长期施肥对不同有机质水平黑土蛋白酶活性及氮素的影响
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摘要
为了探讨长期施肥对不同有机质含量农田黑土酶活性及养分的影响。本研究以黑土生产力长期定位试验为平台,选取5个不同有机质含量农田黑土为研究对象,对比分析长期施用化肥对农田黑土土壤蛋白酶活性及相关土壤养分的影响。结果表明:5种不同有机质含量农田黑土蛋白酶活性随有机质含量的增加而递增;与长期无肥处理相比,施用化肥显著提高了农田黑土蛋白酶的活性。不同施肥处理间土壤全氮随有机质含量的降低而降低,铵态氮、硝态氮与全氮含量变化一致。相关分析显示,土壤蛋白酶活性与土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮均呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。土壤蛋白酶活性可以作为长期施用化肥农田黑土质量评价的灵敏指标。
To discuss the effects of long-term chemical fertilizer application on enzyme activity and soil nutrients in arable mollisols of different organic matter contents,five organic matter contents were compared and analyzed based on the longterm experiment of mollisol productivity.The results showed that protease activities in mollisols increased with the increasing organic matter contents.Compared with non-fertilization treatment,the application of chemical fertilizer significantly increased protease activities in mollisols.Soil total nitrogen decreased with the decreasing organic matter contents in both fertilization treatments,and the changes of available nitrogen was consistent with total nitrogen contents.Correlation analysis showed that soil protease activities were significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen(P<0.05).Soil protease activity can be used as a sensitive indicator in evaluating the quality of mollisols under long-term application of chemical fertilizers.
To discuss the effects of long-term chemical fertilizer application on enzyme activity and soil nutrients in arable mollisols of different organic matter contents,five organic matter contents were compared and analyzed based on the longterm experiment of mollisol productivity.The results showed that protease activities in mollisols increased with the increasing organic matter contents.Compared with non-fertilization treatment,the application of chemical fertilizer significantly increased protease activities in mollisols.Soil total nitrogen decreased with the decreasing organic matter contents in both fertilization treatments,and the changes of available nitrogen was consistent with total nitrogen contents.Correlation analysis showed that soil protease activities were significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen(P<0.05).Soil protease activity can be used as a sensitive indicator in evaluating the quality of mollisols under long-term application of chemical fertilizers.
引文
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[28]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(3):525-533.
[29]董鲁浩,李玉义,逄焕成,等.不同土壤类型下长期施肥对土壤养分与小麦产量影响的比较研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(3):22-28.
[30]Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X,Licht M A.Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as influenced by tillage and cropping systems in some Iowa soils[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2005,105(4):635-647.
[31]张水清,林杉,郭斗斗,等.长期施肥下潮土全氮、碱解氮含量与氮素投入水平关系[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(6):23-29.
[32]谭金芳.作物施肥原理与技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.
[33]毛达如.近代施肥原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[34]张智猛,戴良香,张电学,等.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期内碱解氮、硝态氮时空变化及施氮安全值的研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(1):38-42.
[2]王理德,王方琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学研究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[3]关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力的关系[J].土壤肥料,1980,(2):19-21.
[4]KotroczóZ,Veres Z,Fekete I,et al.Soil enzyme activity in response to long-term organic matter manipulation[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,70(2):237-243.
[5]张崇邦,张忠恒.东北黑钙土土壤有机质与酶活性动态关系的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2000,(5):28-30.
[6]焦晓光,魏丹,隋跃宇.长期施肥对黑土和暗棕壤土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):698-703.
[7]彭木,訾晓雪,尚娲,等.不同土地利用方式对大庆地区土壤理化性质、酶活性与微生物数量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(10):79-84.
[8]Dou F,Wright A L,Rao S M,et al.Soil enzyme activities and organic matter composition affected by 26 years of continuous cropping[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(5):618-625.
[9]邢鹏飞,高圣超,马鸣超,等.有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(3):98-104.
[10]于冰,宋阿琳,李冬初,等.长期施用有机和无机肥对红壤微生物群落特征及功能的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(6):58-65.
[11]Kang H,Freeman C.Phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities in wetland soils:annual variation and controlling factors[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,(3):449-454.
[12]万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2008,(12):5980-5986.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14]张威,张明,张旭东,等.土壤蛋白酶和芳香氨基酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1468-1474.
[15]徐晶,陈婉华,张夫道,等.三类不同开垦年代的土壤主要微生物类群和土壤酶活性的演变[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006,(2):56-58.
[16]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.不同土地利用和施肥方式对土壤酶活性及相关肥力因子的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1311-1316.
[17]黄东风,王利民,李卫华,等.培肥措施培肥土壤的效果与机理研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):127-135.
[18]宫敬利,张国锋,宋宇鹏,等.不同施肥处理对人参还林地土壤中蛋白酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(24):152-154.
[19]李猛,张恩平,张淑红,等.长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):44-53.
[20]王俊华,尹睿,张华勇,等.长期定位施肥对农田土壤酶活性及其相关因素的影响[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):191-196.
[21]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):406-410.
[22]孙浩燕,王森,任涛,等.不同施肥方式下氮肥用量对直播稻根系形态及氮素吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(6):88-92.
[23]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[24]Hadas A,Kautsky L,Goek M,et al.Rates of decomposition of plant residues and available nitrogen in soil,related to residue composition through simulation of carbon and nitrogen turnover[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(2):255-266.
[25]孟繁华,李桂花,卢昌艾,等.长期不同施肥黑土碳氮库的组分特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(2):12-16.
[26]王娟.我国典型土壤长期定位施肥下土壤氮素时空演变特征研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[27]周建斌,陈竹君,李生秀.土壤微生物量氮含量、矿化特性及其供氮作用[J].生态学报,2001,21(10):1718-1725.
[28]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(3):525-533.
[29]董鲁浩,李玉义,逄焕成,等.不同土壤类型下长期施肥对土壤养分与小麦产量影响的比较研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(3):22-28.
[30]Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X,Licht M A.Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as influenced by tillage and cropping systems in some Iowa soils[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2005,105(4):635-647.
[31]张水清,林杉,郭斗斗,等.长期施肥下潮土全氮、碱解氮含量与氮素投入水平关系[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(6):23-29.
[32]谭金芳.作物施肥原理与技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.
[33]毛达如.近代施肥原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[34]张智猛,戴良香,张电学,等.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期内碱解氮、硝态氮时空变化及施氮安全值的研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(1):38-42.