改性生物质电厂灰钝化修复南方镉污染土壤及其长效性研究
|
摘要
选取我国南方生物质发电厂的灰渣为原料,经物理和化学改性制成重金属钝化剂,针对我国南方重金属Cd污染的土壤开展钝化修复研究.底灰中Cd等重金属含量明显低于其对应的飞灰,这是选择底灰作原料的重要原因.用其制备的BFA型钝化剂在水中对Cd的吸附量可达16mg/g以上.室内盆栽试验中,添加土壤干重1%的钝化剂,第一季稻米Cd含量降低80%以上,从超标2.8倍降至达标;第二季小麦籽粒Cd降低70%,从超标0.9倍降至达标.在我国南方Cd重度污染的农田中开展的原位修复试验表明,添加1%的钝化剂,稻米和小麦籽粒中Cd降低70%～90%,其中稻米Cd持续降低,2017年降低率相较2016年继续提升10%～20%,最终从超标20倍降至达标;Ni降低60%以上,且保留有益的Cu、Zn元素不受明显影响;此BFA型钝化剂还能促进作物生长,第一季稻米产量提高40%～60%,第二季仍有一定的增长效果.综合安全性考虑,我国南方生物质电厂的灰渣重金属含量很低,经过改性加工可制成安全高效的重金属钝化剂.可为钝化修复我国南方重金属污染农田提供一种经济有效的方法,也为现阶段难以处置的灰渣提供一个重要的利用途径.
The bottom ash of biomass power plant in South China was used to produce heavy metal deactivator BFA by physical and chemical modification, BFA was used to remediate the cadmium contaminated soil in South China. The reason why we selected the bottom ash was the content of heavy metals such as Cd in bottom ash were significantly lower than that in fly ash. The adsorption capacity of BFA to Cd in water was over 16mg/g. The results of indoor pot experiment showed that, with the amendment of 1% w/w BFA to soil, Cd in rice decreased over 80% in the first season, from 2.8times over the national standard value to lower than the standard; in the second season, Cd in wheat decreased by 70%, from 0.9times over the standard value to lower than the standard. The in situ experiment conducted in the heavily polluted cropland in South China showed that, with the amendment of 1% w/w BFA to soil, Cd in rice and wheat produced decreased by 70%～90%, in the second year(2017), the Cd reduction rate in rice increased by 10%～20% compared with the first year(2016), from 20 times over the standard value to lower than the standard. By the way, the Ni in rice and wheat produced decreased over 60%, while the content of beneficial elements, such as Cu and Zn, were not affected signally. the BFA also promoted crop growth, the yield of rice increased by 40%～60% in the first season and still have benificial effects in the second season. The heavy metal content of the bottom ash of biomass power plant in south China is low. The BFA produced by the bottom ash provides an excellent way to dispose of the bottom ash and for the remediation of cropland contaminated with heavy metals in South China.
The bottom ash of biomass power plant in South China was used to produce heavy metal deactivator BFA by physical and chemical modification, BFA was used to remediate the cadmium contaminated soil in South China. The reason why we selected the bottom ash was the content of heavy metals such as Cd in bottom ash were significantly lower than that in fly ash. The adsorption capacity of BFA to Cd in water was over 16mg/g. The results of indoor pot experiment showed that, with the amendment of 1% w/w BFA to soil, Cd in rice decreased over 80% in the first season, from 2.8times over the national standard value to lower than the standard; in the second season, Cd in wheat decreased by 70%, from 0.9times over the standard value to lower than the standard. The in situ experiment conducted in the heavily polluted cropland in South China showed that, with the amendment of 1% w/w BFA to soil, Cd in rice and wheat produced decreased by 70%～90%, in the second year(2017), the Cd reduction rate in rice increased by 10%～20% compared with the first year(2016), from 20 times over the standard value to lower than the standard. By the way, the Ni in rice and wheat produced decreased over 60%, while the content of beneficial elements, such as Cu and Zn, were not affected signally. the BFA also promoted crop growth, the yield of rice increased by 40%～60% in the first season and still have benificial effects in the second season. The heavy metal content of the bottom ash of biomass power plant in south China is low. The BFA produced by the bottom ash provides an excellent way to dispose of the bottom ash and for the remediation of cropland contaminated with heavy metals in South China.
引文
[1]Zhao F J,Ma Y,Zhu Y G,et al.Soil Contamination in China:Current Status and Mitigation Strategies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(2):750.
[2]Li X N,Jiao W T,Xiao R B,et al.Soil pollution and site remediation policies in China:A review[J].Environmental Reviews,2015,23(3):150318143344008.
[3]Sun H,Zhu L,Zhou D.Polsoil:research on soil pollution in China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,25(1):1-3.
[4]中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].北京:2014.Ministry of environmental protection of the PRC,Ministry of land and resources of the PRC.National survey bulletin on soil pollution[R].Beijing:2014.
[5]息朝庄,戴塔根,黄丹艳.湖南株洲市土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].中国地质,2008,35(3):524-530.Xi C Z,Dai T G,Huang D Y.Distribution and pollution assessments of heavy metalsin soils in Zhuzhou,Hunan[J].Geology in China,2008,35(3):524-530.
[6]赵其国,骆永明.论我国土壤保护宏观战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,4:452-458.Zhao Q G,Luo Y M.The Macro Strategy of Soil Protection in China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015,4:452-458.
[7]曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):186-194.Zeng X B,Xu J M,Huang Q Y,et al.Some deliberations on the issues of heavy metals in farmlands of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1):186-194.
[8]韩志轩,王学求,迟清华,等.珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤重金属元素含量和来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3455-3463.Han Z X,Wang X Q,Chi Q H,et al.Occurrence and source identification of heavy metals in the alluvial soils of Pearl River Delta region,south China[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3455-3463.
[9]Liu X,Tian G,Jiang D,et al.Cadmium(Cd)distribution and contamination in Chinese paddy soils on national scale[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(18):1-12.
[10]Wang M,Chen W,Peng C.Risk assessment of Cd polluted paddy soils in the industrial and township areas in Hunan,Southern China[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:346-351.
[11]Duan G,Shao G,Tang Z,et al.Genotypic and Environmental Variations in Grain Cadmium and Arsenic Concentrations Among a Panel of High Yielding Rice Cultivars[J].Rice,2017,10(1):9.
[12]Jennifer H,Wang W Y.From Soil Pollution to“Cadmium Rice”to Public Health Impacts:An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Influencing Factors and Possible Responses[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2018,9(1):1-12.
[13]Wu X W,Ma H W,Zhang L T,et al.Adsorption properties and mechanism of mesoporous adsorbents prepared with fly ash for removal of Cu(II)in aqueous solution[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,261(5):902-907.
[14]Raml C,Masto R E.Fly ash for soil amelioration:A review on the influence of ash blending with inorganic and organic amendments[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,128(1):52-74.
[15]郜礼阳,邓金环,唐国强,等.不同温度桉树叶生物炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性及机制[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):1001-1009.Gao L Y,Deng J H,Tang G Q,et al.Adsorption characteristics and Mechanism of Cd2+on biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures produced from eucalyptus leaves[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):1001-1009.
[16]孙约兵,王朋超,徐应明,等.海泡石对镉-铅复合污染钝化修复效应及其土壤环境质量影响研究[J].环境科学,2014,12:4720-4726.Sun Y B,Wang P C,Xu Y M,et al.Immobilization Remediation of Cd and Pb Contaminated Soil:Remediation Potential and Soil Environmental Quality[J].Environmental Science,2014,12:4720-4726.
[17]Gray C W,Dunham S J,Dennis P G,et al.Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):530-539.
[18]朱雅兰,李明,黄巧云.草木灰污泥联合施用对Cd污染土壤中Cd形态变化的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(4):447-451.Zhu Y L,LI M,Huang Q Y.Effects of Straw Ash and Sewage Sludge on Morphologic Changes of Cadmium in Cadmium Contaminated Soil[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2010,29(4):447-451.
[19]Narodoslawsky M,Obernberger I.From waste to raw material-the route from biomass to wood ash for cadmium and other heavy metals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1997,50(2/3):157-168.
[20]汤蕾.粉煤灰中重金属淋滤特性试验及其处理方法的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.Tang L.Study on the Leachability and Treatment of Trace Elements in the Fly Ash[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology,2009.
[21]宋乐,韩占涛,吕晓立,等.利用改性生物质电厂灰钝化修复北方镉污染土壤的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(7):1484-1494.Song L,Han Z T,Lv X L,et al.Remediation of Cd-contaminated cropland soil in North China via the amendment of modified biofuel ash[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(7):1484-1494.
[22]Eijnders L.Disposal,uses and treatments of combustion ashes:a review[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2005,43(3):313-336.
[23]Hansen H K,Pedersen A J,Ottosen L M,et al.Speciation and mobility of cadmium in straw and wood combustion fly ash[J].Chemosphere,2001,45(1):123-128.
[24]Elled A-L,?mand L-E,Leckner B,et al.The fate of trace elements in fluidised bed combustion of sewage sludge and wood[J].Fuel,2015,86(5):843-852.
[25]Obernberger I,Biedermann F,Widmann W,et al.Concentrations of inorganic elements in biomass fuels and recovery in the different ash fractions[J].Biomass and bioenergy,1997,12(3):211-224.
[26]Saqib N,B?ckstr?m M.Trace element partitioning in ashes from boilers firing pure wood or mixtures of solid waste with respect to fuel composition,chlorine content and temperature[J].Waste Management,2014,34(12):2505-2519.
[27]Chávezguerrero L,Flores J,Kharissov B I.Recycling of ash from mezcal industry:a renewable source of lime[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(5):633-638.
[28]Ljung A,Nordin A.Theoretical feasibility for ecological biomass ash recirculation:chemical equilibrium behavior of nutrient elements and heavy metals during combustion[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,31(9):2499-2503.
[29]Dahl O,Nurmesniemi H,P?yki?R,et al.Comparison of the characteristics of bottom ash and fly ash from a medium-size(32MW)municipal district heating plant incinerating forest residues and peat in a fluidized-bed boiler[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2009,90(7/8):871-878.
[30]Nurmesniemi H,M?kel?M,P?yki?c R,et al.Comparison of the forest fertilizer properties of ash fractions from two power plants of pulp and paper mills incinerating biomass-based fuels[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2012,104(23):1-6.
[31]Chirenje T,Ma L Q,Lu L.Retention of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn by wood ash,lime and fume dust[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2006,171(1-4):301-314.
[32]赵振国.吸附作用应用原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.Zhao Z G.Application principle of adsorption[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[33]武玫玲.土壤矿质胶体的可变电荷表面对重金属离子的专性吸附[J].土壤通报,1985,16(2).Wu M L.The obligate adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of soil mineral colloid with variable charge[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1985,16(2).
[34]时仁勇,李九玉,徐仁扣,等.生物质灰对红壤酸度的改良效果[J].土壤学报,2015,52(5):1088-1095.Shi R Y,Li J Y,Xu R K,et al.Effects of bio-ash ameliorating red soil in acidity[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(5):1088-1095.
[35]廖艳妮.生物质灰渣的农业化学行为研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.Liao Y N.Study on agricultural chemical behavior of biomass ash[D].Chongqing:Southwest university,2013.
[36]Mclaren R G,Crawford D V.Studies on soil copper:II.the specific adsorption of copper by soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,24(4):443-452.
[37]王建林,刘芷宇.土壤中铁形态转化的根际效应[J].土壤,1990,22(3).Wang J L,Liu Z Y.Rhizosphere effect of iron morphological transformation in soil[J].Soil,1990,22(3).
[38]汤艳杰,贾建业,谢先德.铁锰氧化物在污染土壤修复中的作用[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(4):557-564.Tang Y J,Jia J Y,Xie X D.The environmental mineralogical significance of iron and manganese oxides in remediation of contaminated soil[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002,17(4):557-564.
[39]关天霞,何红波,张旭东,等.土壤中重金属元素形态分析方法及形态分布的影响因素[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):503-512.Guan T X,He H B,Zhang X D,et al.The Methodology of Fractionation Analysis and the Factors affecting the Species of Heavy Metals in Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(2):503-512.
[40]李璐,王震宇,林道辉,等.天然有机质与重金属相互作用的分析方法进展[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):182-189.Li L,Wang Z Y,Lin D H,et al.Advances in Analytical Methods for Investigating the Interaction between Natural Organic Matters and Heavy Metals[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(2):182-189.
[41]陈怀满.土壤-植物系统中的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.Chen H M.Heavy metals contamination in soil-plant systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996.
[42]GB2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].GB2762-2017 National standard for food safety Limits of pollutants in food[S].
[2]Li X N,Jiao W T,Xiao R B,et al.Soil pollution and site remediation policies in China:A review[J].Environmental Reviews,2015,23(3):150318143344008.
[3]Sun H,Zhu L,Zhou D.Polsoil:research on soil pollution in China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,25(1):1-3.
[4]中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].北京:2014.Ministry of environmental protection of the PRC,Ministry of land and resources of the PRC.National survey bulletin on soil pollution[R].Beijing:2014.
[5]息朝庄,戴塔根,黄丹艳.湖南株洲市土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].中国地质,2008,35(3):524-530.Xi C Z,Dai T G,Huang D Y.Distribution and pollution assessments of heavy metalsin soils in Zhuzhou,Hunan[J].Geology in China,2008,35(3):524-530.
[6]赵其国,骆永明.论我国土壤保护宏观战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,4:452-458.Zhao Q G,Luo Y M.The Macro Strategy of Soil Protection in China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015,4:452-458.
[7]曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):186-194.Zeng X B,Xu J M,Huang Q Y,et al.Some deliberations on the issues of heavy metals in farmlands of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1):186-194.
[8]韩志轩,王学求,迟清华,等.珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤重金属元素含量和来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3455-3463.Han Z X,Wang X Q,Chi Q H,et al.Occurrence and source identification of heavy metals in the alluvial soils of Pearl River Delta region,south China[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3455-3463.
[9]Liu X,Tian G,Jiang D,et al.Cadmium(Cd)distribution and contamination in Chinese paddy soils on national scale[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(18):1-12.
[10]Wang M,Chen W,Peng C.Risk assessment of Cd polluted paddy soils in the industrial and township areas in Hunan,Southern China[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:346-351.
[11]Duan G,Shao G,Tang Z,et al.Genotypic and Environmental Variations in Grain Cadmium and Arsenic Concentrations Among a Panel of High Yielding Rice Cultivars[J].Rice,2017,10(1):9.
[12]Jennifer H,Wang W Y.From Soil Pollution to“Cadmium Rice”to Public Health Impacts:An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Influencing Factors and Possible Responses[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2018,9(1):1-12.
[13]Wu X W,Ma H W,Zhang L T,et al.Adsorption properties and mechanism of mesoporous adsorbents prepared with fly ash for removal of Cu(II)in aqueous solution[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,261(5):902-907.
[14]Raml C,Masto R E.Fly ash for soil amelioration:A review on the influence of ash blending with inorganic and organic amendments[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,128(1):52-74.
[15]郜礼阳,邓金环,唐国强,等.不同温度桉树叶生物炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性及机制[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):1001-1009.Gao L Y,Deng J H,Tang G Q,et al.Adsorption characteristics and Mechanism of Cd2+on biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures produced from eucalyptus leaves[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):1001-1009.
[16]孙约兵,王朋超,徐应明,等.海泡石对镉-铅复合污染钝化修复效应及其土壤环境质量影响研究[J].环境科学,2014,12:4720-4726.Sun Y B,Wang P C,Xu Y M,et al.Immobilization Remediation of Cd and Pb Contaminated Soil:Remediation Potential and Soil Environmental Quality[J].Environmental Science,2014,12:4720-4726.
[17]Gray C W,Dunham S J,Dennis P G,et al.Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):530-539.
[18]朱雅兰,李明,黄巧云.草木灰污泥联合施用对Cd污染土壤中Cd形态变化的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(4):447-451.Zhu Y L,LI M,Huang Q Y.Effects of Straw Ash and Sewage Sludge on Morphologic Changes of Cadmium in Cadmium Contaminated Soil[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2010,29(4):447-451.
[19]Narodoslawsky M,Obernberger I.From waste to raw material-the route from biomass to wood ash for cadmium and other heavy metals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1997,50(2/3):157-168.
[20]汤蕾.粉煤灰中重金属淋滤特性试验及其处理方法的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.Tang L.Study on the Leachability and Treatment of Trace Elements in the Fly Ash[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology,2009.
[21]宋乐,韩占涛,吕晓立,等.利用改性生物质电厂灰钝化修复北方镉污染土壤的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(7):1484-1494.Song L,Han Z T,Lv X L,et al.Remediation of Cd-contaminated cropland soil in North China via the amendment of modified biofuel ash[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(7):1484-1494.
[22]Eijnders L.Disposal,uses and treatments of combustion ashes:a review[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2005,43(3):313-336.
[23]Hansen H K,Pedersen A J,Ottosen L M,et al.Speciation and mobility of cadmium in straw and wood combustion fly ash[J].Chemosphere,2001,45(1):123-128.
[24]Elled A-L,?mand L-E,Leckner B,et al.The fate of trace elements in fluidised bed combustion of sewage sludge and wood[J].Fuel,2015,86(5):843-852.
[25]Obernberger I,Biedermann F,Widmann W,et al.Concentrations of inorganic elements in biomass fuels and recovery in the different ash fractions[J].Biomass and bioenergy,1997,12(3):211-224.
[26]Saqib N,B?ckstr?m M.Trace element partitioning in ashes from boilers firing pure wood or mixtures of solid waste with respect to fuel composition,chlorine content and temperature[J].Waste Management,2014,34(12):2505-2519.
[27]Chávezguerrero L,Flores J,Kharissov B I.Recycling of ash from mezcal industry:a renewable source of lime[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(5):633-638.
[28]Ljung A,Nordin A.Theoretical feasibility for ecological biomass ash recirculation:chemical equilibrium behavior of nutrient elements and heavy metals during combustion[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,31(9):2499-2503.
[29]Dahl O,Nurmesniemi H,P?yki?R,et al.Comparison of the characteristics of bottom ash and fly ash from a medium-size(32MW)municipal district heating plant incinerating forest residues and peat in a fluidized-bed boiler[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2009,90(7/8):871-878.
[30]Nurmesniemi H,M?kel?M,P?yki?c R,et al.Comparison of the forest fertilizer properties of ash fractions from two power plants of pulp and paper mills incinerating biomass-based fuels[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2012,104(23):1-6.
[31]Chirenje T,Ma L Q,Lu L.Retention of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn by wood ash,lime and fume dust[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2006,171(1-4):301-314.
[32]赵振国.吸附作用应用原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.Zhao Z G.Application principle of adsorption[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[33]武玫玲.土壤矿质胶体的可变电荷表面对重金属离子的专性吸附[J].土壤通报,1985,16(2).Wu M L.The obligate adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of soil mineral colloid with variable charge[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1985,16(2).
[34]时仁勇,李九玉,徐仁扣,等.生物质灰对红壤酸度的改良效果[J].土壤学报,2015,52(5):1088-1095.Shi R Y,Li J Y,Xu R K,et al.Effects of bio-ash ameliorating red soil in acidity[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(5):1088-1095.
[35]廖艳妮.生物质灰渣的农业化学行为研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.Liao Y N.Study on agricultural chemical behavior of biomass ash[D].Chongqing:Southwest university,2013.
[36]Mclaren R G,Crawford D V.Studies on soil copper:II.the specific adsorption of copper by soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,24(4):443-452.
[37]王建林,刘芷宇.土壤中铁形态转化的根际效应[J].土壤,1990,22(3).Wang J L,Liu Z Y.Rhizosphere effect of iron morphological transformation in soil[J].Soil,1990,22(3).
[38]汤艳杰,贾建业,谢先德.铁锰氧化物在污染土壤修复中的作用[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(4):557-564.Tang Y J,Jia J Y,Xie X D.The environmental mineralogical significance of iron and manganese oxides in remediation of contaminated soil[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002,17(4):557-564.
[39]关天霞,何红波,张旭东,等.土壤中重金属元素形态分析方法及形态分布的影响因素[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):503-512.Guan T X,He H B,Zhang X D,et al.The Methodology of Fractionation Analysis and the Factors affecting the Species of Heavy Metals in Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(2):503-512.
[40]李璐,王震宇,林道辉,等.天然有机质与重金属相互作用的分析方法进展[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):182-189.Li L,Wang Z Y,Lin D H,et al.Advances in Analytical Methods for Investigating the Interaction between Natural Organic Matters and Heavy Metals[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(2):182-189.
[41]陈怀满.土壤-植物系统中的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.Chen H M.Heavy metals contamination in soil-plant systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996.
[42]GB2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].GB2762-2017 National standard for food safety Limits of pollutants in food[S].
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |