上覆公路浅埋采空区群稳定性数值模拟
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摘要
某采石场开采形成了浅埋采空区群,且空区群上覆有一条县级公路。为确保上覆公路和采石场的安全运行,对采空区和上覆公路的稳定性进行了综合分析。首先,对采空区现状、工程地质和水文地质进行了调查;通过开展现场点荷载试验和室内岩石力学试验,获得了围岩的基本力学参数;随后,采用Heok-Brown准则及其强度参数的估计法,将岩石力学参数转化为岩体力学参数;接着,基于转换的力学参数,利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对采空区和上覆公路进行了模拟分析,并探讨了采空区及行车荷载对上覆公路的影响。研究结果表明:采空区处于稳定状态,对上覆公路影响较小;公路总体稳定,但公路与采空区的相对空间位置引起的地表不均匀沉降带来的局部离层对于公路有一定的危害。根据分析结果,建议充填4#采空区以降低采空区暴露面积,减少采空区分布的不均匀性以减少对公路离层区的影响,对于公路的局部离层区可采取注浆加固。
After more than ten years of underground mining in a quarry in Liuyang City,a gob group was formed by four irregular goafs,and the gobs were close to the surface with a running county-level Jiuxi highway. In order to develop the next-stage mining plan and ensure the safe operation of the above-mentioned roads and the quarry,it is necessary to comprehensively analyze and judge the stability of the goaf group and the overlying road. Field surveys about occurrence condition of goafs,hydrogeology survey as well as engineering geometry survey were performed. On-site point sample loading experiments and indoor rock mechanics experiments were made and basic mechanical parameters of surrounding rock were obtained and then the chart of the discrete strength parameters of the rock was used to analysis the quality of rock mass.After that,the required strength parameters for numerical analysis were calculated out with the method of HoekBrown principle as well as some amendments of related strength parameters. Then,numerical model about shallow buried connected goaf groups of the quarry formed after mining as well as highway on topsoil over the goaf group was built to evaluate the stability of goafs and highway so as to bring forward corresponding measures.After the initial geo-stress simulation and the formation of the goafs,in order to explore the impact of the driving load on the goaf,the driving load is applied to the road surface in the form of normal pressure,and then calculated to balance. Comprehensive evaluations on stability of goafs show that goafs are basically in stable condition and the goafs have little influence on overlying highway. The results also indicate that the highway is generally stable with partial separation of layers.Due to the spatial distribution characteristics of the goafs,the subsidence curvature caused by the uneven settlement and the local separation of road layers are harmful to the highway.The distribution of separation zone presents the characteristics of overall dispersion and local concentration,that is,unevenly distributed local strip-shaped separation zone. To ensure the safety of goaf and healthy running of highway,disposal measures for goafs and the road were proposed. Overall,the relative spatial position of the highway and the goafs and the surface topography of the surface play a major role in controlling the damage form of the highway.To ensure the safety of the road and avoid the activation of the goafs.Finally,it is recommended to backfill the 4# goaf to reduce the non-uniformity of spatial distribution and reinforce the separation part of the road by local grouting.
After more than ten years of underground mining in a quarry in Liuyang City,a gob group was formed by four irregular goafs,and the gobs were close to the surface with a running county-level Jiuxi highway. In order to develop the next-stage mining plan and ensure the safe operation of the above-mentioned roads and the quarry,it is necessary to comprehensively analyze and judge the stability of the goaf group and the overlying road. Field surveys about occurrence condition of goafs,hydrogeology survey as well as engineering geometry survey were performed. On-site point sample loading experiments and indoor rock mechanics experiments were made and basic mechanical parameters of surrounding rock were obtained and then the chart of the discrete strength parameters of the rock was used to analysis the quality of rock mass.After that,the required strength parameters for numerical analysis were calculated out with the method of HoekBrown principle as well as some amendments of related strength parameters. Then,numerical model about shallow buried connected goaf groups of the quarry formed after mining as well as highway on topsoil over the goaf group was built to evaluate the stability of goafs and highway so as to bring forward corresponding measures.After the initial geo-stress simulation and the formation of the goafs,in order to explore the impact of the driving load on the goaf,the driving load is applied to the road surface in the form of normal pressure,and then calculated to balance. Comprehensive evaluations on stability of goafs show that goafs are basically in stable condition and the goafs have little influence on overlying highway. The results also indicate that the highway is generally stable with partial separation of layers.Due to the spatial distribution characteristics of the goafs,the subsidence curvature caused by the uneven settlement and the local separation of road layers are harmful to the highway.The distribution of separation zone presents the characteristics of overall dispersion and local concentration,that is,unevenly distributed local strip-shaped separation zone. To ensure the safety of goaf and healthy running of highway,disposal measures for goafs and the road were proposed. Overall,the relative spatial position of the highway and the goafs and the surface topography of the surface play a major role in controlling the damage form of the highway.To ensure the safety of the road and avoid the activation of the goafs.Finally,it is recommended to backfill the 4# goaf to reduce the non-uniformity of spatial distribution and reinforce the separation part of the road by local grouting.
引文
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[9]王彦玮，张忠辉，邱俊刚，等.山东望儿山金矿地表沉陷数值模拟研究[J].黄金科学技术，2011,19(3):72-76.Wang Yanwei,Zhang Zhonghui,Qiu Jungang,et al. Numerical simulation of mining-induced subsidence in Wang’ershan gold mine,Shandong Province[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2011,19(3):72-76.
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[11]谷中元，周科平.基于蠕变试验的浅埋空区群结构时变力学特性研究[J].黄金科学技术，2018,26(4):511-519.Gu Zhongyuan,Zhou Keping. Study on time-variant mechanics properties of shallow goaf group based on creep experiment[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2018,26(4):511-519.
[12]胡高建，杨天鸿，张飞，等.复杂空区群回采围岩破坏模式及区域并行研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2017,34(3):565-572.Hu Gaojian,Yang Tianhong,Zhang Fei,et al. Parallel computing technologies for the failure mode and area of surrounding rock in complex goafs[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):565-572.
[13]彭帅英.高速公路下伏多层采空区地表沉陷数值模拟及预测研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2013.Peng Shuaiying. Numerical Simulation and Ground Subsidence Prediction for Multilayer Goafs Underlaying Highway[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[14]董羽，黄玉诚，邓和浪，等.基于FLAC3D的公路下压煤巷式充填开采的数值模拟分析[J].煤矿安全，2014,45(6):163-165,169.Dong Yu,Huang Yucheng,Deng Helang,et al. Simulation analysis of roadway backfilling mining under highway based on FlAC3D[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(6):163-165,169.
[15]童立元，邱钰，刘松玉，等.高速公路与下伏煤矿采空区相互作用规律探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2010(11):2271-2276.Tong Liyuan,Qiu Yu,Liu Songyu,et al.Discussion of interaction law of expressway and underlying mine goafs[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010(11):2271-2276.
[16]童立元，刘松玉，邱钰，等.高速公路下伏采空区问题国内外研究现状及进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2004(7):1198-1202.Tong Liyuan,Liu Songyu,Qiu Yu,et al.Current research state of problems associated with mined-out regions under expressway and future development[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004(7):1198-1202.
[17]童立元，刘松玉，邱钰.高速公路下伏采空区危害性评价与处治技术[M].南京：东南大学出版社，2006.Tong Liyuan,Liu Songyu,Qiu Yu.Hazard Potential Evaluation and Treatment Technology of Highway Underlain Goaf[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2006.
[18]童立元，刘松玉，邱钰.采空区对高速公路危害性特征与评价方法研究[J].公路交通科技，2005,22(11):1-5.Tong Liyuan,Liu Songyu,Qiu Yu.Hazard characteristics and the evaluation methods for mined-out region under expressways[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(11):1-5.
[19]孙琦，张向东，杜东宁，等.浅埋采空区对路基稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报，2015,26(2):127-131.Sun Qi,Zhang Xiangdong,Du Dongning,et al. Numerical simulation of the impact of shallow seam goaf on highway safety[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2015,26(2):127-131.
[20]张普纲.采空区高速公路路基破坏的数值模拟分析[J].煤矿开采，2012,17(3):74-76,48.Zhang Pugang. Numerical simulation of expressway roadbed over mined gob[J].Coal Mining Technology,2012,17(3):74-76,48.
[21]赵斌臣，郭广礼，吴承红.高等级公路采动变性破坏数值模拟研究[J].工业安全与环保，2016,42(3):36-40.Zhao Binchen,Guo Guangli,Wu Chenghong. Numerical simulation study on high-class failure due to mining deformation[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2016,42(3):36-40.
[22]聂承凯，田志忠．《采空区公路设计与施工技术细则》的解释与应用[J].中国公路，2011(18):116-119.Nie Chengkai,Tian Zhizhong. Interpretation and application of Techinicals for Design and Construction of Mined-out Area Highway[J].China Highway,2011(18):116-119.
[23]陈剑，苏跃宏.交通荷载作用下公路路基动力特性的数值模拟研究[J].公路交通科技，2011,28(5):44-48.Chen Jian,Su Yuehong.Numerical simulation of dynamic performance of highway subgrade under traffic loads[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(5):44-48.
[2]Seryakov V M. Calculation of stress-strain state for an over-goaf rock mass[J]. Journal of Mining Science,2009,45(5):420.
[3]Hu Y,Li X.Bayes discriminant analysis method to identify risky of complicated goaf in mines and its application[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(2):425-431.
[4]廖学东，高明中.开采方案对地表移动影响的数值模拟[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2008,25(2):226-230.Liao Xuedong,Gao Mingzhong. Numerical simulation of effect of mining scheme on ground movement[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):226-230.
[5]Nie L,Zhang M,Jian H.Analysis of surface subsidence mechanism and regularity under the influence of seism and fault[J]. Natural Hazards,2013,66(2):773-780.
[6]Sheorey P R,Loui J P,Singh K B,et al. Ground subsidence observations and a modified influence function method for complete subsidence prediction[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(5):801-818.
[7]孙国权，李娟，胡杏保.基于FLAC3D程序的采空区稳定性分析[J].金属矿山，2007,37(2):29-32.Sun Guoquan,Li Juan,Hu Xingbao.FLAC3D-Based stability analysis of mined-out area[J]. Metal Mine,2007,37(2):29-32.
[8]祁建东，高永涛，韩浩亮.河流下伏采空区地表沉降规律及处治技术研究[J].金属矿山，2015,35(2):26-31.Qi Jiandong,Gao Yongtao,Han Haoliang. Research on the surface subsidence regularity and treatment technique of goaf underlying river[J]. Metal Mine,2015,35(2):26-31.
[9]王彦玮，张忠辉，邱俊刚，等.山东望儿山金矿地表沉陷数值模拟研究[J].黄金科学技术，2011,19(3):72-76.Wang Yanwei,Zhang Zhonghui,Qiu Jungang,et al. Numerical simulation of mining-induced subsidence in Wang’ershan gold mine,Shandong Province[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2011,19(3):72-76.
[10]付建新，宋卫东，杜建华.金属矿山采空区群形成过程中围岩扰动规律研究[J].岩土力学，2013（增1):508-515.Fu Jianxin,Song Weidong,Du Jianhua. Study of disturbance law for wall rock while goaf group formation in metal mines[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013(Supp. 1):508-515.
[11]谷中元，周科平.基于蠕变试验的浅埋空区群结构时变力学特性研究[J].黄金科学技术，2018,26(4):511-519.Gu Zhongyuan,Zhou Keping. Study on time-variant mechanics properties of shallow goaf group based on creep experiment[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2018,26(4):511-519.
[12]胡高建，杨天鸿，张飞，等.复杂空区群回采围岩破坏模式及区域并行研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2017,34(3):565-572.Hu Gaojian,Yang Tianhong,Zhang Fei,et al. Parallel computing technologies for the failure mode and area of surrounding rock in complex goafs[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):565-572.
[13]彭帅英.高速公路下伏多层采空区地表沉陷数值模拟及预测研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2013.Peng Shuaiying. Numerical Simulation and Ground Subsidence Prediction for Multilayer Goafs Underlaying Highway[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[14]董羽，黄玉诚，邓和浪，等.基于FLAC3D的公路下压煤巷式充填开采的数值模拟分析[J].煤矿安全，2014,45(6):163-165,169.Dong Yu,Huang Yucheng,Deng Helang,et al. Simulation analysis of roadway backfilling mining under highway based on FlAC3D[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(6):163-165,169.
[15]童立元，邱钰，刘松玉，等.高速公路与下伏煤矿采空区相互作用规律探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2010(11):2271-2276.Tong Liyuan,Qiu Yu,Liu Songyu,et al.Discussion of interaction law of expressway and underlying mine goafs[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010(11):2271-2276.
[16]童立元，刘松玉，邱钰，等.高速公路下伏采空区问题国内外研究现状及进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2004(7):1198-1202.Tong Liyuan,Liu Songyu,Qiu Yu,et al.Current research state of problems associated with mined-out regions under expressway and future development[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004(7):1198-1202.
[17]童立元，刘松玉，邱钰.高速公路下伏采空区危害性评价与处治技术[M].南京：东南大学出版社，2006.Tong Liyuan,Liu Songyu,Qiu Yu.Hazard Potential Evaluation and Treatment Technology of Highway Underlain Goaf[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2006.
[18]童立元，刘松玉，邱钰.采空区对高速公路危害性特征与评价方法研究[J].公路交通科技，2005,22(11):1-5.Tong Liyuan,Liu Songyu,Qiu Yu.Hazard characteristics and the evaluation methods for mined-out region under expressways[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(11):1-5.
[19]孙琦，张向东，杜东宁，等.浅埋采空区对路基稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报，2015,26(2):127-131.Sun Qi,Zhang Xiangdong,Du Dongning,et al. Numerical simulation of the impact of shallow seam goaf on highway safety[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2015,26(2):127-131.
[20]张普纲.采空区高速公路路基破坏的数值模拟分析[J].煤矿开采，2012,17(3):74-76,48.Zhang Pugang. Numerical simulation of expressway roadbed over mined gob[J].Coal Mining Technology,2012,17(3):74-76,48.
[21]赵斌臣，郭广礼，吴承红.高等级公路采动变性破坏数值模拟研究[J].工业安全与环保，2016,42(3):36-40.Zhao Binchen,Guo Guangli,Wu Chenghong. Numerical simulation study on high-class failure due to mining deformation[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2016,42(3):36-40.
[22]聂承凯，田志忠．《采空区公路设计与施工技术细则》的解释与应用[J].中国公路，2011(18):116-119.Nie Chengkai,Tian Zhizhong. Interpretation and application of Techinicals for Design and Construction of Mined-out Area Highway[J].China Highway,2011(18):116-119.
[23]陈剑，苏跃宏.交通荷载作用下公路路基动力特性的数值模拟研究[J].公路交通科技，2011,28(5):44-48.Chen Jian,Su Yuehong.Numerical simulation of dynamic performance of highway subgrade under traffic loads[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(5):44-48.