灌溉对中国西北地区冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响的Meta分析
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摘要
灌溉对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响的研究一般为定点小区试验,研究结果受时空差异、降水量等条件的限制,难以反映出不同地区与降雨水平下灌溉对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响的一般规律。以冬小麦为研究对象,对已发表的相关田间试验数据进行检索与整合,基于Meta分析方法定量研究灌溉对我国西北地区冬小麦产量与水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明:在我国西北地区,灌溉条件下冬小麦产量较不灌溉平均提高27.9%(95%置信区间23.1%～32.8%),水分利用效率提高6.1%(置信区间0.1%～12.7%)。灌溉的累积平均增产率随灌溉定额逐渐增大,随灌溉定额的增加,累积增产率高达32.1%,累积相对水分利用效率变化率却减小至4.1%。不同降雨年型的亚组分析表明,灌溉条件下的冬小麦产量均得到显著提高,丰水年和枯水年的灌溉可提高冬小麦水分利用效率,但平水年内的灌溉使冬小麦水分利用效率降低。该研究结果可为我国西北地区冬小麦不同降雨年型下灌溉方案的科学制定提供参考依据。
The effect of irrigation on yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat is generally studied through a fixed-point plot experiment. The results are limited by space and time difference and precipitation. It is difficult to reflect the general law of the effect of irrigation on yield and WUE of winter wheat in different regions and different rainfall levels. In this study, winter wheat was taken as the research object, and the published field experimental data were retrieved and integrated. Based on Meta-analysis method, the effects of irrigation on winter wheat yield and WUE in Northwest China were studied quantitatively. The results show that the yield of winter wheat under irrigation increases by 27.9%(95% confidence interval 23.1%～32.8%) and WUE increases by 6.1%(confidence interval 0.1%～12.7%) than that of dry farming in Northwest China; with the increase of irrigation volumes, the cumulative average yield increase of irrigation is up to 32.1%, while the relative change rate of WUE decreases to 4.1%. Subgroup analysis of different rainfall years shows that the yield of winter wheat is significantly increased under irrigation conditions. Irrigation in wet and dry years can improve the WUE of winter wheat, but irrigation in normal years can reduce the WUE of winter wheat. The results can provide a reference for the scientific formulation of irrigation schemes for winter wheat in different rainfall years in Northwest China.
The effect of irrigation on yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat is generally studied through a fixed-point plot experiment. The results are limited by space and time difference and precipitation. It is difficult to reflect the general law of the effect of irrigation on yield and WUE of winter wheat in different regions and different rainfall levels. In this study, winter wheat was taken as the research object, and the published field experimental data were retrieved and integrated. Based on Meta-analysis method, the effects of irrigation on winter wheat yield and WUE in Northwest China were studied quantitatively. The results show that the yield of winter wheat under irrigation increases by 27.9%(95% confidence interval 23.1%～32.8%) and WUE increases by 6.1%(confidence interval 0.1%～12.7%) than that of dry farming in Northwest China; with the increase of irrigation volumes, the cumulative average yield increase of irrigation is up to 32.1%, while the relative change rate of WUE decreases to 4.1%. Subgroup analysis of different rainfall years shows that the yield of winter wheat is significantly increased under irrigation conditions. Irrigation in wet and dry years can improve the WUE of winter wheat, but irrigation in normal years can reduce the WUE of winter wheat. The results can provide a reference for the scientific formulation of irrigation schemes for winter wheat in different rainfall years in Northwest China.
引文
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[23] 李巧珍,李玉中,郭家选,等.覆膜集雨与限量补灌对土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):25-30.
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[25] 王建东,龚时宏,许迪,等.灌水模式对冬小麦根系空间分布及多年产量的影响[J].水利学报,2011,42(10):1 239-1 246.
[26] 杨玉萍,刘瑞,刘斌侠,等.不同补灌时期与灌水量对冬小麦生长的影响[J].基层农技推广,2018,6(12):12-15.
[27] 王淑芬,张喜英,裴冬.不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(2):27-32.
[28] 王东.黄淮流域冬小麦按需补灌方法及其应用[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):220-228.
[29] 郭孟楚,赵鹏飞,刘全清,等.覆膜及灌溉对冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(2):223-227.
[2] 周丽丽,薛彬,孟范玉,等.喷灌定额和灌水频次对冬小麦产量及品质的影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):235-243.
[3] 张益望,刘文兆.补充灌溉及氮磷配施对黄土塬区冬小麦水分利用及产量的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(5):76-81.
[4] 刘存寿,谷洁,方日尧.灌溉对渭北塬区冬小麦水分利用效率与增产潜力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(1):93-96.
[5] 刘小利,蔡铁,徐悦,等.关中西部灌区限量节水灌溉对冬小麦水分利用效率和产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(1):24-29.
[6] 刘瀚林.围填海工程对海洋环境影响的Meta分析[D].辽宁大连:大连理工大学,2014:51.
[7] GLASS G V.Primary,Secondary,and Meta-Analysis of Research[J].Educational Researcher,2016,5(10):3-8.
[8] 彭少麟,郑凤英.Meta分析:综述中的一次大革命[J].生态学杂志,1999(6):65-70.
[9] 孙东宝.北方旱作区作物产量和水肥利用特征与提升途径[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017:176.
[10] 赵鑫.基于Meta-analysis对我国保护性耕作农田土壤固碳减排效应及其潜力的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[11] 银敏华,李援农,申胜龙,等.中国可降解膜覆盖对玉米产量效应的Meta分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(19):1-9.
[12] Du Y,Niu W,Gu X,et al.Crop yield and water use efficiency under aerated irrigation:A meta-analysis[J].Agricultural Water Management,2018,210:158-164.
[13] Song Y,Zou Y,Wang G,et al.Altered soil carbon and nitrogen cycles due to the freeze-thaw effect:A meta-analysis[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,109:35-49.
[14] van Groenigen Kees Jan O C W H.Increased soil emissions of potent greenhouse gases under increased atmospheric CO2[J].Nature,2011,7355(475):214-216.
[15] Geisseler Daniel,Scow K M.Long-term effects of mineral fertilizers on soil microorganisms-A review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014(75):54-63.
[16] 谢岷,魏占民,曲忠义.基于 Meta-Analysis的气象与环境因素对玉米氮素利用的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(1):95-98.
[17] MORGAN P B,Ainsworth E A L.How does elevated ozone impact soybean?A meta-analysis of photosynthesis,growth and yield[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2003,26(8):1 317-1 328.
[18] Hedges L V G J,Curtis P.The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology[J].Ecology,1999,80(4):1 150-1 156.
[19] 黄高宝,郭清毅,张仁陟,等.保护性耕作条件下旱地农田麦豆双序列轮作体系的水分动态及产量效应[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1 176-1 185.
[20] 刘卫星,朱伟,王永强,等.灌水模式对冬小麦花后光合、产量及水分利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(11):1 529-1 536.
[21] 曾宪涛.应用STATA做Meta分析:军事医学[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:183.
[22] 申三保,邹倪杰,何春雨.补灌对陇南北部冬小麦产量和耗水量及水分利用效率的研究[J].小麦研究,2013,34(2):25-29.
[23] 李巧珍,李玉中,郭家选,等.覆膜集雨与限量补灌对土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):25-30.
[24] 刘泉斌.泾惠渠灌区冬小麦节水灌溉制度研究与应用[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015:56.
[25] 王建东,龚时宏,许迪,等.灌水模式对冬小麦根系空间分布及多年产量的影响[J].水利学报,2011,42(10):1 239-1 246.
[26] 杨玉萍,刘瑞,刘斌侠,等.不同补灌时期与灌水量对冬小麦生长的影响[J].基层农技推广,2018,6(12):12-15.
[27] 王淑芬,张喜英,裴冬.不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(2):27-32.
[28] 王东.黄淮流域冬小麦按需补灌方法及其应用[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):220-228.
[29] 郭孟楚,赵鹏飞,刘全清,等.覆膜及灌溉对冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(2):223-227.