不同基质构建海水养殖系统硝化功能的比较分析
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摘要
为比较不同基质构建海水养殖系统硝化功能的强弱,选取纤维毛球、陶粒、螺旋式生物绳等7种基质,其中陶粒、流化床填料、纤维毛球采取不同放置方式,共建立14个模拟海水养殖系统,比较不同基质硝化功能建立过程以及同种基质不同放置方式对氨氮和亚硝氮的去除效果。结果表明,单位体积珊瑚骨的氨氧化活性和亚硝酸盐氧化活性高于其他载体,在氨氮初始浓度20 mg/L条件下,氨氮和亚硝氮降解至检测不出分别需要3 d和11 d,而纤维毛球、陶粒、螺旋式生物绳、流化床填料、丝带内芯悬浮球、海绵内芯悬浮球硝化系统的建立分别需要18、26、30、25、27和22 d。纤维毛球100目筛绢悬挂、陶粒网兜悬挂、流化床填料100目筛绢悬挂优于其他放置方式,其中纤维毛球100目筛绢悬挂硝化功能建立时间为18 d,效果最优,流化床填料100目筛绢悬挂、陶粒网兜悬挂硝化系统建立分别需要21、24 d。
In order to compare the nitrification function of different substrates in mariculture system,fourteen simulated mariculture systems were established by different placement methods of fibre ball, ceramsite, spiral biological rope, fluidized bed filler, suspension ball in ribbon core, suspension ball in sponge core and coral bone, and 14 simulated mariculture systems were established by adding nitrifying bacteria. Establishments of nitrification function of matrices and removals of ammonia and nitrous nitrogen by different placement methods of the same matrix were compared. The results showed that the ammonia oxidation activity and nitrite oxidation activity of corals per unit volume were higher than those of other matrices,which took 3 and 11 days respectively to degradate ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to an undetectable level with the initial concentration of 20 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, while the establishments of nitrification system for fibre ball, ceramsite, spiral biological rope, fluidized bed packing, suspension ball with inner core of ribbon and suspension ball with inner core of sponge needed 18, 26, 30, 25, 27 and 22 days, respectively. The suspension of fibre ball with 100 mesh sieve, ceramsite in string bag and fluidized bed packing with with 100 mesh sieve were better than other methods. The nitrification function of fibre ball with 100 mesh sieve was established in 18 days, and the effect was the best. It took 21 and 24 days to establish the nitration system for fluidized bed packing with 100 mesh sieve and ceramsite in string bag respectively.
In order to compare the nitrification function of different substrates in mariculture system,fourteen simulated mariculture systems were established by different placement methods of fibre ball, ceramsite, spiral biological rope, fluidized bed filler, suspension ball in ribbon core, suspension ball in sponge core and coral bone, and 14 simulated mariculture systems were established by adding nitrifying bacteria. Establishments of nitrification function of matrices and removals of ammonia and nitrous nitrogen by different placement methods of the same matrix were compared. The results showed that the ammonia oxidation activity and nitrite oxidation activity of corals per unit volume were higher than those of other matrices,which took 3 and 11 days respectively to degradate ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to an undetectable level with the initial concentration of 20 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, while the establishments of nitrification system for fibre ball, ceramsite, spiral biological rope, fluidized bed packing, suspension ball with inner core of ribbon and suspension ball with inner core of sponge needed 18, 26, 30, 25, 27 and 22 days, respectively. The suspension of fibre ball with 100 mesh sieve, ceramsite in string bag and fluidized bed packing with with 100 mesh sieve were better than other methods. The nitrification function of fibre ball with 100 mesh sieve was established in 18 days, and the effect was the best. It took 21 and 24 days to establish the nitration system for fluidized bed packing with 100 mesh sieve and ceramsite in string bag respectively.
引文
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[16] 樊慧敏,马倩倩,商泽昊,等.工厂化淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾甲壳溃疡症病因与防治研究[J].生物学杂志,2019,36(03):65-69.
[17] 张家松,陈亮亮,冯震华,等.人工基质在对虾养殖中的应用[J].海洋科学,2016,40(9):135-139.
[18] 张宇雷,沈建清,张海耿,等.PVA-PVP共混填料在循环水养殖水处理中的应用研究[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(5):115-121.
[19] 张龙,陈钊,汪鲁,等.凡纳滨对虾循环水养殖系统应用研究[J].渔业现化,2019,46(02):7-14.
[20] 沈斌乾,陈建明,姜建湖,等.利用人工基质构建微生物膜对养殖水体原位修复效果的评价[J].科学养鱼,2015(8):50-51.
[21] 吴英杰,马璐瑶,陈琛,等.北美海蓬子生态浮床对养殖海水的净化和对虾的增产效果[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(12):3351-3361.
[22] 张月,段亚飞,董宏标,等.人工基质对凡纳滨对虾免疫和消化相关指标的影响[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):462-466.
[2] DONG H B,SU Y Q,YONG M,et al.Dietary supplementation with Bacillus can improve the growth and survival of the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus in high-temperature environments[J].Aquaculture International,2014,22(2):607-617.
[3] 姚秀清,张全,王庆庆.硝化细菌对养殖水体处理技术的研究[J].化学与生物工程,2011,28( 1):79-81.
[4] 苟妮娜,张建禄.海水和淡化水养殖凡纳滨对虾饲料蛋白需求量的比较研究[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2019,38(03):1039-1047.
[5] 李祎,杨彩云,郑天凌.自然环境中细菌的生存方式及其群落特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(4 ):553-560.
[6] MOOK W T,CHAKRABARTI M H,AROUA M K,et al.Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN),nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology:A review[J].Desalination,2012,285(3):1-13.
[7] 崔云亮,顾志峰,郑兴,等.5种滤料在循环养殖系统中去除氨氮效果的比较[J].热带生物学报,2015,6(3):235-241.
[8] 张健,章文军,裘琼芬,等.氨氮次溴酸钠氧化测定法的改良[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(11):126-129.
[9] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:258-268.
[10] 陈谦,张新雄,赵海,等.用于水产养殖的微生态制剂的研究和应用进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(3):524-530.
[11] 周彦锋,周游,尤洋.五里湖人工基质上着生藻类群落结构及其影响因子研究[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(2):57-64.
[12] SCHRYVER D P,CRAB R,DEFOIRDT T,et al.The basics of bio-flocs technology:The added value for aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2008,277(3-4):125-137.
[13] 陈亮亮,董宏标,李卓佳,等.生物絮团技术在对虾养殖中的应用及展望[J].海洋科学,2014,38(8):103-108.
[14] AHMAD I,RANI M B A,VERMA A K,et al.Biofloc technology:an emerging avenue in aquatic animal healthcare and nutrition[J].Aquaculture International,2017,25(3):1215-1226.
[15] 江兴龙,邓来富.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(6):1536-1543.
[16] 樊慧敏,马倩倩,商泽昊,等.工厂化淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾甲壳溃疡症病因与防治研究[J].生物学杂志,2019,36(03):65-69.
[17] 张家松,陈亮亮,冯震华,等.人工基质在对虾养殖中的应用[J].海洋科学,2016,40(9):135-139.
[18] 张宇雷,沈建清,张海耿,等.PVA-PVP共混填料在循环水养殖水处理中的应用研究[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(5):115-121.
[19] 张龙,陈钊,汪鲁,等.凡纳滨对虾循环水养殖系统应用研究[J].渔业现化,2019,46(02):7-14.
[20] 沈斌乾,陈建明,姜建湖,等.利用人工基质构建微生物膜对养殖水体原位修复效果的评价[J].科学养鱼,2015(8):50-51.
[21] 吴英杰,马璐瑶,陈琛,等.北美海蓬子生态浮床对养殖海水的净化和对虾的增产效果[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(12):3351-3361.
[22] 张月,段亚飞,董宏标,等.人工基质对凡纳滨对虾免疫和消化相关指标的影响[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):462-466.