江苏龙池山自然保护区红楠(Machilus thunbergii)生存群落结构及其环境解释
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摘要
为了解释环境因子对红楠生存群落的影响,根据64个样方数据,选用多元回归树(MRT)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,对江苏龙池山自然保护区内红楠生存群落进行分类、排序以及物种多样性垂直分布格局研究。结果表明:(1)群落物种有72科129属153种,生存群落属中亚热带常绿阔叶林,红楠是重要优势种;乔木层占绝对优势,红楠幼苗生长处于劣势地位;(2) MRT将该地区群落划分为4个群丛:Ⅰ)麻栎+化香树-冬青+油茶-沿阶草+淡竹叶群丛,Ⅱ)红楠+蓝果树-山鸡椒+格药柃-金星蕨+淡竹叶群丛,Ⅲ)青冈+栓皮栎-窄基红褐柃+木莓-金星蕨+狗脊群丛,Ⅳ)米槠+檫木-光亮山矾+马银花-紫金牛+沿阶草群丛,分类结果在空间上反映了龙池山红楠生存群落演替变化趋势;(3) CCA排序结果验证了MRT的分类结果,并显示海拔和土壤含水量是影响龙池山自然保护区红楠生存群落分布与扩张的重要影响因子;(4)红楠生存群落物种多样性随海拔的升高呈现上升再下降的单峰格局,在海拔150 m达到最大值。
To understand the effects of environmental factors on Machilus thunbergii community in Mountain Longchi Nature Reserve,the classification,ordination and vertical distribution pattern of species diversity in this community were investigated using the Multiple Regression Tree( MRT) and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis( CCA) method,with data from 64 plots.The results showed that:( 1) The Mountain Longchi Nature Reserve consisted of 153 species,129 genera and 72 families,which belonged to mid-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,with M. thunbergii being the predominant species. The arbor layer had an absolute advantage,and the seedlings of M. thunbergii were in a disadvantaged status.( 2) According to MRT results,the community could be divided into four groups: Ⅰ. Quercus acutissima+Platycarya strobilacea-Ilex chinensis+Camellia oleifera-Ophiopogon bodinieri+Lophatherum gracile,Ⅱ. Machilus thunbergii+Nyssa sinensis-Litsea cubeba+Eurya muricata-Parathelypteris glanduligera+Lophatherum gracile,Ⅲ. Cyclobalanopsis glauca+Quercus variabilis-Eurya rubiginosa+Rubus swinhoei-Parathelypteris glanduligera+Woodwardia japonica,Ⅳ. Castanopsis carlesii+Sassafras tzumu-Symplocos lucida+Rhododendron ovatum-Ardisia japonica+Ophiopogon bodinieri. The classification results reflected the trend of succession of M. thunbergii community.( 3) The CCA results verified the classification results of MRT,and showed that elevation and soil moisture content were the important factors affecting the distribution and development of the M. thunbergii community.( 4) The species diversity of M. thunbergii community showed a unimodal distribution pattern with elevation,with a maximum value at 150 m.
To understand the effects of environmental factors on Machilus thunbergii community in Mountain Longchi Nature Reserve,the classification,ordination and vertical distribution pattern of species diversity in this community were investigated using the Multiple Regression Tree( MRT) and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis( CCA) method,with data from 64 plots.The results showed that:( 1) The Mountain Longchi Nature Reserve consisted of 153 species,129 genera and 72 families,which belonged to mid-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,with M. thunbergii being the predominant species. The arbor layer had an absolute advantage,and the seedlings of M. thunbergii were in a disadvantaged status.( 2) According to MRT results,the community could be divided into four groups: Ⅰ. Quercus acutissima+Platycarya strobilacea-Ilex chinensis+Camellia oleifera-Ophiopogon bodinieri+Lophatherum gracile,Ⅱ. Machilus thunbergii+Nyssa sinensis-Litsea cubeba+Eurya muricata-Parathelypteris glanduligera+Lophatherum gracile,Ⅲ. Cyclobalanopsis glauca+Quercus variabilis-Eurya rubiginosa+Rubus swinhoei-Parathelypteris glanduligera+Woodwardia japonica,Ⅳ. Castanopsis carlesii+Sassafras tzumu-Symplocos lucida+Rhododendron ovatum-Ardisia japonica+Ophiopogon bodinieri. The classification results reflected the trend of succession of M. thunbergii community.( 3) The CCA results verified the classification results of MRT,and showed that elevation and soil moisture content were the important factors affecting the distribution and development of the M. thunbergii community.( 4) The species diversity of M. thunbergii community showed a unimodal distribution pattern with elevation,with a maximum value at 150 m.
引文
安乐生,周葆华,赵全升,等.2017.黄河三角洲植被空间分布特征及其环境解释.生态学报,37(20):167-175.
曾繁茂.1999.红楠群落特征的初步研究.福建林业科技,26(1):42-45.
陈林,杨国栋,钱慧蓉,等.2018.江苏龙池山自然保护区宁波木犀群落特征研究.中南林业科技大学学报,38(8):76-80.
陈云,冯佳伟,牛帅,等.2017.小秦岭自然保护区苔藓植物群落数量分类、排序及多样性垂直格局.生态学报,37(8):2653-2664.
陈云,王婷,李培坤,等.2016.河南木札岭温带落叶阔叶林群落特征及主要乔木空间分布格局.植物生态学报,40(11):1179-1188.
陈绿青.2012.闽南山地红楠天然林群落特征研究.青海农林科技,(3):12-14.
陈子林,陈煜,周钰鸿.2007.浙江六十田自然保护小区红楠种群结构与更新.林业工程学报,21(4):33-36.
段后浪,赵安,姚忠.2017.排序法在植物群落与环境关系研究中的应用述评.热带亚热带植物学报,25(2):202-208.
段晓梅,白玉芳,张钦弟,等.2016.山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释.植物学报,51(1):40-48.
高浩杰,高平仕,王国明.2017.舟山群岛红楠林种内和种间竞争研究.植物研究,37(3):440-446.
洪必恭,金济民.1984.划分江苏植被带界线的新尝试.南京大学学报:数学半年刊,(2):313-320.
胡绍庆.2002.园林绿化新秀---红楠.浙江林业,(12):29.
黄甫昭,王斌,丁涛,等.2014.弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林群丛数量分类及与环境的关系.生物多样性,22(2):157-166.
黄宗安.1996.红楠群落主要种群分布格局的研究.森林与环境学报,16(1):49-52.
贾晓妮,程积民,万惠娥.2007.DCA、CCA和DCCA三种排序方法在中国草地植被群落中的应用现状.中国农学通报,23(12):391-395.
江明艳,陈其兵,潘远志.2004.我国樟科植物的园林应用前景.西南园艺,32(3):16-18.
赖江山,米湘成,任海保.2010.基于多元回归树的常绿阔叶林群丛数量分类---以古田山24公顷森林样地为例.植物生态学报,34(7):761-769.
廖承川,李成惠,陈卫新,等.2007.浙江九龙山自然保护区红楠群落特征及种群动态的研究.福建林业科技,34(4):129-133.
卢鹏林.2013.崂山森林植物群落物种多样性的垂直分布格局及影响因素分析(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学.
潘代远,孔令韶,金启宏.1995.新疆呼图壁盐化草甸群落的DCA、CCA及DCCA分析.植物生态学报,19(2):115-127.
沈静静.2013.常州丘陵山区维管植物多样性、主要森林群落及其资源研究(硕士学位论文).南京:南京农业大学.
童跃伟,项文化,王正文,等.2013.地形、邻株植物及自身大小对红楠幼树生长与存活的影响.生物多样性,21(3):269-277.
汪庆,邓懋彬,杨如同.2011.江苏省维管植物分布新记录(四).植物资源与环境学报,20(4):90-91.
王鑫,刘钦,黄琴,等.2017.崖柏群落优势种生态位及CCA排序分析.北京林业大学学报,39(8):60-67.
王宇航,赵鸣飞,康慕谊.2016.内蒙古草原植物群落分布格局及其主导环境因子解释.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,52(1):83-90.
杨国栋,钱慧蓉,陈林,等.2018.中国特有植物短丝木犀(Osmanthus serrulatus Rehd.)群落结构及其环境解释.生态学报,38(9):71-80.
余敏,周志勇,康峰峰,等.2013.山西灵空山小蛇沟林下草本层植物群落梯度分析及环境解释.植物生态学报,37(5):373-383.
张峰,张金屯.2000.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展.山西大学学报:自然科学版,23(3):278-282.
张根水.2016.红楠天然林种内与种间的竞争关系.福建林学院学报,30(2):197-182.
张立新,李升峰.1998.江苏宜兴森林自然保护区种子植物区系特点及植被性质.植物资源与环境学报,7(4):1-7.
张文静,张钦弟,王晶,等.2015.多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较.植物生态学报,39(6):586-592.
郑超超,伊力塔,张超,等.2015.浙江江山公益林物种种间关系及CCA排序.生态学报,35(22):7511-7521.
周欣,左小安,赵学勇,等.2015.科尔沁沙地植物群落分布与土壤特性关系的DCA、CCA及DCCA分析.生态学杂志,34(4):947-954.
Braak CJFT.1994.Canonical community ordination.part I:Basic theory and linear methods.Ecoscience,1:127-140.
De’Ath G.2012.mvpart:Multivariate partitioning.R PackageVersion 1.6-0.https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mvpart1.4-0
De’Ath G.2002.Multivariate regression trees:A new technique for modeling species-environment relationships.Ecology,83:1105-1117.
Etten EJBV,Fox JED.2017.Vegetation-environment relationships of the hamersley ranges,a mountainous desert of north-west Australia.Folia Geobotanica,52:161-173.
Hopfensperger KN,Burgin AJ,Schoepfer VA,et al.2014.Impacts of saltwater incursion on plant communities,anaerobic microbial metabolism,and resulting relationships in a restored freshwater wetland.Ecosystems,17:792-807.
Moriyama A,Yonemura S,Kawashima S,et al.2013.Environmental indicators for estimating the potential soil respiration rate in alpine zone.Ecological Indicators,32:245-252.
R Core Team,2012.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna,Austria.http://www.R-project.org/.
Smale MC,Wiser SK,Bergin MJ,et al.2017.A classification of the geothermal vegetation of the Taupōvolcanic zone,New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand,48:21-38.
Vittoz P,Bayfield N,Brooker R,et al.2010.Reproducibility of species lists,visual cover estimates and frequency methods for recording high-mountain vegetation.Journal of Vegetation Science,21:1035-1047.
Vogiatzakis IN,Griffiths GH,Mannion AM.2003.Environmental factors and vegetation composition,Lefka Ori massif,Crete,S.Aegean.Global Ecology&Biogeography,12:131-146.
Whittaker RH.1972.Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21:213-251.
曾繁茂.1999.红楠群落特征的初步研究.福建林业科技,26(1):42-45.
陈林,杨国栋,钱慧蓉,等.2018.江苏龙池山自然保护区宁波木犀群落特征研究.中南林业科技大学学报,38(8):76-80.
陈云,冯佳伟,牛帅,等.2017.小秦岭自然保护区苔藓植物群落数量分类、排序及多样性垂直格局.生态学报,37(8):2653-2664.
陈云,王婷,李培坤,等.2016.河南木札岭温带落叶阔叶林群落特征及主要乔木空间分布格局.植物生态学报,40(11):1179-1188.
陈绿青.2012.闽南山地红楠天然林群落特征研究.青海农林科技,(3):12-14.
陈子林,陈煜,周钰鸿.2007.浙江六十田自然保护小区红楠种群结构与更新.林业工程学报,21(4):33-36.
段后浪,赵安,姚忠.2017.排序法在植物群落与环境关系研究中的应用述评.热带亚热带植物学报,25(2):202-208.
段晓梅,白玉芳,张钦弟,等.2016.山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释.植物学报,51(1):40-48.
高浩杰,高平仕,王国明.2017.舟山群岛红楠林种内和种间竞争研究.植物研究,37(3):440-446.
洪必恭,金济民.1984.划分江苏植被带界线的新尝试.南京大学学报:数学半年刊,(2):313-320.
胡绍庆.2002.园林绿化新秀---红楠.浙江林业,(12):29.
黄甫昭,王斌,丁涛,等.2014.弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林群丛数量分类及与环境的关系.生物多样性,22(2):157-166.
黄宗安.1996.红楠群落主要种群分布格局的研究.森林与环境学报,16(1):49-52.
贾晓妮,程积民,万惠娥.2007.DCA、CCA和DCCA三种排序方法在中国草地植被群落中的应用现状.中国农学通报,23(12):391-395.
江明艳,陈其兵,潘远志.2004.我国樟科植物的园林应用前景.西南园艺,32(3):16-18.
赖江山,米湘成,任海保.2010.基于多元回归树的常绿阔叶林群丛数量分类---以古田山24公顷森林样地为例.植物生态学报,34(7):761-769.
廖承川,李成惠,陈卫新,等.2007.浙江九龙山自然保护区红楠群落特征及种群动态的研究.福建林业科技,34(4):129-133.
卢鹏林.2013.崂山森林植物群落物种多样性的垂直分布格局及影响因素分析(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学.
潘代远,孔令韶,金启宏.1995.新疆呼图壁盐化草甸群落的DCA、CCA及DCCA分析.植物生态学报,19(2):115-127.
沈静静.2013.常州丘陵山区维管植物多样性、主要森林群落及其资源研究(硕士学位论文).南京:南京农业大学.
童跃伟,项文化,王正文,等.2013.地形、邻株植物及自身大小对红楠幼树生长与存活的影响.生物多样性,21(3):269-277.
汪庆,邓懋彬,杨如同.2011.江苏省维管植物分布新记录(四).植物资源与环境学报,20(4):90-91.
王鑫,刘钦,黄琴,等.2017.崖柏群落优势种生态位及CCA排序分析.北京林业大学学报,39(8):60-67.
王宇航,赵鸣飞,康慕谊.2016.内蒙古草原植物群落分布格局及其主导环境因子解释.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,52(1):83-90.
杨国栋,钱慧蓉,陈林,等.2018.中国特有植物短丝木犀(Osmanthus serrulatus Rehd.)群落结构及其环境解释.生态学报,38(9):71-80.
余敏,周志勇,康峰峰,等.2013.山西灵空山小蛇沟林下草本层植物群落梯度分析及环境解释.植物生态学报,37(5):373-383.
张峰,张金屯.2000.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展.山西大学学报:自然科学版,23(3):278-282.
张根水.2016.红楠天然林种内与种间的竞争关系.福建林学院学报,30(2):197-182.
张立新,李升峰.1998.江苏宜兴森林自然保护区种子植物区系特点及植被性质.植物资源与环境学报,7(4):1-7.
张文静,张钦弟,王晶,等.2015.多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较.植物生态学报,39(6):586-592.
郑超超,伊力塔,张超,等.2015.浙江江山公益林物种种间关系及CCA排序.生态学报,35(22):7511-7521.
周欣,左小安,赵学勇,等.2015.科尔沁沙地植物群落分布与土壤特性关系的DCA、CCA及DCCA分析.生态学杂志,34(4):947-954.
Braak CJFT.1994.Canonical community ordination.part I:Basic theory and linear methods.Ecoscience,1:127-140.
De’Ath G.2012.mvpart:Multivariate partitioning.R PackageVersion 1.6-0.https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mvpart1.4-0
De’Ath G.2002.Multivariate regression trees:A new technique for modeling species-environment relationships.Ecology,83:1105-1117.
Etten EJBV,Fox JED.2017.Vegetation-environment relationships of the hamersley ranges,a mountainous desert of north-west Australia.Folia Geobotanica,52:161-173.
Hopfensperger KN,Burgin AJ,Schoepfer VA,et al.2014.Impacts of saltwater incursion on plant communities,anaerobic microbial metabolism,and resulting relationships in a restored freshwater wetland.Ecosystems,17:792-807.
Moriyama A,Yonemura S,Kawashima S,et al.2013.Environmental indicators for estimating the potential soil respiration rate in alpine zone.Ecological Indicators,32:245-252.
R Core Team,2012.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna,Austria.http://www.R-project.org/.
Smale MC,Wiser SK,Bergin MJ,et al.2017.A classification of the geothermal vegetation of the Taupōvolcanic zone,New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand,48:21-38.
Vittoz P,Bayfield N,Brooker R,et al.2010.Reproducibility of species lists,visual cover estimates and frequency methods for recording high-mountain vegetation.Journal of Vegetation Science,21:1035-1047.
Vogiatzakis IN,Griffiths GH,Mannion AM.2003.Environmental factors and vegetation composition,Lefka Ori massif,Crete,S.Aegean.Global Ecology&Biogeography,12:131-146.
Whittaker RH.1972.Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21:213-251.
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