter,and pH in tempe rate soils[J].Journal of Env ir onme ntal Quality,1984,13:197-204.
[11] CASTALDI P,SANTONA L,MELIS P.Heavy metal immobilization by chemical amendments in a polluted soil and influence on white lupin growth[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(3):365-371.
[12]封文利,郭朝晖,史磊,等.控源及改良措施对稻田土壤和水稻镉累积的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):399-405.
[13]宫海军,陈坤明,王锁民,等.植物硅营养的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(12):2385-2392.
[14]黄道友,陈惠萍,龚高堂,等.湖南省主要类型水稻土镉污染改良利用研究田[J].农业现代化研究,2000,21(6):364-370.
[15]蔡德龙,陈常友,小林均.硅肥对水稻镉吸收影响初探[J].地域研究与开发,2000,19(4):69.
[16]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典一部[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015,40.
[17]杨艳,刘云华,黄志芳,等.一测多评法测定川芎、当归中洋川芎内酯A和藁本内酯的含量[J].中国实验方剂学,2015,21(3):135-137.
[18]李青苗,李彬,郭俊霞,等.生石灰、硫磺对土壤pH、川芎生长发育及药材中镉含量的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(1):16-19.
[19]周斯建,赵印泉,彭培好,等.不同耕作方式下川芎对土壤中铅、镉含量的富集特征[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(30):342.
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